Galu wa Bernese Mountain kapena Galu wa Bernese Shepherd (Berner Sennenhund, English Bernese Mountain Galu) ndi mtundu wawukulu, imodzi mwamagulu anayi a Mountain Agalu obadwira ku Swiss Alps.
Dzinalo Sennenhund limachokera ku Germany Senne - alpine meadow ndi Hund - galu, popeza anali anzawo abusa. Bern ndi dzina lachifumu ku Switzerland. Agalu Akumapiri a Bernese ali ndi mbiriyakale, amawerengedwa kuti ndi ana achichepere, chifukwa adadziwika kovomerezeka mu 1907.
Zolemba
- Berns amakonda kukhala ndi banja lawo, ndipo amavutika ngati angaiwale, osawamvera.
- Ndiabwino, koma agalu akulu ndipo ndi ovuta kuwalamulira atakula. Ndikofunikira kutenga maphunziro omvera ndi mayanjano oyenera mwana wagalu akadali wamng'ono.
- Amakonda ana ndipo amakhala nawo bwino. Koma musaiwale kuti iyi ndi galu wamkulu, musasiye ana ang'ono osasamaliridwa.
- Sachita nkhanza kwa agalu, amphaka, kapena alendo ena. Koma, zambiri zimadalira pamakhalidwe ndi mayanjano.
- Berns ali ndi mavuto ambiri azaumoyo chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo kwa majini komanso kuswana. Kutalika kwa moyo wawo ndi waufupi, pafupifupi zaka 8, ndipo chithandizo ndiokwera mtengo.
- Amakhetsa kwambiri, makamaka nthawi yophukira komanso masika. Ngati mukukwiyitsidwa ndi tsitsi lagalu pamipando, ndiye kuti agalu siinu.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Ndizovuta kunena za komwe mtunduwo unayambira, chifukwa chitukuko chidachitika pomwe kunalibe zolembedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, amasungidwa ndi alimi omwe amakhala kumadera akutali. Koma, zina zasungidwa.
Amadziwika kuti adachokera kumadera a Bern ndi Dürbach ndipo amalumikizana ndi mitundu ina: Great Swiss, Appenzeller Mountain Dog ndi Entlebucher. Amadziwika kuti Swiss Shepherds kapena Mountain Agalu ndipo amasiyanasiyana kukula ndi kutalika kwa malaya. Pali kusagwirizana pakati pa akatswiri pankhani yoti apatsidwe gulu liti. Mmodzi amawasankha ngati Molossians, ena monga Molossians, ndipo ena monga Schnauzers.
Agalu akumapiri oweta akhala ku Switzerland kwanthawi yayitali, koma pomwe Aroma adalanda dzikolo, adabwera ndi agalu awo ankhondo. Lingaliro lodziwika ndilakuti agalu am'deralo adalumikizana ndi ma molossians ndipo adadzutsa Agalu Akumapiri.
Izi ndizotheka kwambiri, koma mitundu yonse inayi imasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Molossian ndipo mitundu ina idatenganso gawo pakupanga kwawo.
Pinschers ndi Schnauzers akhala m'mafuko olankhula Chijeremani kuyambira kale. Amasaka tizirombo, komanso anali agalu olondera. Zing'onozing'ono sizikudziwika za komwe adachokera, koma ayenera kuti adasamukira ku Germany wakale ku Europe.
Pamene Roma idagwa, mafuko awa adalanda madera omwe kale anali a Roma. Chifukwa chake agalu adalowa m'mapiri a Alps ndikusakanikirana ndi am'deralo, chifukwa chake, m'magazi a Agalu a Phiri pali kusakanikirana kwa Pinschers ndi Schnauzers, komwe adalandira mtundu wa tricolor.
Popeza Alps ndi ovuta kufikako, Agalu ambiri am'mapiri adayamba kukhala okhaokha. Amafanana, ndipo akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti onse adachokera ku Galu Wamkulu waku Switzerland. Poyamba adapangidwa kuti aziteteza ziweto, koma popita nthawi, zolusa zidathamangitsidwa, ndipo abusa adawaphunzitsa kuyang'anira ziweto.
