Gwape wofiira - imodzi mwa subspecies ya nswala zofiira zomwe zimakhala kum'mawa kwa Asia. Malongosoledwe achi Latin achi taxon adaperekedwa ndi a zoologist aku France a Milne-Edwards mu 1867 - Cervus elaphus xanthopygus.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gwape ofiira
Nyamayi ya artiodactyl yochokera kubanja la nswala ndi yamtundu weniweni komanso yamitundu ya mphalapala ofiira, omwe amaimira subspecies yosiyana. Gwape wofiira amagwirizanitsa ma subspecies ambiri, omwe amasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe anyanga, zina za utoto. Makolo awo anali wamba ndipo amayenda m'njira zawo. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a nswala zofiira: European, Caucasian, Bukhara deer, red deer, amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kanema: Gwape wofiira
Mapangidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana adachitika nthawi ya Pleistocene glaciations ndikukwera pamlingo wa Nyanja ya Caspian kumalire a Europe ndi Asia. Izi zakhala zikuchitika kwazaka zambiri. Zotsalira za subspecies zosiyanasiyana za nswala zofiira zapezeka ku Europe, kudera la Russia, Ukraine, Caucasus, Eastern Siberia ndipo ndi a Pleistocene oyambirira, apakati komanso omaliza. Mitundu yambiri yomwe yapezeka ili ndi mizu yofanana, koma kuchuluka kwa ubale pakati pawo sikunaphunzirepo kwenikweni.
Gwape wofiira ndi gawo lalikulu la nswala zofiira, koma akulu ndi ocheperako kuposa ma marals. Amapezeka ku Eastern Siberia, Far East ndi North ndi North China. Izi zazing'ono zimafotokozedwa bwino, koma m'malo omwe madera omwe amakhala amakhala mogwirizana ndi mtundu wa Altai maral (Transbaikalia), mbawala zimatha kupezeka ndi anthu apakatikati.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gwape wofiira amamveka mosiyanasiyana. Akachita mantha, amawoneka ngati "gau", osati mokweza ngati gwape. Achichepere ndi akazi "amalankhula" ndikumwetulira kosangalatsa. Zazikazi zimatha kubangula, ndipo amuna amabangula kwambiri nthawi yamkokomo, ndipo kubangula kwawo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri komanso kwamphamvu kuposa agwape ena ofiira onse.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi nswala zofiira zimawoneka bwanji
Mitundu ya xanthopygus subspecies ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndendende ndi mamembala ena amtundu ndi mitundu. Wopyapyala, wamanga reindeer, wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali ndi khosi labwino, lalitali. Mchira ndi waufupi, makutu adakhazikika pamutu wokulirapo. Mbawala zofiira zimakhala ndi malaya ofiira ofiira nthawi yotentha, komanso zofiirira ndi zotuwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Mosiyana ndi mbawala zina zofiira, ali ndi kalilole wokulirapo komanso wamkulu (malo owala kumbuyo kwa thupi pafupi ndi mchira, wokutira kumtunda kwa miyendo yakumbuyo) Imafikira pamwamba pa mchira wa nswala zofiira ndipo imakhala yopepuka pang'ono kuposa mtundu waukulu wa nyama chilimwe, ndipo imakhala yofiira nthawi yozizira. Miyendo ya kamvekedwe kofanana ndi mbali kapena mdima pang'ono.
Kutalika kwa nyama mdera lakumbuyo kuli pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, kulemera kwake ndi 250 kg, zitsanzo zina zazikuluzikulu zimapezekanso. Mphuno pakati pa mayini ndi yocheperako kuposa yam'madzi, ndipo mutu wake ndi 390-440 mm kutalika. Zazimayi ndizocheperako komanso zopanda nyanga. Nyanga zazimuna, zazing'ono zazitali, zimakhala ndi thunthu lowonda, lotsetsereka, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwoneka opepuka, mosiyana ndi maral. Sapanga korona, koma kuchuluka kwa njirazi ndi 5 kapena 6. Njira yachinayi, monga lamulo, imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopepuka.
