Ngamila ndi zimphona zokhala ndi ma hump awiri
Chimphona chodumphadumpha chiwiri cha banja lonse la ngamira chimakhala ndi kuthekera kopambana kupulumuka m'malo owononga zolengedwa zina.
Kudalirika ndi phindu kwa anthu apanga ngamila kuyambira kale, mnzake wokhazikika wa nzika za Asia, Mongolia, Buryatia, China ndi madera ena okhala ndi nyengo youma.
Maonekedwe ndi malo a ngamila ya bactrian
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ngamila ziwiri. Mayina Ngamila zochepa zakutchire ku Mongolia ndi haptagai, ndipo ngamila zoweta nthawi zonse ndi a Bactrian.
Oyimira zakutchire adatchulidwa mu Red Book chifukwa chowopseza kutha kwa anthu mazana angapo apitawa. Wofufuza wotchuka N.M. Przhevalsky.
Ngamila zoweta zawonetsedwa m'mabwinja akale a nyumba zachifumu kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachinayi. BC. Chiwerengero cha Bactrian chimaposa anthu 2 miliyoni.
Mpaka lero ngamila - mayendedwe osasinthika a anthu m'chipululu, nyama, ubweya, mkaka, ngakhale manyowa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta abwino.
Kuswana kwa Bactrian nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa anthu okhala m'miyala, m'chipululu momwe mulibe madzi, malo okhala m'mapiri okhala ndi masamba ochepa. Komwe mungapeze ngamila yoyendetsa bwino kwambiri.
Madzi osefukira kapena mitsinje ya mitsinje imakopa ngamila zamtchire kumalo othirira kuti zibwezeretse matupi awo. M'nyengo yozizira, amapanga ndi chisanu.
Haptagai amayenda maulendo ataliatali mpaka 90 km patsiku kufunafuna chakudya makamaka magwero amadzi.
Kukula kwake kwa zimphona zazimuna ziwiri ndizosangalatsa: mpaka kutalika kwa 2.7 m ndikulemera mpaka 1000 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako: kulemera mpaka 500-800 kg. Mchira ndi wa mita 0.5 kutalika ndi ngayaye.
Nthiti zamkati zimawonetsa kukhuta kwa nyama. Ali ndi njala, amapita pang'ono.
Miyendo imasinthidwa kuti iziyenda pamtunda kapena malo otsetsereka amiyala, ali ndi mapazi obowoloka pa khushoni yayikulu ya chimanga.
Patsogolo pake pali mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zikhadabo kapena mawonekedwe ofiira. Malo ovuta kuphimba mawondo akutsogolo ndi chifuwa cha nyama. Sapezeka pagulu, ndipo mawonekedwe amthupi mwake ndi owonda kwambiri.
Mutu waukulu umasunthika pakhosi lopindika. Maso owonekera amakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya eyelashes. Pamphepo yamkuntho, samatseka maso okha, komanso mphuno ngati mphuno.
Mlomo wolimba wakumtunda, wodziwika ndi oimira ngamila, ndi wopingasa, wosinthidwa kuti ukhale chakudya chosalala. Makutu ndi ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi osawoneka patali.
Mawuwo ali ngati kulira kwa bulu, osati kosangalatsa kwambiri kwa munthu. Nyama nthawi zonse imabangula ikadzuka kapena kugwa ndi katundu wambiri.
Mtundu wa chovala chodera cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira kuyera mpaka bulauni yakuda. Ubweyawo ndi wofanana ndi wa zimbalangondo zakumpoto kapena mphalapala.
Tsitsi mkati ndi mkati mwa malaya amkati amateteza kumatenthedwe otentha komanso otsika.
Molting imachitika mchaka, ndipo ngamila "Khalani wadazi" pakutha tsitsi mwachangu. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, ubweya watsopano umakula, womwe umakhala wautali makamaka nthawi yozizira, kuyambira 7 mpaka 30 cm.
Kudzikundikira kwamafuta mumbulu mpaka makilogalamu 150 sikuti kumangokhala chakudya, komanso kumateteza ku kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa cheza cha dzuwa chimakhudza kwambiri msana wa nyama.
Ma Bactrian amasinthidwa kukhala otentha kwambiri komanso nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Chofunikira chachikulu pamoyo wawo ndi nyengo youma, salola kunyowa bwino.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa ngamila ya bactrian
Mwachilengedwe ngamila Amakonda kukhazikika, koma amangokhalira kudutsa malo amchipululu, zigwa zamiyala ndi mapiri m'madera akuluakulu.
Haptagai amasunthira kuchoka kumalo ena osowa madzi kupita kumalo ena kuti akabwezeretse malo osungira.
Nthawi zambiri anthu 5-20 amakhala limodzi. Mtsogoleri wa gululo ndi wamphongo wamkulu. Zochita zimawonekera masana, ndipo mumdima ngamira imagona kapena imachita ulesi komanso mopanda chidwi.
Pakakhala mphepo yamkuntho, imagona masiku, kutentha kumayenda motsutsana ndi mphepo kuti itenthedwe kapena kubisala m'mitsinje ndi tchire.