Sennenhunds adathana ndi ntchitoyi, koma alimiwo sanafunike agalu akulu chonchi pazolinga izi. Ku Alps, kuli mahatchi ochepa, chifukwa chamtunda komanso chakudya chochepa, ndipo agalu akulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu, makamaka m'minda yaying'ono. Chifukwa chake, Agalu a Swiss Shepherd adatumikira anthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Zigwa zambiri ku Switzerland ndizopatukana, makamaka asanafike mayendedwe amakono. Mitundu yambiri ya Mountain Dog idawoneka, inali yofanana, koma m'malo osiyanasiyana ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndipo amasiyana kukula ndi malaya atali. Panthawi ina panali mitundu yambiri, ngakhale inali ndi dzina lomweli.
Pamene kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri kunkadutsa pang'onopang'ono m’mapiri a Alps, abusa anakhalabe njira zochepa zonyamulira katundu mpaka 1870. Pang'onopang'ono, kusintha kwa mafakitale kudafika kumadera akutali a dzikolo. Matekinoloje atsopano alowa m'malo agalu.
Ndipo ku Switzerland, mosiyana ndi mayiko ena aku Europe, kunalibe mabungwe a canine oteteza agalu. Kalabu yoyamba idapangidwa mu 1884 kuti isunge St. Bernards ndipo poyambilira sanawonetse chidwi ndi Agalu a Phiri. Pofika koyambirira kwa ma 1900, ambiri aiwo anali atatsala pang'ono kutha.
Mtundu wa agalu osungidwa kwambiri okhala ku canton ya Bern. Zinali zazikulu, zazitali tsitsi ndi zonyezimira. Nthawi zambiri ankakumana ku Dyurbach ndipo amatchedwa Durrbachhunds kapena Durrbachlers.
Pofika nthawiyo, obereketsa ena adazindikira kuti ngati sangasunge mtunduwo, umangosowa. Mwa awa, odziwika kwambiri anali Franz Schentrelib ndi Albert Heim.
Ndiwo omwe adayamba kusonkhanitsa agalu omwazikana omwe amakhala m'zigwa pafupi ndi Bern. Agaluwa adapezeka pazowonetsa agalu mu 1902, 1904, ndi 1907. Mu 1907, oweta angapo adapanga Schweizerische Durrbach-Klub. Cholinga cha kalabu chinali kusunga mtundu ndi chiyero, kukulitsa kutchuka ndi chidwi.
Chidwi ndi agalu a nkhosa a Bernese adakula pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikizika. Pofika 1910, agalu 107 adalembetsedwa, ndipo patatha zaka zingapo gululi lidasintha dzina la mtunduwo kuchokera ku Dürbachler kukhala Galu wa Bernese Mountain.
Cholinga sichinali kungomulekanitsa ndi Sennenhund winayo, komanso kuwonetsa kulumikizana kwake ndi likulu la Switzerland. Ndipo iyi ndi nkhani yothandiza, agalu amakhala otchuka kwambiri pakati pa a Sennenhunds ena ndipo ndi oyamba kupita kunja. Chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa Swiss Kennel Club ndi Schweizerische Durrbach-Klub, mtunduwo unapulumutsidwa.
Mu 1936, obereketsa aku Britain adayamba kuitanitsa akalulu abusa a Bernese ndipo ana agalu oyamba kuwoneka mdzikolo. Chaka chomwecho, Glen Shadow amabweretsa ana agalu ku Louisiana (USA) ndipo amawalembetsa. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse idalepheretsa kukula kwa mitundu ku Europe, koma osati ku United States.
Bernese Mountain Dog Club idapangidwa ku America mu 1968 ndipo idakhala ndi mamembala 62 ndi agalu 43 omwe adalembetsa. Pambuyo pazaka zitatu, gululi lidali kale ndi mamembala oposa 100. AKC idazindikira mtunduwu mu 1981 ndipo idatenga gawo lomaliza mu 1990.
