Bengal paka ndi nyama yakutchire komanso chiweto
Dzina bengal paka amavalidwa ndi zolengedwa ziwiri: mphaka woweta komanso wolusa yemwe amakhala kumadera akumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Asia. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, nyama zonse ziwiri zimatchedwa kambuku. Mphaka wamtchire wa Bengal adayamba kuweta zaka 5,000 zapitazo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kafukufuku wofukulidwa m'mabwinja omwe adachitika mdera lachi China la Shaanxi ndi Henan.
Nthawi yachiwiri yomwe kambuku amakhala ndi ziweto anali mzaka za m'ma 80 zam'ma 2000. Wolemba zanyama waku America a Mill Jane amaliza ntchito yawo yopanga mtundu wosakanizidwa wamphaka wamtchire wa Bengal komanso munthu wamba. Mphaka wosakanizidwa wotchedwa Bengal cat amadziwika ndi mabungwe ambiri azachipembedzo ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lachidule la: Bengal.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kunyumba bengal cat kujambulidwa amawoneka ngati wachibale wakutchire. Kukula kwake kumasiyana pang'ono. Makulidwe amatengera dera lokhalamo. Amphaka a Leopard omwe amakhala kumadera otentha amalemera 1 mpaka 3.5 kg, kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyanasiyana 40 mpaka 65 cm.
Mchira muzithunzi zazing'ono umafikira masentimita 17, muzinthu zazikulu - masentimita 31. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ku Far East, Siberia ndi China ndizokulirapo. Kulemera kwa amphaka aku Bengal aku Siberia kumafika makilogalamu 7. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala masentimita 75. Kutalika mpaka pamwamba pamapewa kumafikira masentimita 42.
Mtundu waukulu wa khungu umafanana ndi dzina la mphaka - kusindikiza kambuku. Pamutu wawung'ono, waukhondo, woboola pakati, pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yaying'ono. Masharubu, masaya ndi zibwano ndizoyera. Makutuwo ndi achikulire kukula ndi nsonga zozungulira.
Chikhalidwe chonse cha ubweyawo ndi wachikasu-bulauni. Thupi ndi ziwalo zimadziwika ndi mawanga osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. Kumbuyo kwake, mizere 2-4 yamalo ophatikizika amapezeka. Chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zoyera.
Mchira ndi wautali wapakatikati, wokutidwa ndi mphete zingapo zosadziwika, mathero ake ndi akuda. Mitundu yamitundu yamphaka zakutchire ndi yopanda tanthauzo, koma mtundu wosakanizidwawo ali ndi kambuku wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ndi kusiyanasiyana.
Mitundu
Gulu la amphaka amtundu wa Bengal likulongosoleredwa pakadali pano. Mu 2017, kukonza kwina kwachidziwitso cha taxonomic kunachitika. Pakadali pano mitundu iwiri ya nyama izi yadziwika. Gawoli lidakhazikitsidwa potengera zidziwitso zachilengedwe, madera, kusiyanasiyana kwa mayendedwe, komanso kuwunika kwa ma molekyulu.
- Mphaka wa kambuku ku Mainland (dzina la makina: Prionailurus bengalensis). Nyama zamtundu wosankhazi ndizofala m'nkhalango za India ndi Pakistan, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China.
- Mphaka wa Sundaland kapena Javanese (Prionailurus javanensis) amakhala pazilumba: Java, Bali, Borneo, Sumatra, Palawana, Negros, Cebu, Panaya.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri, ma subspecies awiri asiyanitsidwa ndi magulu odziyimira pawokha a taxonomic.
- Zigawo zazing'ono zamphaka waku India (dzina lamachitidwe: Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis). Amayambira ku South ndi East Asia, kuchokera ku Pakistan mpaka China komanso mwina ku Malay Peninsula.
- Zigawo zakutchire za Amur kapena Far Eastern cat (dzina ladzina: Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura) zimachokera ku Russia Far East ndi Manchuria. Amakhalanso ku Peninsula ya Korea, Taiwan, ndi zilumba zina za Far East.
Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zamoyo amagwiritsa ntchito amphaka akale a Bengal, momwe amakhulupirira kuti pali mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umakhala ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi. Kwa ziweto zomwe zili ndi magawo a taxonomic, zonse ndizosavuta. Olembetsa okha bengal paka mtundu... Koma njira yopezera mitundu yosakanizidwa ikupitilira.
Pamodzi ndi kusankha komwe mukufuna, ana osakonzekera amabadwa. Pamapeto pake, mayendedwe onse awiri, omwe amakonzedwa mosasunthika, ayenera kutsogolera ku mitundu ndi magulu amitundu yokhala ndi zinthu zokhazikika. Zotsatira zina zakwaniritsidwa kale. Zovala zaubweya zitha kukhala zamitundu iwiri:
- mawanga, ndi rosette;
- nsangalabwi kapena nsangalabwi (kuchokera ku English marble - marble).
Chofunikira chachikulu pachithunzichi ndikumveka bwino, kusiyana poyerekeza ndi zakumbuyo. Zotheka mtundu wa amphaka a bengal lolembedwa ndi International Feline Association:
- tabby bulauni ndi siliva (mizere);
- chipale chofewa (chipale chofewa chofiirira), mink wachisanu (chipale chofewa chokhala ndi kulocha kwa golide), ulalo wachisanu (kirimu wofewa);
- makala (akuda kwambiri, pafupifupi akuda);
- buluu.
Mitundu yomwe imakhalapo chifukwa cha ubweya wa amphaka a kambuku imalimbikitsa oweta kuti apitilize kuswana komweko.
Chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo
Wild Predator - mawu awiriwa amafotokoza bwino bengal cat khalidwekukhala momasuka. Pakuswana mtundu wosakanizidwa, obereketsa mwakhama adasiya zizolowezi za nyama. Zinatheka. Amphaka amtundu wa kambuku amafanana pang'ono ndi makolo awo.
Chikhalidwe cha ziweto zimakhudzidwa ndi momwe zimasamalidwira. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungasankhe: m'nyumba pafupi ndi mwininyumba ndi banja lake, kapena mnyumba ya ndege. Poyamba, mphalapalayo amakula kuti azitha kulumikizana, kuwongolera komanso ochezeka. Pankhani yachiwiri, kukonda ufulu kungapambane.
Ndi mtundu uliwonse wazomwe zilipo, zikhalidwe zina zoyipa zimatsalira. Kukula ndi dongosolo langwiro sizipezeka m'nyumba momwe nyalugwe ang'ono amakhala. Zachidziwikire, cholengedwa ichi sichabwino kucheza ndi agogo omwe amakonda kupatula nthawi yopuma akuluka.
Amphaka, kuwonjezera pazomwe amakanda zachikhalidwe, amafunikira kufikira malo okwera. Chifukwa chake, mashelufu akumwamba sayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zosweka kapena zamtengo wapatali.
Mbali ina ya Bengal ndi chikondi chawo cholankhulana bwino. Nthawi zambiri amayeretsa, kutsuka, kulira, kulira pakapita nthawi. Potengera mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga, ndi akatswiri omveka pakati pa ma fining.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Kusamalira nyalugwe wapakhomo kumasiyana pang'ono ndi kusunga mitundu ina ya mphaka. Ukhondo ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira. Imayamba ndi thireyi. Mwana wamphaka akawoneka mnyumba, samalani momwe amakhudzidwira ndi kudzaza.
Pazifukwa zina (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha fungo), zinyalala sizingafanane ndi mwana wamphaka, amayamba kupewa thireyi, ndi zotsatirapo zake zonse. Tileyi yokhala ndi mbali zazitali komanso zapamwamba, zosintha munthawi yake zimalola kuti nyamayo ikhale yomasuka, komanso mwini wake kuti apewe zovuta zosafunikira.