Gwape wofiira amakhala ndi masitepe pafupifupi 60 cm ndipo amatha kuyenda makilomita asanu mu ola limodzi. Amapita kukathamanga akachita mantha, koma samangoyenda pang'ono. Kudumpha kumatha kutalika kwa mita sikisi. Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanikana imakhala ndi maso abwino, koma imadalira kwambiri pakumva komanso kununkhiza bwino. Nyama ikamadya, nthawi zonse imayimirira mutu wake ndi mphepo kuti imve phokoso lonse.
Popeza katundu wanjira ya mphalapala wofiyira ndiwokwera kwambiri - 400-500 g pa cm2, zimakhala zovuta kuti asunthire chipale chofewa kwambiri (chachitali chopitilira 60 cm). Pakadali pano, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zakale kapena amayenda kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina pansi pamiyala yolimba.
Kodi mbawala zofiira zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gwape wofiira ku Transbaikalia
Nyama zokongolazi, zokongola ndizopangidwa mwachilengedwe kwambiri pulasitiki ndipo zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyana siyana kuchokera kudera lamapiri kupita kunyanja, kuchokera ku nkhalango za taiga ndi steppes. Amakhala kumadera opanda nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira kwambiri, monga ku Transbaikalia mpaka ku Primorye, komwe kumakhala mvula yambiri nthawi yotentha komanso chipale chofewa nthawi yozizira.
Malo okhala nyama kuchokera kumadzulo amayamba kuchokera kumwera kwa Eastern Siberia, kuchokera pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Yenisei ndikufika pakamwa pa Angara, mpaka kuphiri la Stanovoy. M'dera la Baikal, nyamayo imapezeka mosakhazikika. Kwenikweni, malo ake amakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango za Daursky, Yablonovy, ndipo amapezeka m'dera la Vitim.
Kuphatikiza apo, malowa adzafalikira kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Onon Upland, kulanda magombe a Mtsinje wa Lena ndikufika kumtunda kwa Ilga, Kuda, Kulinga. Kupitilira kumpoto, imakwera m'mbali moyenerera ya Lena kupita kuchigwa cha Khanda, ndikuphatikizira beseni la Kirenga, lomwe limafika pakati pamtsinje. Ulkan. Kuchokera kumpoto, malowa ndi ochepa chifukwa chakumadzulo kwa phiri la Baikal. Kudutsa Vitim, Baton Highlands, malowa amakhalanso akuwoloka Mtsinje wa Lena, koma kale kumpoto kwa Vitim River. Koma pafupi ndi Lensk, m'chigwa cha mtsinje, chinyama ichi sichikupezeka.
Gwape wofiira amapezeka ku Yakutia. Apa, kutalika kwake kumafikira pa beseni la Mtsinje wa Olekma, kumtunda kwa mtsinjewu. Amga ndi gombe lakumanzere la mtsinje. Aldan. Mu Transbaikalia, moyo wake umachitikira kumapiri ndi kumapiri. Kum'mawa, malowa amasunthira kuchokera kumadzi am'madzi a Uda kupita kumitsinje ya Amgun, Selemzha, Amur, Samarga mitsinje. Kum'mawa, malowa akuphimba Primorye, Khabarovsk Territory ndi dera la Amur, kumpoto, malirewo afotokozedwa ndikutsetsereka kwakumwera kwa Stanovoy Range. Malo okhala kum'mwera kwa nswala zofiira ku Russia adafotokozedwa ndi Mtsinje wa Amba.
Mbawala zofiira zimapezeka m'mitsinje ya Partizanskaya, Okhotnichya, Milogradovka, Zerkalnaya, Dzhigitovka, Rudnaya, Margaritovka, Serebryanka, Velikaya Kema, Maksimovka mitsinje. Ungrate amapezeka paphiri la Tumannaya, Kit, Zarya bay, pa Olympiada ndi Cape Belkin, m'boma la Tereney. M'dera la China, mitunduyi imagwira Northern Manchuria ndikutsikira ku Yellow River. Nswala zofiira zimapezekanso kumpoto kwa Korea.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe agwape ofiira amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nswala zofiira zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gwape wofiyira mdera la Irkutsk
Kapangidwe ka zakudya zofiira zofiira kali ndizomera zosiyanasiyana, mndandanda womwe umafikira mayina 70. Gawo lalikulu limapangidwa ndi zomera zitsamba, zitsamba ndi mitengo. Izi zitha kukhala: nthambi, khungwa, mphukira, masamba, masamba, masingano, zipatso, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ndere, Far East yozizira horsetail. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha udzu ndi nthambi kumadalira momwe chisanu chilili chipale chofewa.