Kufotokozera
Bernese ndi yofanana ndi Agalu Ena Akumapiri, koma ali ndi chovala chachitali. Galu waku Bernese Mountain ndi mtundu wawukulu, amuna amafika mpaka kufota masentimita 64-70, akazi 58-66 cm. Mulingo wamtunduwu sukufotokoza kulemera koyenera, koma nthawi zambiri amuna amalemera 35-55 kg, akazi 35-45 kg.
Ndi wandiweyani, koma osakwanira, thupi ndilofanana. Pansi pa malaya akuda pali minofu yotukuka, agalu ndi olimba kwambiri. Mchira wawo ndi wautali komanso wonyezimira, wolowera kumapeto.
Mutuwu uli pakhosi lakuda komanso lamphamvu, silikulu kwambiri, koma ndi lamphamvu kwambiri. Mphuno imawonekera, koma poyimilira ndiyosalala, popanda kusintha kwakuthwa. Milomo imakanikizika kwambiri, malovu samatuluka. Maso ake ndi owoneka ngati amondi, amabulawuni.
Makutuwo ndi amtundu wa makona atatu ndipo ndi achikulire pakati, amagwa pansi galu atamasuka ndikukula atakhala tcheru. Maganizo a Bernese Sheepdog ndiwanzeru komanso wolingalira bwino.
Kuchokera pamitundu ina yayikulu, monga Sennenhund wina, a Bernese amadziwika ndi ubweya wawo. Ili ndi mbali imodzi, yowala mwachilengedwe, imatha kukhala yowongoka, yopingasa kapena china chapakati. Chovalacho ndi chachitali, ngakhale akatswiri ambiri amachitcha kuti chachitali. Ndizofupikitsa pang'ono pamutu, pamphuno ndi kutsogolo kwa miyendo. Mchira wawo ndiwofewa kwambiri.
Mtundu wokhawo wololedwa kwa Galu Wamapiri wa Bernese ndi tricolor. Mtundu waukuluwo ndi wakuda, woyera ndi wofiira mawanga amabalalika pamwamba pake, ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi osiyana. Kufiira kofiira kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa diso lililonse, pachifuwa, miyendo komanso pansi pa mchira. Nthawi zina ana agalu amabadwa ndi mitundu ina, ndipo ndiabwino ngati ziweto, koma sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa.
Khalidwe
Kutchuka kwakukula kwa berns kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo kuposa kukongola kwawo ndi mafashoni. Malinga ndi mtundu wa mtundu, mawonekedwe ndiofunika kuposa akunja, ndipo ziweto zodalirika zimangobweretsa agalu odekha komanso abwino. Eni ake amapembedza Agalu Awo Akumapiri ndipo alendo awo achita chidwi.
Agalu omwe ali ndi banja labwino amakhala odekha komanso osadziwikiratu, pomwe mestizo ndi osiyana pamakhalidwe. Mutha kufotokoza khalidweli m'mawu - chimphona chodwala.
Amakhala okhulupirika komanso okhulupirika, amamvetsetsa bwino za eni ake ndipo amamugwirizana. Eni ake amavomereza kuti ubale wa Bern ndiye wolimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi agalu ena.
Amalumikizidwa ndi munthu m'modzi, koma iyi si mtundu wa agalu omwe amanyalanyaza ena onse, amakhala ogwirizana ndi anthu onse. Amakhulupirira kuti adzakwanira pa maondo awo, zomwe sizimasangalatsa galu akalemera makilogalamu oposa 50.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yopanda mabanja, Galu Wam'mapiri a Bernese amakhala bwino ndi alendo. Monga galu woponyedwa miyala, anali atazolowera kuthana ndi phokoso ndi misika yamisika yomwe katundu ankatumizidwa.
Amagwirizana moyenera, ndi ochezeka komanso aulemu kwa alendo, molakwika - mwamantha komanso amanjenje, koma samachita nkhanza. Agalu amanyazi komanso amanyazi ndi osayenera kwa obereketsa omwe amafunika kukhala ndi galu wolimba mtima komanso wodekha nthawi zonse.
Zimphona zazikuluzikuluzi zimatha kukhala agalu olondera, okuwa mofuula mokweza kuti aletse wololeyo. Koma, ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu, samakumana ndiukali, kukuwa m'malo mokonda kulangiza.
