Cynotilapia afra kapena cichlid galu (Latin Cynotilapia afra, English afra cichlid) ndi mbuna yonyezimira yochokera ku Lake Malawi ku Africa.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Cynotilapia afra (yemwe kale anali Paratilapia afra) adafotokozedwa ndi Gunther mu 1894. Dzinalo limatanthauziridwa kuti cichlid wa mano, choncho ndi cichlid wa galu, ndipo limafotokoza mano akuthwa, opindika osagwirizana ndi mtundu wina wa katemera wa ku Malawi. Amapezeka m'nyanja ya Malawi.
Mitunduyi imapezeka kufupi ndi gombe lakumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka ku Ngara. Pamphepete mwa nyanja yakum'mawa, imapezeka pakati pa Makanjila Point ndi Chuanga, Lumbaulo ndi Ikombe, komanso kuzilumba za Chizumulu ndi Likoma.
Cichlid uyu amakhala m'malo amiyala mozungulira nyanja. Amapezeka kuzama mpaka 40 m, koma ofala kwambiri pamtunda wakuya 5 - 20. Kuthengo, akazi amakhala okhaokha kapena amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'madzi otseguka, momwe amadyera makamaka ku plankton.
Amphongo ali ndi gawo, amateteza gawo lawo m'miyala, ndipo amadyetsa makamaka ndere zolimba zomwe zimalumikizana ndi miyala.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amadyera m'miyala pafupi ndi nyumba zawo. Zazikazi zimasonkhana pakati pamadzi ndikudya zamtchire.
Kufotokozera
Amuna amatha kukula mpaka 10 cm, akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako komanso ocheperako. Cynotilapia afra ili ndi thupi lokhalitsa lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda buluu ndi yakuda.
Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu kutengera dera lomwe nsombayo idachokera.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu ochokera ku Jalo Reef sali achikasu m'thupi, koma ali ndi chikasu chachikasu. M'madera ena, mulibe chikasu konse, pomwe ku Kobue ndiye mtundu waukulu.
Zovuta zazomwe zilipo
Ndi nsomba yayikulu kwa onse otsogola komanso odziwa bwino ntchito zamadzi. Zitha kukhala zosavuta kuzisamalira, kutengera kufunitsitsa kwam'madzi kuti asinthe madzi pafupipafupi ndikukhala ndi madzi okwanira.
Ndi kichlid wankhanza pang'ono, koma siyoyenera malo okhala m'madzi ambiri ndipo sangasungidwe ndi nsomba zina kupatula cichlids. Ndizolemba zoyenera, zimasinthasintha mosavuta kudyetsa, kuchulukana mosavuta, ndipo ana amakula mosavuta.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Madzi ambiri a aquarium ayenera kukhala ndi milu yamiyala yoyikika kuti apange mapanga opanda madzi otseguka pakati. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lamchenga.
Cynotilapia afra amakhala ndi chizolowezi chodzula mbewu mwakukumba nthawi zonse. Magawo amadzi: kutentha 25-29 ° C, pH: 7.5-8.5, kuuma 10-25 ° H.
Cichlids wa ku Malawi adzanyozetsa pansi pamadzi. Sinthani madzi kuchoka pa 10% kufika pa 20% pa sabata kutengera kuchuluka kwachilengedwe.
Kudyetsa
Zosokoneza bongo.
M'madzi a m'nyanja yam'madzi, adya zakudya zowuma komanso zamoyo, ma flakes apamwamba kwambiri, ma pellets, spirulina ndi zakudya zina zam'madzi zam'madzi. Adzadya mpaka kulephera kugaya chakudyacho, chifukwa chake samalani kuti musadye mopitirira muyeso.
Nthawi zonse ndibwino kudyetsa chakudya chochepa kangapo patsiku m'malo mochita kudya kamodzi.
Nsomba zimalandira chakudya chambiri, koma chomera monga spirulina, sipinachi, ndi zina zambiri ndizomwe zimayenera kukhala chakudya.
Ngakhale
Monga mbuna zambiri, afra ndi nsomba yolusa komanso yolanda malo yomwe imangofunika kusungidwa mumtundu kapena tank yosakanikirana.
Mukasakaniza, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kupewa mitundu yofananira. Ndichizolowezi kusunga wamwamuna m'modzi ndi akazi angapo, popeza mtunduwo umakhala wamitala komanso azimayi.
Mitunduyi imakhala yaukali kwambiri kwa anthu ena amtundu womwewo, ndipo kupezeka kwa ena kumathandiza kuthana ndi nkhondoyi.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna ndi owala kwambiri kuposa akazi.
Kuswana
Kwa kuswana, gulu lobereketsa la amuna amodzi ndi akazi 3-6 limalimbikitsidwa.
Kuswana kumachitika mwachinsinsi. Amuna amasankha malo pakati pa zomangamanga kapena kukumba dzenje pansi pa thanthwe lalikulu. Kenako amasambira mozungulira pakhomo la malowa, kuyesa kukopa akazi kuti agone nawo.
Amatha kukhala wankhanza pazokhumba zake, ndipo ndicholinga chothana ndi nkhondoyi kuti ndibwino kukhala ndi akazi 6 m'malo oberekera. Mzimayi akakhala wokonzeka, amasambira kupita kumalo obalirako ndikuikira mazira pamenepo, kenako amawatengera pakamwa.
Amuna ali ndi mawanga kumapeto kwa kumatako omwe amafanana ndi mazira achikazi. Akayesera kuwonjezeramo ana m'kamwa mwake, amalandira umuna kuchokera kwa wamwamuna, potero umakankhira mazirawo.
Mzimayi amatha kuswa mazira 15-30 kwa milungu itatu asanatulutse mwachangu. Sadzadya panthawiyi. Ngati mkazi wapanikizika kwambiri, amatha kulavulira kapena kudya ana asanakwane, choncho chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa ngati mungasankhe kusuntha nsomba kuti zisawononge mwachangu.
Mwachangu atha kukhala ndi yolk sac akamamasulidwa ndipo safunika kudyetsedwa mpaka atapita.
Ngati atulutsidwa opanda thumba la yolk, mutha kuyamba kudyetsa nthawi yomweyo. Ndi zazikulu mokwanira kulandira brine shrimp nauplii kuyambira pobadwa.