Chovala cha ubweya wa amphaka a Bengal sichinthu chongochita ubweya wokha, koma ndichizindikiro cha thanzi lawo. Amphaka amtunduwu alibe nyengo yotchulidwa molt. Njira yakukonzanso ubweya pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kutsuka mphaka kamodzi pa sabata ndikwanira. Chisamaliro chilichonse chanyama, kupatula chisamaliro chaukhondo, chimakhalanso ndi phindu m'maganizo, cholimbitsa ubale pakati pa mwini wake ndi chiweto.
Amphaka amatha kukhetsa mwamphamvu posintha ubweya wawo wamwamuna kukhala wamkulu. Amphaka achikulire amasintha kwambiri malaya awo akakhala pamavuto kwanthawi yayitali kapena akadwala. Zikatero, simungachite popanda veterinor.
Ngati bengal paka kapena kuti mphaka sapangidwira kubala ana, nyamayo iyenera kutayidwa idakalipo. Ntchito yosavuta iyi ikupulumutsirani kuzunzika kosafunikira kwa nyama ndi eni ake.
Zakudya zabwino
Amphaka a Leopard ndi adani 100%. Kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono, makoswe ndi mbewa ndi imodzi mwazochita zamphaka izi. Amphaka amagwira cholengedwa chilichonse chosadutsa Makulidwe amphaka a Bengal... Zinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ngakhale tizilombo zimasokonekera. Amphaka amtchire amadyetsa zikho zomwe amapeza. Ziweto zimachita izi kuti zisangalale.
Amphaka a Bengal samasewera ndi zikho zawo. Akamugwira, amamugwira m'makola ake, ndikumunyamula mpaka pansi mpaka womwalirayo afa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa amphaka nthawi zambiri amagwira mbalame, ndipo kusewera nawo kumawopseza kutaya nyama.
Malo osaka amphaka amtchire ndi 10-15 mita mita. Km. M'mphaka zoweta, malo osakira amafikira nyumba yonse, ndipo zinthu zilizonse zoyenera komanso zosayenera zimatenga zikho.
Makampani amakono azakudya amapangira zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana amphaka a Bengal. Komabe, akatswiri amati kudyetsa nyama mwachilengedwe.
Mphaka ndi mphaka wamkulu sayenera kukhala ndi phala pazosankha. Bengal ndi zolengedwa zokonda kudya, matupi awo sangathe kuyika chimanga chamtundu uliwonse. Nyama ndi mafupa ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pazakudya za mphaka zosaphika. Zakudya zophikidwa zomanga thupi zimataya zakudya zake ndipo zimatha kukhumudwitsa m'mimba ndi m'mimba.
Mafupa a tubular ndi mdani wina wa chimbudzi. Kupanda kutero, mafupa, mafupa ndi zopindika ndi chinthu cholandirika kukongola kwa Bengali. Amalandira kashiamu ndi collagen, amatsuka ndi kuphunzitsa zida za nsagwada. Khosi ndi mutu wa mbalame ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha gawo la mafupa la zakudya.
Mitundu yambiri ya nyama ndiyabwino nyalugwe zoweta: nkhuku, nkhumba, ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa. Pafupifupi nyama iliyonse yofiira komanso yowonda ndiyabwino. Nyama yoyera ya nkhuku kapena Turkey ilibe phindu panyama yolimbitsa thupi.
Mpaka 30-40% yazakudya zonse ziyenera kukhala zopanda nyama. Mtima, mapapo, matumbo avian ndi oyenera. Chiwindi ndichofunikanso, koma kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 5% yazakudya zonse: mavitamini A owonjezera amatha kuwononga mphaka.Impso ndi chinthu choyenera kwa mphaka, koma chitha kuletsa kununkhiza koipa kochokera pagululi.