Chifukwa chake, ndikudzikuza, alendo angalowe m'gawolo. Chilichonse chimasintha, ngati Bern awona kuti china chake kapena winawake akuwopseza banja, ndiye kuti sangayimitsidwe.
Amakonda makamaka ana, amakhala ofewa nawo, ngakhale ang'ono kwambiri, ndipo amawakhululukira zoyipa zonse. Nthawi zambiri, mwana ndi Galu waku Bernese Mountain ndi abwenzi apamtima. Ngati mukufuna galu wodekha komanso wamakhalidwe abwino, koma nthawi yomweyo wolumikizidwa ndi mabanja ndi ana, ndiye kuti simudzapeza mtundu wabwino.
Berns amakhala bwino ndi nyama zina, zambiri zimasamalira agalu ena mwamtendere, monga kampani. Kulamulira, madera komanso kupsyinjika kwa zakudya sizomwe amachita.
Ngakhale kukula kwake, amatha kukhala ndi galu wamtundu uliwonse, koma mayanjano ndiomwe akutenga gawo lofunikira pankhaniyi.
Amuna ena amatha kukhala achiwawa kwa amuna anzawo, ngakhale izi sizomwe zimachitika pamtunduwo. Nthawi zambiri, khalidweli limachitika chifukwa chakusagwirizana ndi kunyalanyaza kulera.
Ndizomveka kuti ali ndi chibadwa chofooka chosaka, ndipo amakhala mwamtendere ndi nyama zina. Agalu onse amatha kuthamangitsa nyama, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri pamtunduwu. Makhalidwe awo ofatsa amawapangitsa kukhala nyama ya amphaka amasewera komanso amphaka, ndipo amakonda kuthawa mpira wamakani.
Kukula ndi kulimba kwa Galu wa ku Mountain Mountain wa Bernese zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowopsa kwa nyama zina. Ndipo, ngakhale mwachilengedwe ali okoma mtima, mayanjano ndi kuleredwa moyenera akadali kofunikira!
Berns siangokhala anzeru chabe, amaphunzitsidwanso bwino, amatha kuchita maphunziro ena monga changu ndi kumvera, komanso, kukoka zolemera. Amayesetsa kukondweretsa mwiniwake, kuphunzira mosangalala ndikumvera. Eni ake omwe amadziwa zomwe akufuna apeza galu wophunzitsidwa komanso wodekha ngati atayesetsa.
Agalu a Phiri la Bernese ndi omvera kuposa agalu ena, koma amalumikizana bwino ndi eni ake omwe amakondedwa ndi kulemekezedwa. Ngati si mtsogoleri amene amapereka malamulowo, ndiye amawayankha pang'onopang'ono.
Komabe, amakhalabe omvera, osamalika komanso ochepera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya izi kapena zazing'ono. Sakonda mwano ndi kunyalanyaza, chikondi, chidwi ndi kukondoweza kwabwino kumatha kuchita zambiri.
Ngakhale siziwononga, zimatha kukhala zoterozo ngati zitatopa. Chabwino, galu wa msinkhu ndi mphamvu izi akayamba kukukuta ndi kuthyola ... Pofuna kupewa khalidweli, ndikwanira kutsegula bern m'maganizo ndi mwathupi. Kulimba mtima, kuyenda, kuthamanga, kukoka ndi kugwera kudzagwira ntchito bwino.
Amasewera, makamaka ndi ana, koma sakonda masewera ataliatali. M'nyengo yathu pali mwayi, chifukwa amakonda kusewera chisanu, zomwe sizosadabwitsa galu wobadwira ku Alps.
Pali mfundo yomwe iyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikusewera. Monga agalu ambiri okhala pachifuwa, Agalu a Bernese Mountain amatha kufa ndi volvulus ngati atapanikizika atangodya.
