Lero, nditabwerera kuchokera kudziko lakwawo ndikupumula kwambiri, ndinawona uthenga womwe udandifunsa kuti ndisokoneze ubongo wanga pang'ono ndikuyamba kulemba nkhaniyi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zanga zoyambirira kulengedwa, kotero chonde musaweruze mosamalitsa. Kapena weruzani. Sindisamala.
Ndipo lero tikambirana za mtundu wonse wa nkhono zomwe ndimakonda, zomwe ndi mtundu wa Panaque (Panaki). Mwambiri, dzina "Panak" lidaperekedwa kwa awa soms ndi nzika za Venezuela, koma sitidziwa kuti ndi iti mwa panakas yoyamba yomwe idakhala "Panac".
Mitundu ya Panaki
Zonsezi, mtundu wa Panaque pakadali pano umakhala ndi mitundu 14 yosafotokozedwa bwino, kukula kwake kuli pakati pa 28 mpaka 60 cm +, koma pambuyo pake.
Kotero tiyeni tiyambe mu dongosolo. Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji Panaki ndi nsomba zina za Loricaria (L)? Chilichonse ndichosavuta! Chosiyanitsa chachikulu cha mtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mano. M'munsi mwa dzino mumachepa kwambiri kuposa m'mphepete mwake. Ndiye kuti, pali kukula kwakuthwa kuchokera ku chingamu mpaka m'mphepete mwa dzino, motero amatchedwa "woboola pakati" (wokhala ndi kapu).
Chachiwiri komanso chowonekera kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a chigaza, chokumbutsa chonyamula choyamba cha sitima yapamtunda, komanso kuchuluka kwa mutu ndi thupi (mutu umakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali wonse wa nsomba).
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwambiri ndi masharubu a Panaka. Chowonadi ndichakuti, chakudya cha Panaka chimakhala ndi matabwa, chifukwa chake sichifunika kuwunikira komanso kuwunikira.
Polumikizana ndi ndevu zomvekera bwino, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo, zododometsedwa kwambiri, zimangokhala pafupi ndi mphuno, pomwe ndevu zazikulu sizigwira ntchito zowunikira, koma zimatumikira, makamaka, kuti nsombayo izizindikira kukula kwake (ngati ingakwere kwinakwake kapena ayi).
Ndipo muyeneranso kulabadira kunyezimira kwa dorsal fin! Nthawi zonse pamakhala ma 8 ndipo amakhala olimba mphepete.
Chifukwa chake, chabwino, chosankhidwa ndi mano. Tsopano zatsala kuti mumvetse mano awa. Mwachilengedwe, monga tanenera kale, chakudya chachikulu cha onse a Panaki (pankhani yazakudya, onse ndi ofanana) ndi nkhuni.
Moyo wawo wonse, zolengedwa zopanda manyazi izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ndi mizu yawo kugwera m'madzi. Ndipo amawadyetsa, chifukwa chake posunga nsombazi m'madzi, osayiwala zakupezeka kwa iwo.
Makamaka oyenera izi ndi mizu ya mitengo yazipatso monga maula, apulo, phulusa lamapiri, ndi zina zambiri. (zomwe mutha kugula kuchokera kwa ife vk.com/aquabiotopru).
Ndikulangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mizu m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa nthambi wamba zadongosolo lamadzi zimakuluma mwachangu ndikusintha ngodya yakunyumba yanu kukhala makina opangira matabwa. Popeza kuti Panaki amatafuna mitengo yolowerera ndikutulutsa utuchi m'madzi, womwe ndi gwero lotsika mtengo kwambiri la ma cellulose omwe amafunikira ma geophagus, kuwasunga pamodzi ndi lingaliro labwino! (vk.com/geophagus - ma geophagus abwino kwambiri mdziko muno ali pano!)
Komanso pazakudya za nkhanzazi mu aquarium ziyenera kukhala zukini, nkhaka ndi masamba ena "wandiweyani" momwe mungadyetse. Ndipo ndikamasiyana mosiyanasiyana, zimakhudza momwe chiweto chanu chingakulire ndi thanzi lanu.
