Black Russian Terrier (English Russian Black Terrier) kapena galu wa Stalin (yemwenso ndi RCHT, Chernysh) ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka munyumba ya Krasnaya Zvezda kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, koyambirira kwa zaka za 50 pazantchito ndi zankhondo. Ngakhale adatchulidwadi, ndiwotchinga pang'ono, chifukwa mitundu yoposa 17 idachita nawo kuwoloka.
Zolemba
- Ma RFTs amabadwira kuti azigwira ntchito ndipo amafunikira ntchito, popanda iyo amakhala osasangalala. Ngati iyi si galu wothandizira, koma mnzake, ndiye kuti mutha kuyiyika ndi maphunziro ndi masewera monga kuthamanga.
- Katundu wocheperako ndi mphindi 30 patsiku. Ndibwino kwa iwo pabwalo lamipanda, koma ndi katundu wokwanira, olowera ku Russia amatha kukhala m'nyumba.
- Amafuula ndikuthira pang'ono, koma awa ndi agalu ndipo sangachite opanda tsitsi kapena phokoso.
- Amakonda mabanja, kukhala pagulu la anthu komanso kulumikizana. Uyu si galu womangirizidwa.
- Wokakamira pang'ono, koma ochenjera ndipo amafunikira bwana wolimba yemwe salola kuphwanya malamulo.
- Mwachilengedwe, samakhulupirira alendo, panthawi yocheza adzakhala opirira, koma osalandira. Adzadziteteza okha mpaka mpweya womaliza.
- Amakonda ana, amakhululuka ngakhale amwano. Koma, komabe, simuyenera kusiya galu wamkulu ali ndi mwana yekha.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Chiyambi cha zaka zana chinali chomvetsa chisoni kwa Russia - Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, Revolution, Dziko Lachiwiri ...
Anthu akamwalira, palibe amene amakumbukira za agalu ndipo mitundu yambiri imangosowa. Kapangidwe koyamba kosamalira ntchito kuswana agalu anali ankhondo.
Mu 1924, mwa lamulo la Revolutionary Military Council No. 1089, Krasnaya Zvezda kennel idapangidwa kuti iziphunzitsa masewera agalu ankhondo. Nazale inali ndi malo ophunzitsira, malo ophunzitsira, maziko, koma koyambirira kunalibe akatswiri.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, zinthu zinayamba kuyenda bwino, ndipo agalu adaphunzitsidwa zaulonda, kuzindikira, ukhondo komanso kulumikizana. Kenako ntchito zowonongera ndikuphunzitsanso kuwononga akasinja.
Omenyera nkhondo amiyendo inayi amenewa adagwira nawo ntchito pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, kuthandiza kuteteza dzikolo ku chipani cha Nazi. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo, gulu la agalu lidadutsa Red Square, limodzi ndi asirikali.
Asitikali aku USSR adaphunzira maphunziro a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ndipo mu 1949 kennel (monga gawo la Office of the Engineering Troops of the Soviet Army) adalandira lamulo loti mtundu wa agalu woweta makamaka zosowa zankhondo.
Kuphatikiza paukali, amayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu, chipiriro, miyendo yayikulu ndi yayitali, kuti athe kugwira ntchito yolondera ndikuwongoleredwa.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha lamuloli chinali chakuti agalu olondera, omwe anali wamba m'gulu lankhondo, sanasinthidwe kuti azigwira ntchito kutentha pang'ono. Abusa aku Germany pamazizira osakwana 20 madigiri sangagwire ntchito yopitilira maola 6.
Chifukwa chake, chofunikira chachikulu chinali kukana chisanu komanso kupezeka kwa tsitsi lalitali. Dzinalo - Galu wa Stalin ndiwodziwika kwambiri, popeza mtsogoleriyo analibe ubale ndi mtunduwo, ntchitoyo idayamba kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wake.
Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Fyodorovich Kalinin, wamkulu wa nazale, anali nawo pantchitoyi, chifukwa ntchitoyi inali yofunika kwambiri ndipo m'masiku amenewo sikunali kunyalanyaza.
Zotsatira zake, mtundu watsopano udabadwa - Russian Black Terrier kapena RFT. Monga tanenera kale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idagwiritsidwa ntchito powoloka.