Chidwi chachikulu chimayenera kuperekedwa kwa ana agalu, amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa mitundu ina yathupi komanso m'maganizo. Mwana wagalu wagalu waku Bernese Mountain agalu amakhala wamkulu zaka ziwiri ndi theka zokha. Mafupa awo amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo kupsinjika kwakukulu kumatha kubweretsa kuvulala komanso kulemala. Eni ake akuyenera kukhala osamala pogawana ntchito zambiri komanso osachulukitsa ana agalu.
Chisamaliro
Kudzikongoletsa kumatenga nthawi, koma osati zochuluka, ndikwanira kutsuka malaya kangapo pamlungu. Poganizira kukula kwa galu, zitha kudya nthawi.
Ngakhale kuti malayawo ndi oyera komanso osadetsedwa, amathira pansi ndipo amatha kupindika. Pokhapokha ngati eni ake akufuna kudula agalu awo nthawi yotentha, safunikira kudzikongoletsa konse.
Koma amakhetsa mwamphamvu, ubweya umatha kuphimba makoma, pansi ndi makalapeti. Amagwa kuchokera mu magulu, kuphatikiza zothandizira, koma osati kwambiri. M'nthawi yosintha, Agalu Aku Bernese Mountain adakhuthula kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kawiri pachaka, kenako mtambo waubweya umawatsatira.
Ngati wina m'banja mwanu akudwala chifuwa, ndiye kuti ichi sichabwino kwambiri pakati pa mitundu. Komanso siabwino kwa anthu aukhondo kapena aukhondo omwe amakwiya ndi tsitsi la galu.
Monga mitundu ina, ana agalu a Bern amafunika kuphunzitsidwa kutsuka, madzi ndi lumo kuyambira ali aang'ono. Zodekha komanso zofatsa, ndizazikulu komanso zamphamvu. Ngati sakonda njira zake, ndiye kuti ndizovuta kuzisunga. Ndikosavuta kuphunzitsa mwana wagalu wa makilogalamu 5 kuposa galu wamkulu wa 50 kg.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa m'makutu chifukwa amatha kudziunjikira mabakiteriya, dothi ndi madzi, zomwe zimabweretsa kutupa ndi matenda.
Zaumoyo
Galu Wamapiri a Bernese amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wopanda thanzi. Amakhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi kochepa pomwe amatha kudwala kwambiri. Ambiri mwa matendawa amachitika chifukwa choswana mosasamala posaka ndalama.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa Berns ku United States kwatsika kuyambira 10-12 mpaka 6-7 zaka, kokha mzaka zaposachedwa. Kafukufuku m'maiko ena sanalandire ziwerengero zabwino, zaka 7-8.
Agalu ochokera kwa obereketsa abwino amakhala moyo wautali, komabe amachoka msanga kuposa mitundu ina. Ngakhale mitundu yonse yayikulu imakhala yochepa, Ma Sheepdogs a Bernese amakhala zaka 1-4 kuposa agalu ofanana. Ndiabwino komanso okoma mtima, koma akhale okonzekera mavuto azaumoyo komanso moyo wawufupi.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri omwe amapezeka ndi khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda njira zake zosiyanasiyana. Kafukufuku ku United States awonetsa kuti oposa 50% a Agalu Akumapiri a Bernese amwalira ndi khansa, poyerekeza ndi 27% pafupifupi m'mitundu ina.
Agalu, monga mwa anthu, khansa nthawi zambiri imakhala matenda okhudzana ndi zaka. Koma, Agalu Akumapiri ndizosiyana. Amavutika nawo ali ndi zaka 4, nthawi zina azaka ziwiri, ndipo pambuyo pa 9 atsala pang'ono kupita! Amakhala ndi khansa pafupifupi mitundu yonse, koma lymphatic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, ndi Langerhans cell histiocytosis ndizofala kwambiri.
Berns amakhalanso ndi mavuto akulu ndi matenda amtundu wa mafupa. Amavutika ndi iwo katatu kuposa mitundu ina.
Dysplasia ndi nyamakazi, zomwe zimachitika akadali aang'ono, ndizofala kwambiri, ndizosachiritsika, mutha kungopeputsa njirayo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti 11% ya Berns amakhala ndi nyamakazi kuyambira zaka 4.5.
