Khoswe kapena ratlik ku Prague (Czech Pražský krysařík, English Prague Ratter) ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka galu, koyambirira kwawo ku Czech Republic. Malinga ndi mtundu wa mtunduwu, amadziwika kuti ndi galu wocheperako padziko lapansi, mosiyana ndi muyezo wa Chihuahua, womwe sukufotokoza kutalika kwake pakufota, kulemera kokha.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mwinanso makoswe a Prague ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri ku Czech Republic. Amatchulidwa m'mabuku akale. Dzinalo la mtunduwo limachokera ku Chijeremani "die Ratte" (makoswe) ndikuwonetsa cholinga cha mtunduwo - ogwirira makoswe.
Ngakhale kuti makoswe ena adasungabe chibadwa chawo cha alenje mpaka pano, palibe amene amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati wowononga makoswe.
Kuphatikiza apo, makoswe omwe tikudziwa lero ndi okulirapo, olimba komanso amwano kuposa makoswe a Middle Ages. Ngakhale makolo amphakawo sakanatha kupirira nawo, chifukwa iyi ndi mbewa yakuda kapena pasyuk (lat. Rattus norvegicus), kenako mbewa yakuda (lat. Rattus rattus) amakhala ku Europe wakale.
Khoswe wakuda uja amakhala m khola, momwe samangodya tirigu, komanso amamupangitsa kuti asakhale woyenera kudya, akumupha ndi poizoni ndi zinyalala zake. Komanso, anali onyamula mliriwo, womwe udafalikira womwe udafafaniza mizinda yonse ku Middle Ages.
Amphaka m'masiku amenewo anali ochepa, ndipo malingaliro kwa iwo sanali ofanana ndi amakono. Chifukwa chake, anthu amutauni amagwiritsa ntchito agalu ngati ogwirira makoswe. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi onse oyendetsa nthawiyo anali akuthyola makoswe. Kupanda kutero, galuyo sanasungidwe, amayenera kupanga mkate wonse.
M'dera lamakono la Czech Republic, izi zidachitika ndi ankhondo. Sitikudziwa ndendende momwe amawonekera panthawiyo, mwina amawoneka ngati agalu amakono. Ngakhale tsiku lodalirika la mtunduwo ndi lovuta kunena. Koma, pofika nthawi yotchuka komanso amphaka ku Europe (cha m'ma 1500), makoswe anali atatumikira kale anthu pafupifupi zaka 800.
Malingana ndi mbirizo, anali agalu odekha, okangalika, omvera. M'nyumba zachifumu ndi nyumba zosungiramo nyumba amasungidwa limodzi ndi agalu ena: ma hound, ma greyhound. Chifukwa chake makoswe amayenera kuphunzira momwe angakhalire, apo ayi sakadapulumuka pankhondo.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mtunduwu kumapezeka m'mabuku a Einhard (770-840), wasayansi wachifransa komanso wolemba mbiri. Amawalongosola ngati mphatso yochokera kwa kalonga waku Czech Lech. Tiyenera kutchula kuti Lech ayenera kuti si dzina, koma ndi ulemu kwa munthu wolemekezeka. Kalonga adapereka ankhondo ngati mphatso kwa Emperor Charles Woyamba.
Olemba ku Poland amatchula agalu ena awiri ochokera ku Czech omwe amakhala ndi King Boleslav the Bold. Wolemba nkhani yakale kwambiri ku Poland, Gall Anonymous, alemba kuti Boleslav ankakonda agaluwa, koma amawayankhula ngati achilendo, achi Czech.
Zambiri zowonjezera zimapezeka pambuyo pake, m'magwero achi France. Jules Michelet akuwafotokoza m'buku lake la Histoire de France. Agalu atatu adaperekedwa ndi mfumu yaku Czech Charles IV, waku France Charles V. Zomwe zidachitikira galu wachitatu sizikudziwika, koma awiri adalandira cholowa ndi mwana wa Charles VI.