Amakondweranso kupukuta mapiritsi apadera a "catfish" opangidwa ndi spirulina weniweni kapena spirulina wokhala ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za kulumikizana komanso kukhazikika kwa Panaki mu aquarium. Kwenikweni palibe choti munganene, nsombazo ndizoyambirira.
Nthawi yake yonse yopumula amayang'ana mbali zonse za muzu wa nkhuni zomwe amapatsidwa, nthawi zina amasambira masamba. Palibe chiwawa chamkati mu aquarium momwe mumakhala zokopa zambiri ndipo chilichonse chimagawika magawo. Koma ngati malowa kulibe, ndiye kuti panak wamkulu amatha kuluma kapena kuyesa kuluma yaying'ono.
Kaya izi ndizokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa nsomba kapena ayi sizikudziwika, koma zoterezi zawonedwa. Osati gawo kwambiri. Zolemba malire zomwe zingayembekezeredwe ndikuseka ndi thunzi pamphepete mwa woyandikana ndi mtundu wina, yemwe alibe chidwi ndi mphaka, ndipo mphamba, monga lamulo, alibe chidwi ndi oyandikana nawo kuchokera pagawo lamadzi. Kukhazikika m'madzi m'madzi, momwe ndikudziwira, sikunachitike.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtundu wa Panaque umaphatikizapo mitundu 14, yosiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala, geometry ndi mawonekedwe amthupi:
- L027, Panaque armbrusteri (L027, Tapajos Royal Pleco LDA077, Thunder Royal Pleco)
- L090, Panaque bathyphilus (Papa Panaque)
- Panaque cf. armbrusteri ʻaraguaia` (Rio Araguaia Royal Pleco, Teles Pires Royal Pleco)
- L027 Panaque monga. armbrusteri`tocantins` (Platinum Royal Pleco Tocantins Royal Pleco)
- L027, L027A Panaque wonyezimira. armbrusteri`xingu (Xingu Royal Pleco, Longnosed Royal Pleco, Red Fin Royal Pleco)
- Panaque cf. cochliodon "kumtunda kwa magdalena" (Colombian Blue Eyed Pleco)
- L330, Panaque cf. nigrolineatus (Watermelon Pleco)
- Panaque cochliodon (Blue Eyed Royal Pleco)
- L190, Panaque nigrolineatus (Schwarzlinien-Harnischwels)
- L203, Panaque schaeferi (LDA065, Titanic PlecoL203, Ucayali - Panaque (Germany), Volkswagen Pleco)
- Panaque sp. (1)
- L191, Panaque sp. (L191, Dull Eyed Royal Pleco Yosweka Line Royal Pleco)
- Panaque suttonorum Schultz, 1944 (Venezuela Blue Eye Panaque)
- L418, titani ya Panaque (Shampupa Royal Pleco Gold-trim Royal Pleco)
Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti timvetse, ndigawa mitundu iyi 14 m'magulu azikhalidwe zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zofananira, kuti pambuyo pofotokoza, pasadzakhale mafunso okhudza kusiyana kwawo.
Gulu loyamba - "milozo panaki". Tili ndi:
- L027, Panaque armbrusteri (L027, Tapajos Royal Pleco LDA077, Thunder Royal Pleco)
- Panaque cf. armbrusteri`xingu (Xingu Royal Pleco, Longnosed Royal Pleco, Red Fin Royal Pleco)
- L190, Panaque nigrolineatus (Schwarzlinien-Harnischwels)
- L203, Panaque schaeferi (LDA065, Titanic PlecoL203, Ucayali - Panaque (Germany), Volkswagen Pleco)
- L191, Panaque sp. (L191, Dull Eyed Royal Pleco Yosweka Line Royal Pleco)
- L418, titani ya Panaque (Shampupa Royal Pleco Gold-trim Royal Pleco)
Gulu lachiwiri ndi "mfundo". Izi zikuphatikiza:
- L090, Panaque bathyphilus (Papa Panaque)
- L330, Panaque cf. nigrolineatus (Watermelon Pleco)
- Panaque sp. (1)
Gulu lachitatu ndipo, mwina, lokongola kwambiri ndi "Blue-eyed Panaki". Zomwe adakhalabe opanda nambala sizikudziwikabe kwa ine, koma ndikangodziwa, mudzakhala oyamba kudziwa za izi!
