Coyotes, yemwenso amadziwika kuti meadow mimbulu (Chilatini chimamasulira kuti "galu wowuwa".
Kufotokozera kwa Coyote
Mitundu ya Coyote imayimilidwa ndi subspecies khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimakhala mdera la America, Canada ndi Mexico, ndipo ma subspecies atatu amakhala ku Central America. M'dera la New World, mimbulu yakutchire imakhala mofanana ndi nkhandwe ku Eurasia.
Maonekedwe
Ma Coyotes ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa mimbulu wamba kukula kwa thupi.... Kutalika kwa chilombo wamkulu ndi masentimita 75-100 okha, ndipo mchirawo uli ngati kotala la mita. Kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota sikupitilira masentimita 45-50. Kuchuluka kwa nyama yolusa kumasiyana pakati pa 7-21 kg. Pamodzi ndi agalu ena amtchire, mimbulu yakutchire ili ndi makutu owongoka komanso mchira wautali wofewa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mapiri amphiri amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda kwambiri, pomwe nyama zolusa m'chipululu zimakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira.
Ma Coyotes amadziwika ndi ubweya wa bulauni wautali wokhala ndi zigamba zakuda ndi zakuda. Kudera la mimba, ubweya ndi wowala kwambiri, ndipo kumapeto kwa mchira, ndi wakuda kwathunthu. Poyerekeza ndi mimbulu wamba, mphalapala zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphuno yolimba komanso yolimba, yomwe imafanana ndi nkhandwe.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma Coyotes adasintha bwino kuposa mimbulu kuti azikhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu ndikupanga magawo ofanana ndendende ndi anthu. Mimbulu ya Meadow, monga lamulo, imayang'anira madera a nkhalango ndikusankha malo athyathyathya - madera ndi zipululu. Nthawi zina amapezeka kunja kwa matauni ndi madera akuluakulu. Kwa oimira subspecies onse, mawonetseredwe a ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ndikumayamba madzulo kuli kotchuka.
Amphaka achikulire amatha bwino kukumba maenje, koma amathanso kukhazikika m'malo ena opanda anthu.... Gawo la chilombo ndi pafupifupi makilomita khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi, ndipo njira zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda nyama. M'madera momwe mimbulu wamba kulibiretu kapena kuchuluka kwake kulibe kanthu, mphalapala zimatha kuberekana mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, nyama yodya nyama imatha kudumpha mita itatu mpaka inayi ndikukula msanga mpaka 40-65 km / h ikamathamanga. Oimira angapo am'banja la Canidae adatsata kale motengera omwe adazindikira ndipo adakhazikika popanda zovuta munthawi iliyonse yatsopano. Poyamba, malo okhala mphalapala anali zigawo zakumwera ndi chapakati zokha ku North America, koma tsopano pafupifupi kontinenti yonse imakhala ndi subspecies.
Kodi nkhandwe zimakhala motalika bwanji?
Mwachilengedwe, ma coyote nthawi zambiri amakhala osaposa zaka khumi, ndipo nthawi yayitali yodya nyama yolanda muukapolo pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.
Mitundu ya Coyotes
Pakadali pano, ma subspecies khumi ndi asanu ndi anai a mimbulu zodyera amadziwika pano:
- C. latrans latrans;
- C. latrans karoti;
- C. latrans clerticus;
- C. latrans diсkeyi;
- C. njira zotsekera;
- C. latrans goldmani;
- C. latrans hondurensis;
- C. ma lateral imperavidus;
- C. latrans incolatus;
- C. latrans jamesi;
- C. ma latranses lestes;
- C. latrans mearsi;
- C. latrans microdon;
- C. latrans ochropus;
- C. latrans chilumba;
- C. latrans techensis;
- C. latrans thammnos;
- C. latrans umрquensis;
- C. latrans vigilis.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Gawo lalikulu logawira nkhandwe likuyimiridwa ndi West ndi gawo lapakati la North America. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa madera a nkhalango ndikuwonongedwa kwa omwe akupikisana nawo kwambiri pankhani yazakudya, zoyimiriridwa ndi mimbulu wamba komanso yofiira, zidalola kuti mphalapala zifalikire madera akulu poyerekeza ndi mbiri yakale yoyambirira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma Coyotes amasinthasintha mosavuta malowa, ndipo m'malo amapiri nyama zolusa zoterezi zimapezeka ngakhale pamalo okwera mita zikwi ziwiri kapena zitatu pamwamba pamadzi.
Zaka zana zapitazo, mimbulu yakutchire inali nzika zoyambirira za nkhalango, koma masiku ano mphalapala zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kuyambira Central America mpaka Alaska.