Ku Eastern Siberia: m'chigawo cha Baikal, m'chigawo cha Sayan chakum'mawa, m'chigwa cha Chita, zitsamba zam'madzi ndizofunikira kwambiri, zimadyedwa nthawi yotentha komanso kuzizira ngati zotsalira zowuma, nsanza. M'madera amenewa, nyengo yachisanu ndi chipale chofewa. Zomera zobiriwira ndizofunikira kwambiri pamndandanda wa nswala zofiira zaku Far East.
Njere zimadyedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku masamba obiriwira, makamaka masika, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mpaka udzuwo utakhazikika. Dzinthu zotsalira zimaphatikizidwa pazosankha nthawi yachisanu. Gawo lalikulu limakhala ndi Compositae, monga chowawa, komanso nyemba, ma ambulera. Pamaso pazakudya zazikulu, zomerazi zimadya mbali zowutsa mudyo kwambiri, zopatsa thanzi, kumapeto kwa chilimwe - inflorescence, nsonga za zitsamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, nswala zofiira zimakonda basal, zotsalira zobiriwira, magawo osatha, tirigu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mwachitsanzo, mapiri otchedwa fescue ndi chimanga chokondedwa cha mwamuna wokongola waku Siberia, ndipo amadya udzu mosangalala kuposa chakudya cha nthambi. Ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, chopaka, udzu wogona, penyani kuti mupite kukadyetsa. Gwape wofiira amadya aconite wakupha ndi belladonna.
Kuchokera pamitengo yolimba, chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo:
- elm;
- kuluma;
- Mtengo wa Birch;
- Rowan;
- chitumbuwa cha mbalame;
- msondodzi;
- buckthorn;
- mabulosi akutchire;
- currant;
- rasipiberi;
- kamphindi.
Nswala zofiira ku Far East zikukulitsa mndandanda wawo mwa:
- Veleveti ya Amur;
- Manchu Aralia;
- ziphuphu;
- daurian rhododendron;
- mapulo a ndevu;
- mapulo okhala ndi nyanga zobiriwira.
Mbawala zofiira sizimadyedwa ndi singano za larch, spruce, paini, pokhapokha pakalibe chakudya china, ndipo paini imatha kuyambitsa kudzimbidwa ndi poyizoni mu nyama zazing'ono. Ku Primorye, komwe nyengo yachisanu imakhala yofatsa, ndi nthanda, nyama sizimangodya nthambi ndi mphukira zazing'ono zokha, komanso makungwa. M'dzinja, chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo zipatso, zipatso za mitengo yazipatso, mtedza, zipatso za thundu. Mtedza ndi zipatso zimatha kudyetsedwa m'nyengo yozizira, ngati chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa sichipitilira masentimita 25. Pamndandandawu pamakhala bowa: russula, bowa wa uchi, bowa wamkaka, porcini, ndi ndere.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Gwape ofiira nthawi yozizira
Gwape wofiira sakonda timitengo tating'onoting'ono ta nkhalango, posankha malo ochepa okhala ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino, tchire, pomwe pali udzu wambiri: m'mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Malo awo okhala amakhala ndi zigawo zokongola. M'nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha yopanda chipale chofewa, amasankha malo otseguka, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumalo okhala ndi masamba osalala kwambiri. M'madera omwe amakonda kwambiri nkhalango zotsika, nswala zofiira zawonongedwa kapena kuthamangitsidwa ndi anthu. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamapiri otsetsereka komanso olimba, komwe agalu samakonda kupita.