- Panaque cf. cochliodon "kumtunda kwa magdalena" (Colombian Blue Eyed Pleco)
- Panaque cochliodon (Blue Eyed Royal Pleco)
- Panaque suttonorum Schultz, 1944 (Venezuela Blue Eye Panaque)
Ndi gulu komanso mapangidwe ake kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zikuchitika zatha. Tsopano tiyeni tisunthire zovuta kwambiri kwa ine komanso zothandiza kwambiri kwa inu. Tiyeni tiwone kuti pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Panaki m'magulu azikhalidwe zomwe ndazindikira.
Tiyeni tiyambire kumapeto. Kotero,
"Panaki wamaso abuluu"
- Panaque cf. cochliodon "kumtunda kwa magdalena" (Colombian Blue Eyed Pleco)
- Panaque cochliodon (Blue Eyed Royal Pleco)
- Panaque suttonorum Schultz, 1944 (Venezuela Blue Eye Panaque)
- Panaque cochliodon, kapena mitundu iwiri yamakhalidwe ake, ndi nzika zaku Colombia, zomwe zimakhala kumtunda kwa Río Magdalena (Rio Magdalena) komanso makamaka ku Rio Cauca (Mtsinje wa Cauca).
Koma Panaque cochliodon (Blue Eyed Royal Pleco) yafalikira ku Mtsinje wa Rio Catatumbo (Mtsinje wa Catatumbo). Ngakhale zikuwoneka kwa ine, mwachidziwikire zinali njira ina (kuchokera ku Catatumbo kupita ku Cauca)
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Tsoka ilo, kusiyana kwake sikowonekera kwenikweni.
Panaque cf. cochliodon "kumtunda kwa magdalena" (Colombian Blue Eyed Pleco) adzakhala nambala 1 (woyamba) ndipo Panaque cochliodon (Blue Eyed Royal Pleco) adzakhala wachiwiri.
Zowonekera ndizo, monga dzina limanenera, maso amtambo. Komanso, nsombazi zimakhala ndi kukula kofanana pafupifupi masentimita 30.
Zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral zimakhala ndi msana zomwe zimachokera pakhungu. Ntchito yawo ndikuteteza ku zilombo zolusa ndipo zimafunikira kuti mphaka amvetse komwe angakwere ndi komwe sangathenso.
Alibe chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi kugonana. Koma ndingayesetse mwamanyazi kunena kuti chizindikiritso chachikulu chitha kukhala cheza chokwera kwambiri cha caudal fin, chomwe chimapanga "zoluka", ndiye kuti zimakula mwamphamvu kuposa zina zonse.
Koma kwa omwe akula kwambiri sizikudziwika bwinobwino; Ndingayerekeze kunena kuti mwa amuna (mwa kufanana ndi cacti).
Tiyeni kubwerera ku bizinesi. Kusiyana koyamba kwa mtundu woyamba kuchokera kwachiwiri, komwe kuli kochititsa chidwi, ndi mawonekedwe amthupi.
Yoyamba imakulitsidwa kwambiri, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndikukhala mwachangu kwambiri.
Kusiyananso kwachiwiri ndi mitundumitundu ya dorsal fin. Onsewa ali ndi 8, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chokhala m'gulu la Panaque, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Mulimonsemo, mitengoyi imakhala ndi nthambi pafupi kwambiri ndi kumapeto kwa kumapeto.
Magetsi apakati amakhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, woyamba, kunyezimira kuyambira 3 mpaka 6 kuphatikiza kumayamba kuzungulirazungulira pakati, wachiwiri pafupi ndi gawo lachitatu lakumapeto. Komanso musaiwale za dorsal fin yachiwiri, yoyimiridwa ndi msana wina.
Koyamba, ili pafupi kwambiri ndi dorsal (dorsal fin) ndipo zaka zimatha kusakanikirana, ndikupanga lathunthu. Kachiwiri, ili pafupi ndi mchira.
Monga mukuwonera, kusiyana pakati pa nsombazi sikuwonekera kwenikweni, nkhaniyi ikonzedwa bwino, ndipo ngati ndingayang'ane chinthu china, ndidzasintha.
Kodi ndingaiwale bwanji za Panaque suttonorum Schultz, 1944 (Venezuela Blue Eye Panaque)? Sizingatheke. Tiyeni tiyambepo.
