Tsopano pali zokambirana zambiri pazovuta komanso kukwera kwamitengo, ali ndi zifukwa zomveka, koma wina ayenera kukumbukira kuti osati kalekale kunalibe zinthu monga CO2, nyali zapadera ndi zosefera zamphamvu.
Ndipo panali malo okhala m'madzi okwanira malita 50-100 okhala ndi nsomba za viviparous komanso zosavuta, nthawi zambiri zimangoyandama. Zosavuta, zotsika mtengo, zotsika mtengo.
Sindikukulimbikitsani kuti mubwerere kuzinthu zoterezi, koma sizipweteketsa kukumbukira za nsomba za viviparous. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri aiwo adaiwalika mosayenerera ndi akatswiri amadzi.
Ngati mungayang'ane m'mabuku a nthawi ya USSR pankhani yosunga aquarium, mupeza kuti pali nsomba zingapo zam'madzi za aquarium, zomwe sizinatchulidwe ngakhale pa intaneti.
Ndipo m'buku la Exotic Aquarium Fishes lolembedwa ndi William Innes (Innes Publishing Company, 1948), pali mitundu 26 yomwe yatchulidwa!
Fananizani ndi mabuku amakono omwe amalembetsa zazikulu zinayi: ma mollies, ma guppies, ma lupanga, mapepala ndi zina zonse. Ngati anthu ogwira ntchito m'madzi asunga mitundu yambiri kwazaka 60, bwanji tsopano yasinthidwa kukhala zinayi?
Chowonadi ndi chakuti awa ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, ndi kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, onyamula zamoyo wamba ochokera m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi ngati nsomba yosavuta komanso yosavuta, yoyenera oyambitsa.
Tiyeni tiwone za nsomba za viviparous zomwe tayiwala. Onsewa ndi amtendere, safuna kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti aswane, kusintha kwamadzi ndi digiri ya sayansi mu chemistry.
Amadzi odziwa bwino ntchito zam'madzi azindikira anzawo akale pakati pawo, ndipo oyamba kumene adzadziwa nsomba yatsopano, yomwe ndi yakale yakale kuiwalika.
Girardinus metallicus
Girardinus metallicus, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndichitsulo chachitsulo. Mitunduyi imachokera ku siliva kupita ku golidi, kutengera kuwala, palinso mikwingwirima yowonekera pathupi, koma imangokhala yosaoneka.
Amuna ali ndi madontho akuda pamutu, pakhosi, ndi kumapeto. Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa, koma nsomba iliyonse imafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu viviparous, akazi a Girardinus amakhala akulu kuposa amuna ndipo amakula mpaka 7 cm, pomwe amuna amakhala masentimita 3-4.
Girardinus metallicus ndi nsomba yokongola yomwe imatha kukhala mochititsa chidwi m'madzi otentha okhala ndi malita 40 kapena kupitilira apo.
Osadzitama, mwachilengedwe amakhala m'madzi amchere, koma m'madzi am'nyanja amalolera madzi abwino, olimba pang'ono.
Kutengera kukula, oyandikana nawo amafunika kusankhidwa mosamala. Nkhono za Cherry ndi nkhono za neretina, makonde ndi ma barb ang'onoang'ono, tetras, iris ndi nsomba zina zamtendere komanso zopanda mafupa ndizabwino.
Ngati mwabzala chimodzi mwazomwe zili ndi viviparous, ndiye kuti mfundozi ndizofanana pano. Poyamba, payenera kukhala akazi ambiri kuposa amuna, apo ayi amathamangitsa akazi m'njira yoti ifike pakukhumudwa.
Kenako muyenera zomera zoyandama, monga pistia. Adzakhala ndi akazi ndi mwachangu pogona. Ngakhale girardinus metallicus sasaka mwachangu, imatha kudya nsomba.
Ndipo pali mbewu zoyandama pamwamba, ndizosavuta kugwira mwachangu zomwe zimabisala mumthunzi wawo m'mawa.
Formosa (Heterandria formosa)
Si zachilendo kwa nsomba izi kuti akazi ndi abambo amafanana kwambiri. Zili siliva, zokhala ndi milozo yakuda yakuda yomwe imayenderera pakati pa thupi. Amakhalanso ndi malo akuda kumapeto kwa mchira.
Kuti mudziwe kugonana kwa formosis, munthu ayenera kuyang'ana kumapeto kwake, komwe mwa amuna amapanga gonopodia. Izi ndizofala kwa onse viviparous, mothandizidwa ndi gonopodium (yofanana ndi chubu), wamwamuna amatsogolera mkaka kwa mkazi.