Nyama ndi zophika zomwe zikuphatikizidwa sizimasandulika nyama yosungunuka ndipo sizimatumikiridwa kamodzi. Kudula mzidutswa kukula kwa bokosi lamachesi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yathanzi.
Nsomba si chakudya chachilengedwe cha amphaka a kambuku. Koma mitundu yake yamafuta ndiyabwino kudya nyama. Wozizira, kuti athetse tiziromboti, tophika mopepuka, tosiyanitsidwa ndi mafupa, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'm mbale za ziweto.
Pali njira ziwiri zopezera a Bengal: kudyetsa mono ndi kudyetsa nyama osakaniza. Chofunika cha njirazi ndi chosavuta. Pakakhala chakudya chamagulu, nyama imapatsidwa nyama yamtundu umodzi pakudya kamodzi. Kupanda kutero, amaphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya nyama. Njira ziwirizi ndizovomerezeka. Pankhani ya mono-Nutrition, zimakhala zotheka kudziwa kuti ndi nyama iti yomwe katsiyo imachita zoipa.
Masamba owonjezeredwa pachakudya cha nyama amachulukitsa matumbo kuyenda ndipo amathandizira kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zakudya zosafunika kwenikweni kuzilombo zimadyedwa ndi amphaka mosangalala.
Pamene mphaka akukula, unyinji wa zinthu ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10% ya kulemera kwake. Nyama yayikulu sayenera kudya zoposa 3-5% ya kulemera kwake. Zakudyazi zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, kuphatikiza katatu. Mosiyana ndi agalu, amphaka nthawi zambiri amadya kuposa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amafunikira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yoberekera amphaka a kambuku wakutchire imadalira nyengo yomwe amakhala. M'madera otentha kwambiri, azimayi amatha kubereka ana chaka chonse. M'madera otentha kwambiri, amphaka amabadwa mchaka.
Mimba imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo masiku 65-70 patatha masiku 2-3 ana amphaka. Ndikosatheka kukula ana ochulukirapo mwachilengedwe. Amphaka amabadwa akhungu, amalemera magalamu 80-120. Amatha pakatha milungu iwiri.
Ali ndi mwezi umodzi, mayina okhazikika amawoneka, ndipo mphaka amayamba kudya nyama. Pakadutsa miyezi itatu amawonetsa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha. Amakula ndikulekana ndi amayi awo akadzakwanitsa chaka chimodzi. Pamsinkhu uwu, nyama zazing'ono zimatha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndikubala ana.
Kukhala ndi mphaka woweta nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosankha ana. Ali wamng'ono kwambiri, mphaka ndi wosawilitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wabwinobwino kwa mwini wake komanso kukhalapo kwanyama.
Kuswana amphaka a Bengal- Ili ndiye gawo la obereketsa akatswiri. Atakwanitsa zaka 8-9 miyezi itatu ndikulemera makilogalamu 2-2.5, amayamba kusaka. Amphaka amakula miyezi 9-10. Nthawi yovuta imayamba m'moyo wa nyama.
Mphaka wa kambuku nthawi zambiri amabweretsa ana amphaka 3-4, nthawi zina amakhala ocheperako. Amphaka ochepa m'ng'onoting'ono amachitika chifukwa choyandikira makolo awo achilengedwe. Kutalika kwa amphaka amtchire a Bengal sikufika zaka 10. Amphaka apakhomo amakhala ndi moyo wautali: zaka 12-13.
Mtengo
Amphaka am'nyumba a Bengal ndi mtundu womwe ungatchulidwe kuti ndi wosowa komanso wosowa. Mtengo wa zitsanzo zamtundu uliwonse ukhoza kufika masauzande angapo ngakhale ngakhale masauzande masauzande.
Amphaka ndi okongola kwambiri ndipo amakupangitsani kufuna kuwagula. Ngati Mtengo wamphaka wa Bengal zilipo, mukufunikirabe kukumbukira kuti nyama yogwira iyi imafuna kusamalira kosavuta, koma koyenera.