Nyama yolimbayi imagwira ntchito m'madzi othamanga komanso matope a Rio Negro ndi Rio Yasa (Yasa) yake, komanso m'chigwa cha Maracaibo. Mwambiri, mbuye wamadzi a Venezuela.
Chowonekera chokha, mwa lingaliro langa, kusiyana kogwirika ndi mitundu yomwe idatchulidwa kale ndi mphalapala yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi cheza chambiri cha nthambi, kunja kwake komwe kumapanga "zoluka".
Muthanso kuwonjezera - kutuluka kwamiyeso. Ngati anzanu am'mbuyomu mamba anali ndi utoto wabuluu, womwe udasintha ndi ukalamba, ndiye m'miyesoyi mumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pakuda mpaka bulauni ndi matupi a beige.
Kupanda kutero, malingalirowo amafanana mofananamo ndi am'mbuyomu, kupatula zina zazing'onoting'ono zamajambulidwe amthupi zomwe sizowonekera popanda kukhala pamaso panu mwa mitundu itatu yonseyi.
Ndi "Blue Eyes" zikuwonekeratu kuti palibe chowonekera. Pitilirani -
"Mfundo"
Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti gulu lomwe lili ndimikhalidwe ili yonse limangokhala ndi mitundu itatu yokha, yomwe ndi:
- L090, Panaque bathyphilus (Papa Panaque)
- L330, Panaque cf. (1)
L090, Panaque bathyphilus (Papa Panaque) imasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yotsirizayi, pafupifupi mitundu yofananira. Nsombazi zazikuluzikulu (mpaka 40 cm) zimakhala ku Brazil, mumtsinje wa Amazon ndi mitsinje yake iwiri: Solimões River ndi Purus River (imagwirizana pamapu 3 ° 39'52 "S, 61 ° 28'53" W)
Kunena zowona, nditayang'ana kansombaka kwa nthawi yoyamba, lingaliro lokhalo lomwe linali likuzungulira m'mutu mwanga linali longa "Kodi iyi ndi L600 mwachangu? Kapena L025? "
Zinali chonchi mpaka nditayang'anitsitsa pankhope, ndipo zinaonekeratu kuti ndi Panak. China china chapadera cha mtundu uwu, kuwonjezera pa kufanana kodabwitsa ndi cacti, ndikukula kwa thupi komwe kuli kosangalatsa kwa onse a Panaki.
Mutu ndi wocheperako, thupi ndilopapatiza (poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu) ndipo limafanana ndi nthumwi ya Pseudacanthicus ndi Acanthicus.
Koma kufanana sikuthera pamenepo! M'mbali mwa nsombazi muli mizere ingapo yaminga, yomwe siyofanana ndi Panaka monga momwe zimakhalira pagawo lachiwiri lomwe tatchulali.
Mwambiri, ndikadauzidwa kuti uwu ndiwosintha pakati pamabanja awiriwa, mawuwa sangafunsidwe. Cactus yemwe adatayika, yemwe analibe okwanira, adagwera pansi pamtsinje ndikuyamba kukukuta mitengo ndi njala.
Komabe, mwamakhalidwe ndi kadyedwe, izi ndi Panaque wamba. Mwambiri, sindimufanizira ndi Panaki wina. Powona minga ndi kukula kwake, mudzazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti tikulankhula za abambo a Rod Panazhy.
Tsopano tafika pamalingaliro awiri ofanana, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka kapena samawona kusiyana kwakukulu:
L330, Panaque cf. nigrolineatus (Chivwende cha Pleco) (kuyambira pano amatchedwa woyamba)
Panaque sp. (1) (pano akutchedwa wachiwiri)
Kukhomera mtundu wosakayikira pakati pa ziwirizi kudzakhala kotopetsa kwa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi! Chokhacho chomwe ndikufuna kudziwa ndikuti Panaque sp ndiyosowa modabwitsa, ndipo pali munthu m'modzi yekha ku Planet Catfish yemwe ali ndi nkhomoyi, ndiye kuti muli ndi L330.