Zakudya zam'madzi
Ma Coyotes ndi omnivorous komanso osadzichepetsa kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito chakudya, koma gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho limayimiriridwa ndi chakudya choyambira nyama, kuphatikiza ma hares ndi akalulu, agalu am'misewu, ma marmot ndi agologolo agulu, makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Ma raccoon, ferrets ndi possums, beavers, mbalame komanso tizilombo tina nthawi zambiri timagwidwa ndi mphalapala. Mimbulu ya Meadow imasambira bwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kusaka nyama zam'madzi zamtundu uliwonse moyimira nsomba, achule ndi timitundu.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi za chilimwe komanso koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, nkhandwe zimadya zipatso ndi zipatso zamtundu uliwonse, komanso mtedza ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Pofika nyengo yozizira, mphalapala zomwe zimakhala mdera lakumpoto zimasinthiratu kuzakudya zovomerezeka ndikudya nyama zovunda komanso zofooka, zakale kapena zodwala. Zowononga zomwe zimakhala m'mapaki amtunduwu zimazolowera anthu, chifukwa zimatha kutenga chakudya ngakhale m'manja mwa anthu.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamawonekedwe am'mimba mwa nkhono, chakudya choyenera cha chilombo ndi:
- zovunda - 25%;
- makoswe ang'ono - 18%;
- ziweto - 13.5%;
- nyama zakutchire - 3.5%;
- mbalame - 3.0%;
- tizilombo - 1.0%;
- nyama zina - 1.0%;
- Zamasamba - 2.0%.
Mimbulu yakutchire sakonda kuukira ziweto zazikulu ndi zazikulu, ndi nswala zakutchire, koma zimatha kusaka ana ankhosa kapena ana akhanda obadwa kumene.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ma Coyotes amatha kupanga awiriawiri kamodzi kwanthawi yayitali. Mimbulu ya Meadow ndi makolo odalirika komanso osamala, amasamalira ana awo. Nthawi yobereketsa imakhala mu Januware kapena February. Mimba imatenga miyezi ingapo. Ana atawoneka, anyani achikulire amasaka nawonso mosamala ndipo amayang'anira bwino dzenjelo, loyimiriridwa ndi dzenje losaya kapena mwala wamiyala. Banja lirilonse la mimbulu zodyetserako nkhalango zimakhala ndi nyumba zingapo zopumira, pomwe makolo amasamutsira ana awo pokayikira pang'ono kuti pangakhale ngozi.
Mimbulu ya Prairie imafika pakukula msinkhu wa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, koma, monga lamulo, okwatirana amangowonjezera atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri. Mu zinyalala, nthawi zambiri ana anayi mpaka khumi ndi awiri amabadwa, omwe amatha kuwona patangotha masiku khumi. Kwa mwezi woyamba, mphalapala zimadya mkaka wa amayi, pambuyo pake anawo amayamba kuchoka pakhola lawo, ndipo ana agalu amakhala odziyimira pawokha pakugwa. Amuna nthawi zambiri amachoka pamtsinje wa makolo, pomwe akazi okhwima mwauzimu, m'malo mwake, amakonda kukhala pagulu la makolo. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nyama zazing'ono chimamwalira mchaka choyamba chamoyo.
Makolo onse amakhala ndi chisamaliro chofanana kwa makanda omwe akukula... M'masiku oyambilira kubadwa kwa ana agalu, achikazi samachoka pakabowo konse, chifukwa chake, mavuto onse opeza chakudya amatha ndi amuna okha, omwe amasiya makoswe pakhomo la burrow, koma amathanso kubwezeretsanso chakudya chodya theka. Agalu akangolowa pang'ono, makolo onse awiri amayamba nawo kusaka. Nthawi zambiri, ana agalu ochokera azimayi awiri kapena atatu amabadwa ndikuleredwa limodzi mgulu lalikulu. Zimadziwikanso kuti amphaka amakumana ndi mimbulu kapena agalu oweta komanso akutchire, zomwe zimabweretsa anthu osakanizidwa.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe akuluakulu amphaka achikulire ndi akowa ndi mimbulu. Nyama zazing'ono komanso zosakhwima bwino zimatha kukhala nyama zosavuta kuwomberana ndi ziwombankhanga, akadzidzi, zikuku, agalu akuluakulu, kapena anyani ena achikulire. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri adaziwona, ochepera theka la achinyamata amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka msinkhu wakutha msinkhu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nkhandwe zofiira zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizopikisana kwambiri pazakudya zomwe zingathamangitse mphalapala kuchokera pagawo lokhalamo.
Matenda ambiri akulu, kuphatikiza chiwewe ndi matenda a nematode, ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azifa kwambiri pakati pa nkhandwe, koma anthu amadziwika kuti ndi mdani wamkulu wa mphalapala. Agalu otchera msampha, misampha ya strychnine ndi arsenic, ndikuwotcha madera onse agwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi ziweto zomwe zikukula mofulumira. Wotchuka kwambiri anali mankhwala ophera tizilombo "1080", omwe adangothetsa ma coyotes okha, komanso nyama zina zambiri. Kudzikundikira m'nthaka ndi m'madzi, poyizoni "1080" adadzetsa mavuto osayerekezeka kuzachilengedwe, chifukwa chake adaletsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mimbulu yakutchire yafalikira ndipo ndi yofala... Coyotes, monga mtundu, adasiyanitsidwa bwino kumapeto kwa Pliocene, pafupifupi zaka 2.3 miliyoni zapitazo. Munali munthawi imeneyi pomwe ma coyotes adakwanitsa kudzipatula kwa kholo lawo limodzi pakukula kwawo. Pakadali pano, mimbulu yakutchire imakhala m'gulu la mitunduyo, kuchuluka kwa anthu komwe kumayambitsa nkhawa.