Cholinga cha mitanda yoyamba yosinthana inali kupeza galu wantchito, wamkulu ndi wamphamvu, wankhanza koma wokhoza kuwongolera. Chifukwa chake, kunja sikunali kofunikira, komanso kusankha mitundu kunachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Asayansi adasankha Giant Schnauzer (chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kulimba mtima kwake komanso luntha lake), Airedale Terrier (yodzidalira, yopanda mantha komanso kukula) ndi Rottweiler (mlonda wabwino, wankhanza komanso wamkulu). Iwo anakhala maziko a kuswana, koma mitundu ina inawonjezedwa, kuphatikizapo Newfoundland.
Mibadwo yoyambirira inali ndi zovuta zina: tsitsi lalifupi, mano opanda ungwiro, mawanga, machende omwe sanatsikire pamatumbo. Koma, ntchitoyi idapitilira ndipo pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe amtundu watsopanowo adapangidwa.
Mu 1957, zoyambirira zakuda zakuda zidawonetsedwa ku All-Union Exhibition of Service and Agalu Osaka ku Moscow, koma ntchito yopanga mtunduwo idapitilira mpaka zaka za m'ma 80.
Mu 1957, mtunduwo unatha kukhala katundu waboma, ndipo ana agalu anayamba kugulitsidwa kwa anthu wamba, makamaka ankhondo. Mu 1958 Standard yoyamba yamtunduwu "Russian Black Terrier" idasindikizidwa mu "Buku lophunzitsira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito agalu ankhondo".
Omwe amaweta bwino amawonjezera agalu awo molingana ndi muyeso uwu ndipo zotsatira zake ndi mitundu iwiri: tsitsi lalitali komanso lalifupi lakuda.
Kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1979, kennel ya Krasnaya Zvezda ikupitilizabe kuchita nawo mtunduwo. Mu 1981, malinga ndi lamulo No. 19 la Main Directorate for Nature Protection, pamalingaliro a bungwe lazachinyengo, Standard for the mtundu "Russian Black Terrier" (RFT) idavomerezedwa. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, zinyalala zoposa 800 zidatuluka m'nyumbayo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ana agalu omwe amakwanitsa muyesowo adadutsa 4000.
Mu 1983, Black Russian Terrier (panthawiyo - Black Terrier), adalembetsa FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale). Mu 1992, mtunduwo udasinthidwa kukhala Black Russian Terrier.
Adalandiridwa bwino mdziko la mdani wawo - United States. Black Russian Terrier Club of America (BRTCA) idakhazikitsidwa mu 1993, ndipo mu 2004 mtunduwo udadziwika bwino ndi American Kennel Club (AKC).
Ngakhale agalu amenewa akhala akuweta bwino kuyambira pomwe amawoneka, ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, ngakhale ku Russia.
Ku America, ali m'malo 135 mu agalu olembetsedwa, mwa mitundu 167 yomwe ingachitike.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Zapangidwira ntchito, Black Russian Terrier ndi galu wamkulu, wothamanga, wamphamvu komanso wodalirika.
Amuna ndi akulu komanso olimba kuposa ma tinyolo ndipo amafika masentimita 72-76 ndikufota ndipo amalemera 50-60 kg, mabatani 68-72 masentimita ndikulemera 45-50 kg. Mafupa ndi akulu, ndipo malamulo a agalu ndi olimba.
Mutuwu ndi wofanana ndi thupi ndipo umakhala wofanana m'litali ndi khosi. Chigoba chake ndichachikulu komanso chokhotakhota, chopumira pang'ono. Makutuwo ndi apakatikati, mawonekedwe amakona atatu, okhala pamwamba pamutu ndikulendewera pansi momasuka.
Maso ndi owunda ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala amdima. Pamphuno pali ndevu zomwe zimapatsa galu chiwonetsero. Milomo ndi yotsekedwa mwamphamvu, yakuda, yakuda. Mano akulu, oyera, scissor kuluma.
Thupi liyenera kupereka chithunzi cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Khosi lolimba komanso lolimba limadutsa pachifuwa chachikulu, chowulungika ndi mimba yolimba komanso yolimba. Mchira ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa kapena ayi.
Osakocheza, ndiyopangidwa ngati saber kapena woboola chikwakwa. Mapadi a paw ndi akulu, okhala ndi misomali yakuda, zala zopindulitsa ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mtundu wololedwa wokha ndi wakuda, koma imvi pang'ono imaloledwa. Ubweyawo ndiwiri, umateteza ku nyengo. Chovalacho chimakhala chofewa komanso cholimba, tsitsi loyang'anira ndilotalika, loluka komanso lolimba. Chovalacho sichiyenera kukhala chopindika kapena chopindika, koma chimakhala chopindika.
