Char ndi nsomba wamba za m'banja la nsomba ndi mitundu ya nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Akatswiri azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi akhala akutsutsana kwazaka zambiri zakusiyanasiyana kwamitundu iyi, komwe idachokera, ndi zina zambiri. Char nsomba Ndiwodziwika kwambiri komanso wofunidwa pakati pa asodzi, ndipo umakondweretsanso pophika ndi mankhwala.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Asodzi ambiri amadzifunsa kuti: “Kodi nsomba za char zimapezeka kuti? ", Ndipo nthawi zambiri amapeza yankho losamveka. Kupatula apo, malo okhala banja lino ndi ochulukirapo. Mitundu ina imatha kuthawira kunyanja, ina imatha kusamukira kumadzi am'nyanja, komwe imadzipezera chakudya. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala m'mitsinje yamapiri ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu.
Okonda moyo wam'madzi amakumananso. Malo otsekemera amasinthidwa bwino ndimadzi ozizira, chifukwa kholo la mitundu yonse iyi ndi Arctic char, yomwe idatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi ya Ice Age pansi pa nyanja za Arctic.
Pali malo angapo otchuka ku Russia, komwe kumakhala nsomba za char:
- Western Siberia;
- Chilumba cha Kola;
- Nyanja ya Baikal;
- Nyanja ya Pacific;
- Gawo la Trans-Ural.
Nsomba zimapezekanso m'maiko aku Europe, makamaka akumpoto, koma nthawi zambiri malo ake amakhala ndi subspecies, iliyonse yomwe ndiyabwino pamadzi ena.
Mtengo wa nsomba za char umadaliranso ndi subspecies, yomwe imatha kusiyanasiyana pakulemera, kutalika kwake komanso zothandiza za munthuyo. Chifukwa chake, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- Mpweya wa Arctic: nsomba zakale kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi a Arctic Circle. Monga lamulo, iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yokwera mtengo kwambiri, yolemera makilogalamu 16.
- Nyanja char: amakhala ku Central Europe, munyanja, komwe samasamukira mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imatha kukhala munyanja imodzimodzi ndipo imasiyana, makamaka kukula, komanso zakudya.
- Mtsinje char: amakhala m'mitsinje ikuluikulu yamapiri ku Europe, Caucasus ndi America. Nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe zimachoka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumitsinje. Awa ndi anthu omwe akukula pang'onopang'ono omwe alibe mtengo wokwera pamsika.
- Nyalugwe char: amakhala makamaka m'mitsinje. Zikuwoneka chifukwa chodutsa char ndi trout, koma asayansi ambiri amayerekezera mtundu uwu ndi char.
- Pacific char: yotchuka mdera la Pacific, yayikulu kukula ndipo nthawi zambiri imafanana ndi arctic char, kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu. Dzina lina la mtundu uwu ndi Kamchatka char nsomba.
- Wachikaso char: amapezeka mumitsinje ya Far East, komanso munyanja imodzi kumpoto kwa Chukotka.
- North America char: lalikulu kwambiri pabanja lake, silimapezeka m'madzi aku Russia, koma amakhala makamaka m'madzi ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu ya Alaska ndi Canada.
Ngakhale kuti nsomba iyi imatha kukhala munyanja ngakhale munyanja, kutchula nsomba char, simungathe. Anadromous char sapita patali m'nyanja, koma amasungabe malo am'mphepete mwa mtsinje womwe udasamukira kumadzi amchere.
Kufotokozera
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba za char chosavuta, ndipo msodzi aliyense wodziwa masewera amatha kuchizindikira. Komabe, chifukwa cha mitundu yochuluka ya subspecies, nsomba iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, mwachitsanzo, mkamwa wachikaso, utoto wamizere kapena kufanana ndi nsomba zam'madzi.
Komabe, chizindikiro chomveka bwino chomwe chimasiyanitsa char ndi mitundu ina ya saumoni ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa madontho akuda mthupi, ndipo nthawi zina kulibe kwathunthu. M'malo mwa mawangawa, nsombazi zimakhala ndi madontho amitundu yosiyana, mwachitsanzo, pinki kapena yoyera.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri pamakina ake ndi ochepa, masikelo owoneka bwino, ofewa komanso oterera. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti nsombayo idatchedwa char - kuchokera kumawu, maliseche. Mwa utoto, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ubweya wakuda wakuda.
Koma ndizovuta kusiyanitsa nsomba ndi kukula kapena kulemera kwake. Miyala ya Anadromous ndi yayikulu, nthawi zina imakhala yosangalatsa kukula kwake. Amafika kutalika kwa 80 cm ndikulemera 15-16 kg. Ozernaya ndi akapolo amtsinje char yaying'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi 25 cm m'litali komanso osapitirira 1.5 kg.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa char
Ndizovuta kunena kuti ndi nsomba ziti zomwe zili m'chilengedwe. Itha kukhala njira, ndipo imakhala gawo lina la moyo wake m'madzi amchere am'nyanja ndi nyanja, ndipo pang'ono pang'ono mumitsinje ndi nyanja. Zimasamukira kwina kuti zibereke.
Madzi amchere amapezeka nthawi zambiri, amakhala m'madzi, mitsinje ngakhale m'mayiwe. Palinso mitsinje ndi char aquarium. Sizingokhala zodyera komanso m'malo awo, amatha kutero ngakhale ali m'madzi ozizira. Amalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. Tchalitchichi chimakonda kukhala chokha, ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri kuchipeza m'gulu.
Chakudya
Chakudyacho ndi nsomba zolusa ndipo kaya amakhala kuti, chakudya cha nyama chimaphatikizidwamo chakudya chake. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya char imatha kudya zina, nsomba zazing'ono, ma molluscs, zoobentrophages, ndi mazira. Nsomba zokhala m'madzi abwino: nyanja ndi mitsinje, zimatha kudyetsa zovunda, mwachitsanzo, tizilombo tomwe timira m'madzi ambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma loach amabala m'nyengo yachilimwe, amabala kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, nthawi zina Juni. Ndisanayiwale, char nsomba roe Mitundu ikuluikulu yamtengo wapatali pamsika wamalonda ndipo imapindulitsa ndalama zambiri pamsika wa nsomba. Mitundu ya nsomba zamadzi amchere zimasankha malo osaya kwambiri osungira madzi, ndipo nthawi zina mitsinje, ngalande, kuti apatse mazirawo madzi ndi mpweya.
Mitundu ya nsomba zodabwitsika zimatuluka munyanja nthawi yopuma komanso imaikira mazira m'madzi amadzi, nthawi zina mumchenga, ndipo nthawi zina pamitengo yam'madzi. Tchalitchichi chimafika pakukula msinkhu wazaka 3-4, ndipo chiwerengerocho nsomba zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 7. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nyengo yakuswana kwa nsomba iyi ndikuti amuna ndi akazi amayamba kusintha mtundu kuti akope mnzake. Kukula ndi ziphuphu zimapezeka pamasamba awo osalala.
Zophikira
Anthu ambiri ali ndi chikhumbo chofuna kugula char, chifukwa ili ndi kulawa kwapadera, mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso gulu lalikulu lazinthu zofunikira.
Ndi yabwino kudya zakudya ngati yathamangitsidwa kapena yophika. Zakudya zambiri zokoma zimapangidwa kuchokera ku char, mwachitsanzo, ma steak, msuzi wa nsomba, mphodza. Amaphika mwachangu, koma amakhala wofewa komanso wofewa. Makamaka otchuka komanso okondedwa ku Russia nsomba zamchere char.