Ku Siberia, nkhalango za spruce zimasankhidwa kuti zikhale nyama iyi, koma pomwe pali madambo ambiri, moto wambiri wokhala ndi zitsamba zambiri komanso udzu wobalalika, udzu. M'mapiri a Sayan, ungulate amakonda gawo lapakati la lamba wa nkhalango, koma nthawi yotentha imakwera kudera laling'ono ndikupita kumapiri a Alpine. Ku Sikhote-Alin, malo omwe nyama zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi malo owotchera azaka zapakatikati omwe ali ndi masamba amtundu wa Manchurian ndi Okhotsk, komanso nkhalango za thundu. Ku Far East, m'nkhalango za coniferous, zimapezeka kawirikawiri. M'mapiri, nyamayo imakwera kufika mamita 1700 mpaka kumapiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gwape wofiira amadziwika ndi kusunthira mozungulira. Poyembekezera nyengo yozizira, pang'onopang'ono amatsikira m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pafupi ndi tsinde la mapiri, mpaka kuzigwa. Pofika masika, amayambiranso kukwera mpaka zitunda.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbawala zofiira zimadya m'mawa, mpaka mame asowa, kenako madzulo, ndikupumula usiku. Nyengo yamvula kapena mitambo, ngati palibe chowavutitsa, komanso kumapiri ataliatali, amatha kudyetsa tsiku lonse.
Pokonza bedi, agwape amasankha mpweya wokwanira, malo otseguka kuti athetse udzudzu wosasangalatsa. Izi zitha kukhala nsapato, magombe amadziwe, kuwotcha nkhalango, m'mbali. Kutengera nthawi ya chaka ndi tsiku, makamaka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, amatha kusankha zitsamba zamatchire ndiudzu utali wandiweyani. M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, kuti ziziziziritse komanso kuti zisatuluke pakati, nyama zimatha kulowa mumitsinje kapena kugona m'malo amphezi. M'ngululu ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe, komanso nthawi yamvula, nyama zimapita kukanyambita zamchere.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nyama yamphongo imatha kudya udzu wa m'madzi kapena kumwa madzi am'nyanja. Izi zimathandiza nyama zokhala ndi ziboda zobwezeretsa mchere wawo. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri amabwera ku ayezi wamtsinje m'nyengo yozizira kudzanyambita ayezi.
M'nyengo yozizira, pakakhala chakudya chochepa, agwape ofiira amakhala otanganidwa kufunafuna ndikudyetsa tsiku lonse, ngati nyengo ilola. Mu bata, nyengo yachisanu, nyama zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Pakati pa mphepo, amayesetsa kubisala: m'nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango, m'mapanga. Chipale chofewa chachikulu chimadikirira pakama. M'madera amapiri, omwe ndi malo okhalamo agwape ofiira, amakonda malo otsetsereka a dzuwa ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino. M’zigwa, momwe nyengo yake imakhala ya mphepo nthaŵi zambiri, nyama sizimagona, kufunafuna malo amene mphepo singawasokoneze.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wamphongo wofiira
Gwape ofiira ndi nyama zoweta. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 3-5, koma ku Siberia pali gulu la mitu 20. Chikho chimachitika pakugwa. Ku Eastern Siberia, ndi pakati pa Seputembala, ku Sikhote-Alin - Seputembara 20-25, kumwera kwa Primorye kuyambira Seputembara 25 mpaka Okutobala 1. Pakadali pano, anyani amphongo amabangula, poyamba osati mokweza kwambiri, kenako kubangula kwawo kumamveka patali makilomita angapo.
Kumayambiriro kwa chimwala, amuna amakhala m'modzi m'munda wawo. Amachotsa khungwa, amathyola nsonga za mitengo yaying'ono, amamenya ndi ziboda, ndikupondaponda nsanja. Malo awa, omwe alenje amatcha "point", ali ndi fungo labwino la mkodzo wa nyama. Komanso, amuna amalowerera mumatope, mu "masuti osambira". Pamapeto pake, mwamunayo amadzipangira azibwenzi awiri kapena atatu. Kukwatana, kutengera dera, kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa Seputembara mpaka 20 Okutobala. Pakadali pano, ndewu zimachitika pakati pa mbawala, koma nthawi zambiri zimangokhala chiwonetsero chankhanza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi yovutikira, kumva mkokomo wa wolimbirana mwamphamvu, wotsutsana naye amathamangira kukabisala. Wamphongo wokhala ndi azimayi amatenganso gulu lake ndi mphalapala wofiira wobangula.