Nkhopeyo ili ndi ndevu, masharubu ndi nsidze zomwe zimagwera m'maso. Kwa ziwonetsero, akuda akuda amakonzekeretsa, pambuyo pake galuyo amawoneka wamphamvu, wamphamvu komanso wotsimikiza.
Khalidwe
Black Russian Terrier ndi mtundu wothandiza, wokhala ndi chibadwa choteteza ndi kuteteza gulu lake kapena gawo lake. Agalu olondera ambiri amaukira olanda mwaukali, koma osati wakuda wakuda. Machenjerero awo ndiwachiwawa kwambiri ndipo amatengera chitetezo m'malo moukira.
M'malo mouluka mwa wakubayo, mbalame yakuda imamulola kuti ayandikire ndikuwukira. Amateteza kwambiri banja ndi katundu, koma kukula ndi mawonekedwe a galuyu ndikokwanira kutenthetsa mutu wamoto. Galu amakwiya ngati akukhulupirira kuti chiwopsezocho ndichowonadi, koma khalani chete msanga posachedwa.
Chiyambireni mtunduwo, amapanga ubale wapamtima ndi mwini wake, yemwe ndiwokhulupirika kwambiri. Black terriers amamangiriridwa ndi anthu, sayenera kusiyidwa okha m'nyumba kapena mlengalenga. Galu ngati atatsala yekhayekha kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kukhala gawo loti angateteze kwa mwini wake.
Nthawi yotsala agaluwa amateteza malowa, nthawi zonse amachenjeza mwininyumba za zochitika zachilendo, kuwawa pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira. Ngakhale aku Russia Black Terriers sakuwoneka akung'amba mosalamulirika, ndibwino kuphunzitsa galu kulamula mwakachetechete.
Ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa, koma samaphunzitsidwa bwino. Khalidwe lililonse losafunika liyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti lisadzakhale chizolowezi mtsogolo.
Ngakhale ndi yayikulu komanso yowopsa, mtunduwu ndiwophunzitsidwa kwambiri kuposa ma terriers onse. Wanzeru komanso wodalirika, wakuda wakuda amayesetsa kukondweretsa mwini wake, ali ndi khalidwe lodekha komanso khalidwe. Ana agalu amasonyeza nzeru ali aang'ono, kuphunzira msanga, kusintha ndi kumvetsetsa.
Amachita chidwi kwambiri ndipo ndikofunikira kuti muziwayang'anitsitsa chifukwa azikoka mphuno zawo pang'onopang'ono. Amamvetsetsa dongosolo ndi zomwe zimaloledwa kapena zosaloledwa, makamaka ngati amakhala m'nyumba yokhala ndi galu woweta bwino.
Koma, amafunikira dzanja lamphamvu komanso kukhala ndi olimba omwe angafotokozere malire azololedwa. Kupanda kutero, azolowera kuwoloka, udzakhala mkhalidwe wovuta kuchotsa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati simukufuna kuti galu wamkulu agone nanu pabedi limodzi, musalole kuti agalu agone.
Mukamaphunzira zakuda zakuda, muyenera kulimba, chilungamo komanso kusasinthasintha. Simungathe kuwachitira nkhanza pophunzitsidwa, akuyesera kale ndi mitima yawo yonse kuti asangalatse munthu, amaphunzira mwachangu.
Munthawi imeneyi, kuyang'aniridwa ndi utsogoleri ndizofunikira kuchokera kwa eni ake kuti galu akule ndikukhala membala womvera wabanja lanu.
Chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo ndikumakumbukira bwino komanso malingaliro anzeru, amatenga malamulo ndi zochita. Black Russian Terriers amachita bwino kwambiri pakumvera komanso kulimba mtima, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichitepo maphunziro awa. Njira yomvera imulola kuti amvetsetse malo ake m'banja, chifukwa uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri ndipo akufuna kukhala mtsogoleri wa paketiyo.
Agalu amenewo, agalu akuluakulu amakonda ana, ndi anzawo osatopa komanso okhwima mumasewera aana. Atsikana amakonda kwambiri ana. Ngakhale amakula kwambiri, chikhalidwe chawo chokhazikika komanso cholinganiza zimawalola kuti azikhala aukhondo komanso odekha ndi ana. Amakulolani kuti muzikwera nokha, kukoka ubweya wanu ndi ndevu zanu, osachitapo kanthu poteteza. Sangokhala oleza mtima okha, koma amamvetsetsa ana ang'onoang'ono, amawakhululukira akukoka mchira ndi makutu. Kutopa kwawo kumapangitsa kuti azisewera ndi ana kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amagona ku nazale kapena pabedi, ngati mlonda komanso mlonda.