Muunyamata, kusiyana kwake kumawonekeranso kwambiri. M'magulu onse amphaka, utoto umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yonse yazizunguliro komanso zowulungika zokhala ndi timizere tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pamutu ndi thupi la nsombayo.
Kusiyana pakati pa achinyamata kumachitika chifukwa choti woyamba amakhala ndi mabwalo ang'onoang'ono mthupi lonse, wachiwiri amakhala ndi mabwalo ochepa, koma amakhala okulirapo.
L330 ili ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono kuzungulira maso, pomwe Panaque sp 1 sasintha mawonekedwe ozungulira maso; palinso mabwalo akuluakulu, komanso thupi lonse. Ndizo zonse, apa ndi pomwe kusiyana kumathera kwa achinyamata!
Mu nsomba zazikulu, chizindikirocho ndi kukula kwake - 330th ndi yayikulupo kuposa yachiwiriyo. Ndikakula, imatha kutayika ndipo imakhala yofanana ndi panakas yayikulu yakuda kapena yakuda, pomwe nsomba yachiwiri imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'moyo wake wonse.
Ndipo potsiriza, gulu lotsiriza
"Milozo panaki"
- L027, Panaque armbrusteri (L027, Tapajos Royal Pleco LDA077, Thunder Royal Pleco)
- Panaque cf. (L191, Dull Eyed Royal Pleco Yosweka Line Royal Pleco)
- L418, titani ya Panaque (Shampupa Royal Pleco Gold-trim Royal Pleco)
Gulu lazikhalidwe ili lili ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamitundu. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti timvetse, ndikupatseni timagulu tiwiri. Ntchito yathu yayikulu munkhaniyi ndikuphunzira kusiyanitsa ndendende gulu lina ndi linzake, ndipo mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane amtundu uliwonse adzafalitsidwa munkhani ina, ngati mungathandizire J.
1) Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo Panaque armbrusteri ndi ma morphs ake onse (omwe pano amatchedwa Panak Armbruster (dzina la morph, river) kapena woyamba.
2) Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizaponso ena onse "amizeremizere panaki" ndipo azitchedwa "otsala" kapena "achiwiri", koma akulu, chifukwa chakudziwika kwawo, adzakhala L190 ndi L191.
Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo:
- L027, Panaque armbrusteri (L027, Tapajos Royal Pleco LDA077, Thunder Royal Pleco)
- Panaque cf. armbrusteri`xingu (Xingu Royal Pleco, Longnosed Royal Pleco, Red Fin Royal Pleco)
Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo:
- L190, Panaque nigrolineatus (Schwarzlinien-Harnischwels)
- L203, Panaque schaeferi (LDA065, Titanic PlecoL203, Ucayali - Panaque (Germany), Volkswagen Pleco)
- L191, Panaque sp. (L191, Dull Eyed Royal Pleco Yosweka Line Royal Pleco)
- L418, titani ya Panaque (Shampupa Royal Pleco Gold-trim Royal Pleco)
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi gulu loyamba. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani maso, kuyang'ana pa dzinalo, ndi kupezeka kwa nambala ya L027 ya Armbruster waku Rio Araguaya. Zomwe zimalumikizidwa sizikumveka kwa ine, koma ndikuganiza kuti asayansi akulu andikhululukira ndikamupatsa nambala yomweyo.
Ponena za mawonekedwe amthupi ndi kapangidwe kake, nsombazi ndizofanana kwambiri, pali kusiyana kochepa pokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa thupi kapena kupitirira "kutsika" kwa chigaza, koma ndikhulupirireni, simudzazindikira izi, pokhapokha ma morphine onse a makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri akuyandama patsogolo pa mphuno zanu. Ndipo ngati atero, ndiye ndikuganiza simukusowa nkhani yanga.
Tiyeni tipitirire kufotokozera mitundu yonseyo. Ma morphs onsewa ndi ofanana kukula (kukula mpaka pafupifupi masentimita 40), ali ndi muyeso wofanana kukula kwa mutu waukulu mpaka thupi ndi zipsepse zofanana, ndikugawa kwa kunyezimira kwawo. Chokhacho chomwe chingatithandize kusiyanitsa ma morphs ndi mtundu wawo.