Mkazi amatha kubweretsa mwana wang'ombe wachiwiri, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Koma sizikhala nkhokwe chaka chilichonse. Mimba ndi masabata 35. Kubereka kumayambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Juni 10. Gwape wofiira amathawira m'malo obisika, m'nkhalango zamatchire ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa ng'ombe imodzi, yomwe kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 10 kg. M'maola oyamba alibe thandizo, akamayesa kudzuka, amagwa.
Kwa masiku atatu oyamba, mwana wamkazi amatama ndikumangodzuka kuti azidyetsa kangapo patsiku. Mayi nthawi zonse amasunga pafupifupi mita 200 kuchokera kwa mwana kuti asakope chidwi. Patadutsa sabata, ana a ng'ombewo sanayende bwino, koma amayesetsa kutsatira amayi awo. Kudyetsa kumachitika kasanu patsiku. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, makanda amathamanga bwino, kuyambira azaka chimodzi amayamba kusinthana ndi msipu, pambuyo pake amatafuna chingamu. Mu Julayi, achichepere samatsalira kumbuyo kwa akuluakulu kuthamanga, koma amapitiliza kuyamwa mkaka mpaka nthawi yozizira, nthawi zina amapuma panthawi yopuma.
Mwa amuna, kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, ziphuphu zamathambo zimawoneka pamphumi, zomwe zimakula ndikukhala maziko a nyanga zamtsogolo. Amayamba kukula kuyambira chaka chachiwiri, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachitatu amatulutsa khungu. Nyanga zoyamba zilibe nthambi ndipo zimakhetsedwa mu Epulo. Chaka chotsatira, amuna amakula nyanga zokhala ndi mipesa ingapo. Chaka chilichonse kukula ndi kulemera kwa nyangazi kumawonjezeka, mpaka zaka pafupifupi 10-12, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kulemera ndi kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa komanso kakang'ono.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gwape wofiira ali ndi nyanga zamakilogalamu 3-8. Ndi zazikulu komanso zolemera kuposa Bukhara (3-5 kg), koma zopepuka kuposa ma maral (7-15 ngakhale 20 kg), otsika kuposa a Caucasus (7-10 kg).
Amuna achikulire amakhetsa nyanga zawo mu theka lachiwiri, kumapeto kwa Marichi. Molting kumachitika kawiri pachaka: masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Zinyama zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 12-14, mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 20.
Adani achilengedwe a nswala zofiira
Chithunzi: Kodi nswala zofiira zimawoneka bwanji
Mdani wamkulu wa nswala zofiira m'chilengedwe ndi nkhandwe. Nyama zolusa zimatsata achikulire m'magulu, awiriawiri, koma osati paokha, chifukwa nyamazi zimatha kudziteteza. Iwo amalumpha mmwamba, atatsamira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akumenya ndi ziboda zawo zakutsogolo, nyanga zimathandiza amuna poteteza. Kuchokera kwa omwe amawatsata, osatulutsawa amayesetsa kuthawira kumiyala, amatha kulowa m'mitsinje kapena kusambira munyanja. Pothawa mimbulu m'matanthwe, agwape nthawi zambiri amadutsa m'malo otsetsereka ndikufa.
Ma artiodactyls amafa kawirikawiri kuchokera kuzilombo zina, koma amaukiridwa:
- Zimbalangondo;
- lynx;
- wolpira.
Wolverines amasaka bwino makamaka nthawi yachisanu kapena kotumphuka pakavuta gwape wofiira kuti asunthe. Kuopsa kwa achinyamata kumatha kuyimiridwa ndi harza, yomwe, ngakhale ili yaying'ono, imakhala ndiukali kwambiri. M'masiku akale, akambuku ndi akambuku anali oopsa kwambiri kwa agwape ofiira, koma tsopano ndi osowa ndipo kuvulaza kwawo kwa agwape sikokwanira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'mbuyomu ku Sikhote-Alin, mphalapala wofiira anali wachiwiri pambuyo pa nkhumba zakutchire pakudya kwa kambuku.