Chifukwa cha cholinga chake, mtunduwo udatha kupulumuka kuchepa kwa Middle Ages, kudayamba mizu pakati pa anthu wamba. Mwa Kubadwanso Kwatsopano, ikadalipobe, komanso, idasunthira kuchokera kuzinyumba kupita kunyumba zachifumu. M'malo motchulidwa m'mabuku, zida zankhondo tsopano zikuwonetsedwa pazojambula ngati anzawo achifumu.
Pofika m'zaka za zana la 19, chidwi pamtunduwu chinali chitatsika pang'ono chifukwa cha zolembedwazo za Miniature Pinschers. Nkhondo Yoyamba ndi Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse pomaliza idathetsa chidwi cha mtunduwo. Akatswiri ofufuza za matendawa T. Rotter ndi O. Karlik anayesa kutsitsimutsa mtunduwo, koma Czech Republic inali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Soviet ndipo mabuku a ziweto anatayika.
Kutsitsimutsa kwa mtunduwo kunayamba kwawo 1980, koma mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka zikubwerazi sikunadziwike kunja kwa dzikolo. Lero sakuwopsezedwa, koma anthu ndi ochepa.
Pali agalu pafupifupi 6,000, kuphatikiza mtunduwo sunazindikiridwe ndi FCI. Makoswe adatchuka kwambiri kunyumba komanso m'maiko omwe kale anali USSR.
Kufotokozera
Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi Chihuahuas kapena Miniature Pinschers. Ndi agalu okongola, owonda, okhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala komanso khosi lalitali. Thupi ndi lalifupi, pafupifupi lalikulu. Mchira ndi wowongoka. Mutu ndi wokongola, wooneka ngati peyala, wokhala ndi maso akuda, akutuluka.
Mphuno ndi yaifupi, ndi kuyimitsidwa kotsimikizika. Zikamafota, zimakwana 20-23 cm, zolemera kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 3.6 makilogalamu, koma nthawi zambiri zimalemera pafupifupi 2.6 kg.
Mbali ya mtunduwo ndi mtundu wake: wakuda ndi wakuda kapena wabulauni ndi utoto, wokhala ndi mawanga pankhope, pachifuwa ndi pamiyendo. Chovalacho ndi chowala, chachifupi, pafupi ndi thupi.
Khalidwe
Makoswe a Prague akhala pafupi ndi anthu pafupifupi zaka 1000. Ndipo ngati sanali oseketsa, okangalika komanso okoma, sizokayikitsa kuti akanatha kuchita bwino.
Agalu ang'onoang'ono awa amakonda kwambiri eni ake, koma nthawi yomweyo ali ndi mawonekedwe awo. Amakonda masewera, zochitika, kukhala pagulu la anthu ndipo sakonda kusungulumwa komanso kusungulumwa.
Ngakhale kukula kocheperako, malangizowo amaphunziridwa bwino ndipo maphunziro oyambira amaperekedwa popanda mavuto. Ndi omvera, achikondi, chidwi ndi kutamanda. Amatha kulimbikitsidwa kwa oweta agalu a novice, popeza kulibe mavuto pakulamulira, nkhanza kapena madera.
Kuphatikiza apo, krysariki akuwoneka kuti adapangidwira kuti azikhala m'nyumba. Kumbali imodzi, ndi ochepa, komano, safuna zolimbitsa thupi zambiri.
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu pakusunga nyumba ndikuti amakhala chete. Kwa mitundu yaying'ono ya agalu, izi sizinthu zomwe sizachilendo, koma ndizosatheka.
Mwa zovuta, amatha kudwala matenda ang'onoang'ono agalu. Koma, sikulakwa kwawo, koma eni ake omwe samamvetsetsa kuti galu si mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe chakusaka cha mtunduwu sichinathe konse ndipo agalu amatsata agologolo, hamsters, mbewa ndi makoswe.
Chisamaliro
Zosavuta kwambiri, zochepa. Galu ali ndi malaya owongoka, osavuta kusamalira komanso kukula kwakung'ono. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa m'makutu, omwe amapangidwa kuti alole dothi ndi zinthu zakunja kuti zilowe.
Zaumoyo
Kutalika kwa moyo kumakhala zaka 12-14. Samadwala matenda apadera, koma chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwawo amakhala osweka ndi kuvulala m'maso.