Kuti mukhale oyenera, ma terriers akuda amafunika kuyenda kamodzi patsiku, kuyambira mphindi 30 kutalika.
Amakonda kugona pabedi limodzi ndi mabanja awo, koma amafunikiranso zochitika, kuphatikizapo zochitika zamaganizidwe. Kuyenda, kuthamanga, kupalasa njinga zonse zimalimbikitsidwa ndi galu.
Ndikofunikira kuti mwiniwake akhale pomwepo, apo ayi sangakhale ndi chidwi. Tikulimbikitsidwabe kuti tiziyenda pa leash, ngakhale izi sizofunikira kwa anthu akuda.
Sathamangitsa kapena kuthamangira wina, koma iyi ndi galu wamkulu kwambiri ndipo dziyerekezereni muli m'malo mwa munthu yemwe akubwera yemwe amaziwona popanda leash.
Galu wantchito, amapangidwa kuti ateteze ndikuteteza ndipo mwachilengedwe amakayikira alendo. Mukangoyambitsa mwana wagalu kumalo atsopano, anthu, kununkhira, zokumana nazo, kukhazikika komanso kulimba mtima kuti adzamva mtsogolo.
Ndi mayanjano oyenera, anthu akuda aku Russia sangakhale okayikira kwambiri komanso osadalira alendo. Musaiwale kuti machenjerero awo ndikudikirira kuti munthuyo abwere pafupi ndikuyandikira popanda kuwachenjeza.
Ndi mchitidwewu, mayanjano ndiofunikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti adzakhala omvera komanso otchera chidwi ndi anthu komanso nyama zina.
Amakhala bwino mnyumba yomweyo ndi amphaka komanso agalu ena. Amuna amatha kupondereza amuna ena, koma ambiri amakhala ochezeka komanso amakhalidwe abwino.
Mtunduwo umakhalanso ndi zovuta. Amakhala osungulumwa komanso kusungulumwa ngati atakhala panyumba kwa nthawi yayitali. Kusungulumwa kumabweretsa machitidwe owononga, kuuwa, kusamvera. Amathiranso madzi ambiri ndikusiya madontho pansi kwinaku akumwera, pamene ndevu zimalowa m'madzi.
Black Russian Terriers ndi osowa, koma mukawapeza ndiye kuti kondani ndi galu wolimba mtima komanso wodekha uyu.
Ndi mnzake wokhulupirika yemwe amafuna kusangalatsa, kuteteza banja ndi nyumba, wodalirika, wosasinthasintha, wolingalira bwino, wochita bwino ndi ziweto zina ndi ana, ndipo safuna kupsinjika kwambiri kuti akhalebe athanzi komanso athanzi.
Amasintha bwino ndipo amatha kukhala bwinobwino m'nyumba ndi m'nyumba.
Chisamaliro
Chovala chofunda cha Black Terrier chimakhazikika pang'ono, koma ndi chachitali ndipo chimafunika kutsukidwa kawiri pasabata. Kutsuka kumachotsa tsitsi lakufa ndikupewa ubweya kuti usamangidwe.
Kudulira ubweya kumafunika kawiri kapena katatu pachaka, makamaka kwa agalu omwe akuchita nawo ziwonetsero. Ndikofunika kupeza katswiri wodziwa kusamalira agalu, popeza mawonekedwe okonzedwa bwino ndikofunikira pazinyama zowonetsa, makamaka popeza pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kupanda kutero, kusamalira Black Russian Terrier sikusiyana ndi mitundu ina. Kudula misomali, kutsuka mano komanso kuyang'ana makutu anu pafupipafupi ndi njira zonse.
Zaumoyo
RFT ndi mtundu wolimba ndipo ukhoza kukhala zaka 10 mpaka 14. Amagonjetsedwa ndi chimfine, samachedwa ma genetics ndipo amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino pokhudzana ndi mitundu ina yoyera.
Koma amakhalanso ndi matenda omwe agalu amakonda. Dysplasia ya chiuno cholumikizira ndi dysplasia yolumikizana ndi chigongono (mliri wa agalu akulu) ndizofala kwambiri.
Impso matenda si zachilendo - hyperuricosuria ndi hyperuricemia.