Adani a agwape ofiira amatha kutengedwa ngati anthu amtundu anzawo. Zinyama zina zimafa pakamenyedwa mkati mwa chipwirikiti, ndipo ena opulumuka atopa kwambiri kotero kuti sangakhale ndi moyo nthawi yozizira, makamaka ngati kunali chisanu komanso chipale chofewa.
Mmodzi mwa adaniwo ndi munthu ndi zochita zake. Kuphatikiza pa kusodza ndi kuwononga nyama, anthu amakopa malowa posintha mawonekedwe oyamba a artiodactyls. Kuwononga nkhalango, kumanga mizinda, kulima madera a nkhalango, kuyala misewu yayikulu ndi njanji, munthu amachepetsa malire omwe nyama iyi imatha kukhala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Deer red deer
Gwape wofiira ku Transbaikalia amapezeka kale kulikonse, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto zazitali kwambiri. Chiyambire 1980, kuchuluka kwa nyama iyi mderali yatsika chifukwa cha kuwononga nyama mopanda chilolezo komanso kutukula nkhalango. Malinga ndi zotsatira zakulembetsa kwapadziko lapansi kwa 2001-2005, ziwetozo zidatsika ndi 9,000 ndipo zidakwana anthu 26,000. Pafupifupi 20,000 mwa ma artiodactylswa amakhala kum'mawa kwa Transbaikalia, makamaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dera lino. Pafupifupi zikwi zitatu zofiira tsopano zikukhala ku Yakutia. Ziweto ku Eastern Siberia pafupifupi anthu opitilira 120 zikwi.
Ku Far East, mzaka makumi anayi zam'zaka zapitazi, unyama wofiira wambiri umakhala kudera la Sikhote-Alin. M'madera osungidwa ndiye panali nyama zikwi zikwi khumi. Makumi asanu, malo otetezedwa adatsika kangapo, ndipo ziweto pano zidachepa kwambiri. Ku Primorye, kuchuluka kwa nyama mu 1998-2012 kunali mitu 20-22 zikwi. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku China kuyambira 100 mpaka 200 masauzande (1993), koma chifukwa cha kusaka kosaloledwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu, chiwerengerochi chikuchepa. Kafukufuku mu 1987 adawonetsa kuti ziweto ku Xinjiang zidatsika ndi 60% pakati pa 1970 ndi 1980.
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa 30-40% pofika 1975, magulu ena, mwachitsanzo mdera la Heilongjiang, adakwera pang'ono. Kuchepetsa malo okhala chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo okhala kwapangitsa kuti kufalitsa kwa nswala zofiira pakadali pano kuli kochepa makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol ndi Jilin) ndi madera ena a Ningxia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan ndi Tibet.
Nyamayi tsopano yatchulidwa ngati Mitundu Yachiwiri Yotetezedwa mu National Animal List ya China. Ku Russia, mbawala zofiira sizinalembedwe mu Red Book, ndipo ngakhale nsomba zochepa zimaloledwa. Nyama imeneyi imakondedwa chifukwa cha nyama yake yokoma komanso khungu lake lolimba. Malo apadera amakhala ndi zida za nyanga - nyanga, zomwe zimayikidwa pokonzekera mankhwala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'zaka za zana la 19, alenje adagwira agwape ofiira pogwiritsa ntchito maenje, ndikusunga nyamazi kunyumba kuti adule mphalapala. Midzi inali ndi akatswiri awo powadula. M'zaka za m'ma 1890, zikopa zokwana 3000 zinkaponyedwa ku Transbaikalia pachaka, chiwerengerochi chimaphatikizaponso zikwizikwi za nyama zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba.
Gwape wofiira Ndi nyama yokongola ya taiga yomwe imafuna chitetezo. Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu, pakufunika njira zothanirana ndi kusaka kosaloledwa, kukulitsa malo otetezedwa, ndikuchepetsa madera a nkhalango zowononga mitengo. Mtengo wa nyama iyi ndiwofunika osati pawokha, komanso ngati imodzi mwazakudya za kambuku wosavuta wa Ussuri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/06/2019
Tsiku losintha: 14.08.2019 nthawi ya 21:45