Ma fomu ndi nsomba zazing'ono! Amuna samapitilira 2 cm, ndipo akazi ndi 3 cm kutalika. Ngakhale ndi yamtendere kwambiri, kukula kocheperako kumakhazikitsa malire kwa oyandikana nawo omwe a Formose amatha kusungidwa.
Ngati mukufuna aquarium yam'madzi, sankhani zitsamba zamatcheri ndi nthochi, chifukwa amafunikira zofananira. Ndi ozizira, olimba madzi komanso mbewu zambiri.
Kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira, mwachilengedwe amakhala m'madzi amchere. Mchere umathandizanso matenda a bakiteriya, koma ukhoza kukhala wopanda iwo.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yam'malo otentha, Formosa ndi mtundu wam'madera otentha ndipo amakonda madzi okhala ndi kutentha kozungulira 20C, ozizira pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira komanso otentha pang'ono nthawi yotentha.
Mufunikanso malo amphamvu komanso malo ambiri omasuka. Monga ma viviparous ena, Formosa amakonda zakudya zosakanikirana zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama ndi nyama.
Limia wamizeremizere yakuda (Limia nigrofasciata)
Ngati nsomba ziwiri zam'mbuyomu zimanyalanyazidwa ndimadzi am'madzi, ndiye kuti ma limia sawadziwa. Malaya amtundu wakuda amakhala ndi thupi lasiliva, lokhala ndi uchi, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pambali pake, kulungamitsa dzina la nsombayo.
Ndizosavuta kukhala nazo ngati ma platies, ali ofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, koma ma limias amakonda madzi ofunda pang'ono. Kutentha kuyambira 24 mpaka 26 kumakhala koyenera.
Monga ma platies, amakonda mafunde ang'onoang'ono, koma magawo amadzi amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri, ngakhale madzi olimba komanso amchere pang'ono amakonda.
Amakhala m'malo mosungiramo zinthu zochulukirapo, momwe nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi nyama zina zimangobwera mwangozi.
Ndiwotheka kwambiri, kuposa ena onyamula amoyo. Muyenera kuwasunga osachepera zidutswa 6 pa aquarium, amuna awiri ndi akazi anayi pamalita 50 amadzi. Zomera zoyandama zidzakhala zowonjezerapo, chifukwa zimapereka malo ogona a nsomba zamanyazi pang'ono komanso zamanyazi mwachangu.
Malonda akuda akuda (Limia melanogaster)
Limia yakuda-yamiyendo nthawi zina imagulitsidwa ndipo imapezeka m'mabuku. Maonekedwe ndi osinthika kwambiri, koma akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira obiriwira ndimikero yabuluu pakati pa thupi.
Amuna ndi ofanana, koma ocheperako ndipo ali ndi madontho akuda pamitu yawo ndi zipsepse. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi malo akuda akulu pamimba pawo, zomwe zimawapatsa dzina lawo.
Apanso, amafanana kukula ndi machitidwe ndi magawo. Amuna mpaka 4 cm kutalika, akazi amakhala okulirapo pang'ono komanso odzaza.
Kuswana ndichikhalidwe cha mitundu yonse ya viviparous. Mwa njira, ma limia akuda akuda amatha kupanga hybridi okhala ndi ma platies, kotero kuti musunge mtunduwo ndibwino kuti musunge mtundu umodzi wa viviparous pa aquarium.
Mollies aulere (Poecilia salvatoris)
Nsombazi zimadziwika kuti ndi nkhono, zangoyamba kumene kudziwika ngati mtundu wina, ndipo kumadzulo zikukhala zotchuka kwambiri.
Chachimuna ndi chachikazi choyera kukhala choyera ndi masikelo a lalanje ndi a buluu, koma chachikazi ndi choyera pang'ono. Makina amakula pakapita nthawi kapena kupitilira, amuna akulu amapeza zipsepse zazikulu, zoyenda panyanja ndi mitundu yowala, yolimba.
Vuto lokhalo ndiloti nthawi zambiri nsomba za viviparous zimakhala mwamtendere kwambiri, koma salvatoris, m'malo mwake, amakonda kudula zipsepse ndipo ndizosangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ili yokongola kwambiri, nsomba iyi siyoyambira ndipo ndibwino kuyiyika padera.
M'madzi ang'onoang'ono am'madzi, amuna amamenya nkhondo mosalekeza, ndipo ngakhale amuna awiri okha atakhalamo, wofowoka amenyedwa mpaka kufa.
Amayenera kusungidwa m'magulu momwe muli akazi awiri kwa wamwamuna m'modzi, kapena mwa onse amuna ndi akazi angapo.