Zimasiyana kwambiri ndi ena onse mwachangu komanso munthawi ya moyo wachikulire, wokhala m'madzi othamanga a Mtsinje Araguia Panaque cf. armbrusteri ʻaraguaia` (Rio Araguaia Royal Pleco, Teles Pires Royal Pleco).
Mizere yosalala ya utoto wa chivwende imaphimba thupi lake lonse kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumchira, osasokonezedwa. Mtundu waukulu ndi wakuda. Wachiwiri wam'mbuyo wam'mbuyo, woyimiridwa ndi muyezo wa mtundu wa "mbedza" ya 1 msana, uli pafupi kwambiri ndi dorsal fin ndipo umakhala wathunthu ndi ukalamba.
Msanawu uyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri: mukazindikira mtundu, simuyenera kunyalanyaza kufunikira kwake! Amatipulumutsanso nthawi ino!
Nayi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa L027 kuchokera ku Xingu (L027, L027А Panaque cf. armbrusteri`xingu (Xingu Royal Pleco, Longnosed Royal Pleco, Red Fin Royal Pleco) kuchokera ena onse makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi awiri!
Mmenemo, chikho chachiwiri chakumbuyo chimakhala patali kwambiri ndi chakumapeto, mwachitsanzo, chili pafupi kwambiri ndi chimbudzi cha caudal, pomwe mu Panaki No. 27 yonseyi imalumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi fin caudal fin.
Zachidziwikire, izi ndichifukwa choti madzi a Xingu ndiopupuluma kuposa madzi amitsinje ina ya Amazon, komwe kagulu kofotokozedwako kamakhala. Ndipo chomalizirachi chimakhala ngati chokhazikika pathupi pakasunthira pano.
Tsopano tapeza ndi inu mawonekedwe apadera a Panaque cf. armbrusteri ʻaraguaia` (Rio Araguaia Royal Pleco, Teles Pires Royal Pleco) ndi L027, L027А Panaque cf. armbrusteri`xingu (Xingu Royal Pleco, Longnosed Royal Pleco, Red Fin Royal Pleco).
Yoyamba imakhala ndi mtundu wa mavwende, yachiwiri imakhala ndi dorsal fin yotalikirapo kuchokera koyambirira kuposa enawo (ndikhulupirireni, izi zimawonekera).
Zimatsalira kusiyanitsa pakati pa L027 Panaque cf. armbrusteri`tocantins` (Platinum Royal Pleco Tocantins Royal Pleco) ndi L027, Panaque armbrusteri (L027, Tapajos Royal Pleco LDA077, Thunder Royal Pleco)
Kusiyana kumakhala kosavuta kuwona pakati pa wokhala ku Tocansis ndi Tapayos pagawo launyamata. Woyamba mu mwachangu amakhala ndi thupi lonse loyera-azitona-beige, pomwe pamakhala timizere tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Nthawi yomweyo, wachibale wake waku Tapayos waphimbidwa ndi mizere yoyera kwambiri pathupi lakuda. Ndi zaka, mtundu wawo umakhala wofanana, koma maimidwe amtunduwu amapezeka mchira wa Tokansis, pomwe ku L027, Panaque armbrusteri (L027, Tapajos Royal Pleco LDA077, Thunder Royal Pleco), kunyezimira kwa fin ya caudal sikusiyanitsidwa kutalika ndi mulifupi. Tikukhulupirira, ndi 27, zonse zidatsuka pang'ono!
Ndipo pakadali pano kuti tipeze momwe 190 imasiyanirana ndi 191, ndi 203 kuchokera ku 418, komanso izi zonse kuchokera pagulu 27 lofotokozedwa pamwambapa.
Tiyeni tiyambe:
- L190, Panaque nigrolineatus (Schwarzlinien-Harnischwels)
- L203, Panaque schaeferi (LDA065, Titanic PlecoL203, Ucayali - Panaque (Germany), Volkswagen Pleco)
- L191, Panaque sp. (L191, Dull Eyed Royal Pleco Yosweka Line Royal Pleco)
- L418, titani ya Panaque (Shampupa Royal Pleco Gold-trim Royal Pleco)
Chofala kwambiri mdziko lathu ndi mitundu iwiri, yomwe ili ndi nambala 191 ndi 190, ndipo tiyamba nayo. M'zaka zachinyamata, zimakhala zovuta kuwasokoneza kuposa kuwazindikira. 191 Panak ili ndi mchira woyera, pomwe 190 ili ndi mchira wakuda ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumakhala mthunzi wowala; koma imatha kukhala yoyera, ndiye muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa komwe kuli zoyera.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu 191 mtundu woyera umachokera m'mphepete mpaka pansi, ndipo chiyambi cha fin caudal nthawi zonse chimakhala chakuda, mu 190 chimakhala chimodzimodzi. Pansi pake nthawi zambiri pamakhala yoyera ndipo chakumaso kumakhala chakuda.
Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi ndi mtundu wonse wa catfish: ngati 191 ndi wakuda kwambiri kuposa kuwala, ndiye kuti wachibale wake ndi chimodzimodzi.
Samalani kwambiri za mtundu wozungulira maso a mphamba! Ngati mu 190 mikwingwirima imadutsa diso mosadodometsedwa, ndiye kuti mu 191 pali, mwamtundu uliwonse, palibe mikwingwirima mozungulira maso, kapena amazungulira mozungulira ndikupanga malo owunikira pafupi ndi choipacho.
Ndiyeneranso kusamala ndi mikwingwirima pafupi ndi chimbudzi cha caudal: mu 190, mikwingwirima imalumikizana kapena kupita padera, koma imakhalabe mizere yolunjika pafupi ndi cheza cha mchira, mu 191 mikwingwirima idasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wazithunzi zozungulira.
Katemera akakula, chilichonse chimakhala chosavuta. Mikwingwirima ya 191 imafota pang'onopang'ono ndipo imasandulika madontho, kapena thupi limakhala lofananira ndi mtundu wa panazh, mu 190 mikwingwirima imawonekera pamoyo wonse, ndipo ndi ukalamba imangowonekera pang'ono.
Mchira wa 190 ndi wokulirapo, ulibe mizere iwiri ya ming'alu yaying'ono pafupi ndi mchira, pomwe wachibale wake ali ndi mitsempha iyi.
Ndipo pamapeto pake:
- L418, titani ya Panaque (Shampupa Royal Pleco Gold-trim Royal Pleco)
- L203, Panaque schaeferi (LDA065, Titanic PlecoL203, Ucayali - Panaque (Germany), Volkswagen Pleco)
Chachikulu kusiyana nsomba wamkulu ndi kukula. Pazifukwa zina, nsomba yamphamba yotchedwa Titan (418) imakula mpaka 39cm, yomwe ndi yotsika kwambiri pakati pa mtundu wonsewo, pomwe 203 imakula mpaka masentimita 60!
Pamsinkhu wachinyamata, Shaferi ali ndi zolimba zochititsa chidwi kumapeto kwa caudal, pomwe 418 satero.
Pambuyo pake, maubweya okhwima (kungakhale kolondola kunena kuti amakula, cheza china chimawoneka pang'ono), ndipo mchira umakhala waukulu kwambiri ndikufalikira, pomwe mchira wa Titan ndiwowoneka bwino komanso wofatsa.
Palibe kusiyana kwamtundu wa GAMMA, mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana mofananira ndiubwana komanso unyamata. Chokhacho chomwe 203 imataya ndi mtundu wake wosiyanasiyana, umakhala mtundu wofanana (utoto umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi imvi yakuda mpaka beige).
Titani, mbali inayi, imakhala yotuwa nthawi zonse ndi kandalama kakang'ono pamalire a mbale ngati mikwingwirima yakuda, ili ndi masharubu owuma kwambiri m'mbali mwa nsagwada.
Fuuh, chabwino, nkhani yanga yafika kumapeto. Ichi ndiye zitsanzo zoyambirira chabe za nkhaniyi, zidzawonjezedwa mtsogolo.
Idzakonza zolakwika ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ndi kufananizira kwake. Mpaka nthawiyo, ngati muli ndi mafunso, afunseni iwo komwe kuli nkhaniyi.
Ndipo koposa zonse, ngati mumazikonda, musaiwale kuuza anzanu za izo pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti! Zikomo chifukwa chakumvetsera, tiwonananso)
Alexander Novikov, woyang'anira http://vk.com/club108594153 ndi http://vk.com/aquabiotopru