Anthu achilengedwe ndi amanyazi komanso amwano, mosiyana ndi ma Bactrian amantha, koma odekha. Haptagai ali ndi maso owoneka bwino, pakawonekera zoopsa, amathawa, ndikupita liwiro mpaka 60 km / h.
Amatha kuthamanga kwa masiku 2-3 mpaka atatopa kwambiri. Ngamila Zapakhomo za Bactrian amadziwika kuti ndi adani ndipo amawopa mofanana ndi mimbulu, akambuku. Utsi wamoto wawaopsa.
Ofufuzawo akuti kukula ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe sizimapulumutsa zimphona chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo.
Mmbulu ukaukira, saganiza kuti angadziteteze, amangokhalira kufuula ndi kulavulira. Ngakhale akhwangwala amatha kusekerera zilonda za nyama ndi ziweto zawo chifukwa cha katundu wolemera, ngamila imasonyeza kusadziteteza kwake.
Munthawi yokwiya, kulavulira sikutulutsa malovu, monga ambiri amakhulupirira, koma zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba.
Moyo wa nyama zoweta umakhala pansi pa munthu. Akakhala ankhanza, amatsogolera chithunzi cha makolo. Amuna achikulire okhwima angathe kukhala okha.
Nthawi yachisanu ngamila Ndizovuta kuposa nyama zina kuyenda mu chipale chofewa.Zimathanso kukumba chakudya pansi pa chipale chofewa chifukwa chosowa ziboda zenizeni.
Pali chizolowezi chodyetserako nthawi yozizira, mahatchi oyamba, oyambitsa chivundikiro cha chisanu, kenako ngamilakutola chakudya chotsalira.
Chakudya cha ngamila wa Bactrian
Zakudya zokhazokha komanso zopanda thanzi zimapanga maziko azakudya zazikuluzikulu ziwiri. Ngamila zodyetsa zimadya zomera ndi minga zomwe nyama zina zonse zimakana.
Mitundu yambiri yazomera m'chipululu imaphatikizidwamo chakudya: mphukira za bango, masamba ndi nthambi za tsamba lobiriwira, anyezi, udzu wosalala.
Amatha kudyetsa zotsalira za mafupa ndi zikopa za nyama, ngakhale zinthu zopangidwa ndi iwo, pakalibe chakudya china.
Ngati chomeracho chili ndi yowutsa mudyo, ndiye kuti chinyama chimatha kukhala opanda madzi mpaka milungu itatu. Ngati gwero lilipo, amamwa pafupifupi kamodzi masiku atatu kapena atatu.
Anthu achilengedwe amatha kumwa madzi amchere popanda kuwononga thanzi lawo. Mabanja amapewa izi, koma amafuna mchere.
Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi nthawi imodzi Ngamila ya bactrian amatha kumwa mpaka malita 100 amadzimadzi.
Chilengedwe chinapatsidwa ngamila kuthekera kopirira kusala kudya kwakutali. Kuperewera kwa chakudya sikuvulaza thupi.
Kudya mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa ziwalo. Pazakudya zapakhomo, ngamila sizisankha, zimadya udzu, zinyenyeswazi, ndi chimanga.
Kubereketsa ndi kutalika kwa ngamila ya bactrian
Kukula msinkhu ngamila imachitika pafupifupi zaka 3-4. Akazi ali patsogolo pa amuna pakukula. Mukugwa, nthawi yaukwati imayamba.
Kukwiya kumaonekera pakubangula, kuponyera, kuchita thobvu pakamwa ndikuwukira aliyense nthawi zonse.
Pofuna kupewa ngozi, ngamila zoweta zazimuna zimamangidwa ndikudindidwa ndi nsalu zomuchenjeza kapena kupatukana ndi zina.
Amuna amamenya nkhondo, amamenya mdani ndikuluma. Mwa mpikisano, amavulaza ndipo amatha kufa pankhondo ngati abusa sangalowerere ndikuteteza ofooka.
Ngamila Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe m'nyengo yokwatira amakhala olimba mtima ndipo amayesetsa kutenga akazi achikazi, ndipo amuna, zimachitika, amaphedwa.
Mimba ya akazi imakhala mpaka miyezi 13, mchaka chimabadwa mwana wa ng'ombe wolemera makilogalamu 45, mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri.
Mwanayo amatsatira amayi ake yekha patadutsa maola awiri. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga zaka 1.5.
Kusamalira ana kumawonekera bwino ndipo kumatenga mpaka kukhwima. Kenako amuna amachoka kuti akapange akazi awo, ndipo akazi amakhalabe m'gulu la amayi awo.
Kupititsa patsogolo mikhalidwe ndi kukula kwake, amayesetsa kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: hybridi wa ngamila zamankhwala amodzi - BIRTUGAN (wamwamuna) ndi MAYA (wamkazi). Zotsatira zake, chilengedwe chimasiya chingwe chimodzi, koma chimafutukuka kumbuyo konse kwa chinyama.
Utali wamoyo ngamila za bactrian m'chilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 40. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, ziweto zimatha kukulitsa moyo wawo zaka 5-7.