Monga anyani ena amtundu wa mollies, mtunduwu umadya kwambiri, ndipo umadya ma flakes okhala ndi fiber bwino. Kukula kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 7 cm, ndipo akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna.
Madzi okwanira 100 litre adzakhala okwanira gulu la amuna atatu ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi. Madzi akuyenera kuphimbidwa, popeza nsomba zimatha kudumpha.
Ofiira ofiira ofiira (dermogenys spp.)
M'gulu la Dermogenys muli nsomba zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri zofanana kwambiri, zambiri zomwe zikugulitsidwa zimakhala pansi pa dzina la D. pusilla, koma kwenikweni, palibe amene amasiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake.
Mitundu yamitundu yoyera yoyera mpaka kubiriwira imvi yobiriwira, ndipo amuna amatha kukhala ofiira, achikasu, kapena akuda pamapiko awo.
Zowona, pali kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana, ndipo imodzi imatha kukhala yowala kwambiri kuposa inayo.
Amuna amachitirana nkhanza wina ndi mnzake, koma pewani ndewu mu aquarium yayikulu. Madzi okwanira 80 litre aquarium okwanira amuna atatu ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi.
Hafu ya nsomba imafuna zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya chamoyo, chomera ndi chopangira.
M'mbuyomu, theka la nsomba amawerengedwa kuti ndiosayenera kusungidwa mumadzi ambiri, koma izi sizowona. Inde, amatha kupikisana ndi nsomba mukamadyetsa, koma mphamba, acanthophthalmus ndi nsomba zina zapansi zimatha kutengedwa.
Mwa njira, amakhala olumpha kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuphimba aquarium!
Kuswana ndikofanana ndi ma viviparous ena, mkazi amabereka mwachangu masabata atatu kapena anayi atakwatirana. Mwachangu ndi yayikulu, 4-5 mm, ndipo imatha kudya zotetemera bwino, brine shrimp nauplii, microworms ngakhale daphnia yaying'ono. Koma, amakonda kusabereka akakula.
Akatswiri azamadzi akuwona kuti poyamba akazi amabala 20 mwachangu, ndiye kuti chiwerengerocho chimachepa ndikutha. Ndikofunika kuti mibadwo ingapo ya dermogenis ikhale mu aquarium.
Ameca (Ameca amawoneka bwino)
Maonekedwe ovuta, popeza ma Amecs onyezimira amakonda kudula zipsepse zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti ndi nsomba zokha zokhala ndi zipsepse zophimba zokhazokha kapena zochedwa kugwa zomwe zimagawidwa, amatha kuthamangitsa makonde!
Amek amatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zina, koma ayenera kukhala mitundu yofulumira monga zitsamba kapena minga. Kupatula kuti amadula zipsepse zawo, amuna nawonso salekerera.
Ndizoseketsa kuti khalidweli limapezeka kwambiri mumchere wamchere, mwachilengedwe amalekerera.
Ndiye ndi zabwino zotani? Ndizosavuta, izi ndi nsomba zokongola, zosangalatsa. Akazi ndi oterera okhala ndi madontho akuda, amuna ndi amtundu wa turquoise, wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Amuna akuluakulu ndi owala kuposa ena.
Amayi amabala pafupifupi 20 mwachangu, zazikulu, mpaka 5mm kutalika. Izi mwachangu ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa ma neon okhwima ogonana omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto!
Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimanyalanyaza mwachangu, motero zimakula ndikupanga sukulu ndi makolo awo.
Kukonza kwake ndikosavuta, chifukwa ma limias amafunikira aquarium yamalita 120 kapena kupitilira apo, ndi madzi olimba komanso mphamvu yamphamvu. Kutentha kwa zomwe zili pa 23 C.
Amakhala bwino m'magulu akulu, pomwe pali akazi awiri aamuna m'modzi, komanso amuna anayi okha, kuti apewe ndewu.
Adyetseni ndi tirigu wambiri, koma masamba atsopano ndi udzu wofewa wokhala ndi duckweed zithandiza osusukawa kudikirira nthawi pakati pa chakudya.
Mwa njira, m'chilengedwe, ma limias atsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa chake mumasunga chilengedwe ndikuthandizira mitunduyo kukhalabe ndi moyo.
Mapeto
Uku ndikuwonanso mwachidule za nsomba za viviparous, zomwe sizodziwika masiku ano. Ndikosavuta kuwona kuti onse ndiwodzichepetsa, osangalatsa komanso osazolowereka.
Aliyense yemwe muli, woyamba kuyang'ana kuti ayese dzanja lanu pa nsomba zolimba kapena katswiri wamadzi, nthawi zonse mumakhala nsomba za viviparous zomwe mumakonda.
