Mukayang'ana mbira, anthu ambiri amakhudzidwa, chifukwa amapereka chithunzi cha nyama yabwino komanso yoweta. Koma izi siziri choncho. Kukumana naye kuthengo kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Nyama iyi ili ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu kwambiri, imatha kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa ndipo abale nthawi zonse amatha kumuthandiza. Ali ndi gulu lotukuka kwambiri.
Ndipo alenje, powerenga zizolowezi zawo, amadziwa izo mbira - nyama anzeru, odzidalira, okhoza kupulumuka m'malo ovuta. Amakonza moyo wake moyenera. Mizinda yonse yochokera m'mabowo omwe nyamazi zimadzipangira ndi nyumba zodabwitsa zapansi panthaka.
Amachokera kubanja la weasel ndipo amapezeka kulikonse, padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero chawo ndi chachikulu. Mbira zakutchire Nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka m'chilengedwe. Pakakhala potentha, zilombo zolusa sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zizikhala nawo, koma kukazizira, zimabisala mwakuya kotero kuti sizivuta kuzifikira.
Tsoka ilo, mbira nyama yofunika kwambiri pakasaka. Nyama yake ndi yotsekemera kuposa nkhumba, khungu limakhala lolimba, lopanda madzi, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zinthu zapakhomo ndi zina. Tsitsi lalitali la nyama izi limapanga maburashi abwino komanso maburashi. Ndipo mafuta awo ndi mankhwala athanzi kwambiri. Ambiri adapulumutsidwa nawo ngakhale ku chifuwa chachikulu.
Chithunzi cha badger chimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku ndi makanema. Amamuwonetsera ngati chilombo chokoma chovala mkanjo wokongola waubweya wokhala ndi chimbudzi chamizeremizere komanso maso anzeru kwambiri. Wovuta ndi "uncle-badger". Zosangalatsa, zoyambirira, zosangalatsa. Ndi ngwazi yotchuka ya katuni ndi mabuku a ana. Tonsefe timakumbukira zolemba za Harry Potter, pomwe badger ndiye chizindikiro cha Hufflepuff.
Pali Nyanja ya Badger ku Karelia. Chilombocho chikuwonetsedwa pamikono yamizinda yambiri - Karelia yemweyo, m'chigawo cha Sverdlovsk, m'chigawo cha Lvov (Ukraine), ku France ndi Germany, ku Spain ndi ku Finland - kulikonse komwe kuli mizinda yomwe ili ndi chithunzi cha baji chovala. Maiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha nyama iyi pamasitampu otumizira.
Monga munthu wopeka, amatha kukhala wokwiya kwambiri, wokwiya komanso nthawi zambiri wowopsa. Komabe, atha kumufotokozanso ngati wankhondo wamphamvu yemwe amatha kukhala bata munthawi yamtendere. Mtundu uliwonse umamupatsa mawonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, mbira ya ku Japan ndiyochenjera, koma yothamanga, yaku Russia ndiyabwino komanso ndalama, ndipo yaku America ndiyolimba komanso imaba.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Gulu la akatumbu amakhala ndi amuna ndi akazi osiyana zaka, aliyense mwa iwo amatha kutulutsa kununkha. Kutalika, munthu wamkulu amafika 90 cm, yomwe pafupifupi 20 cm imagwera kumchira. Amalemera pafupifupi 25 kg. Thupi la chinyama ndi lalifupi, lakuda, lolimba.
Khosalo ndi lotambalala, mutu wautali umatha ndi chimbudzi chosongoka. Makutu ndi ang'ono, akuda, ndipo ali ndi malire oyera pamwamba. Mano ndi ochepa komanso owongoka, alipo 36, ndipo ma canine amakhala opanda tanthauzo pakapita nthawi.
Chinyamachi chimakutidwa ndi ubweya wandiweyani wolimba, wofanana ndi ma bristles, mtundu kumbuyo kwake umakhala wonyezimira, nthawi zina pamakhala mdima. Tsitsi limodzi pamizu limakhala lachikasu pang'ono, lakuda pakati, ndi loyera kumapeto. Mimba ndi yofiirira. Mutu wake ndi wofiyira wonyezimira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda m'mbali; ndi wopepuka mwa mkazi kuposa wamwamuna. Zotere baji pachithunzichi.
Pansi pa mchira, pali ma gland apadera omwe amatulutsa musk. Kwa munthu, kununkhira komwe nyama imeneyi imatulutsa ndiko, kuyika pang'ono, kosasangalatsa. Nyama yolusa yoyipakoma aukhondo kwambiri.
Amadziwika kuti ndi "wolamulira nkhalango". Sadzakonza malo osungira zinyalala ndi zinyalala mnyumba mwake. Pazofunikira izi ayenera kukumba chipinda chowonjezera chapafupi ndi nyumbayo. Thupi lake likuwoneka kuti linapangidwira kukumba. Zala zake ndizazitali, ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, miyendo ndi khosi ndi zazifupi, amaponyera thupi lake pansi ngati kuboola.
Kusaka koyipa kumachitika ndi dachshunds. Nthawi zina bwenzi limathandiza nyama yovulala. Alenje amati kamodzi, atawombera mbira, adawona chithunzi chodabwitsa.
Anayamba kugubuduzika pansi ndikutulutsa zodandaula. Mwamwayi pambuyo pake, kuti akope chidwi ndi chifundo ena mbira. Chifukwa mzake adadumpha mdzenje, akubuula, adagwira ovulalawo ndikusoweka naye kuthengo.
Mphuno ya nyamayo ndi yovuta kwambiri. Kuti stun chinyama, ndikwanira pang'ono kumenyetsa pamphuno. Nthawi yomweyo, imachita chidwi kwambiri. Khalidwe ili nthawi zambiri limasewera naye.
Konstantin Paustovsky ali ndi nkhani yodabwitsa "Mphuno ya Badger". Mmenemo, katumbu kakang'ono kanakafika kwa anthu omwe anali atakhala pafupi ndi moto omwe ankaphika mbatata (zikuwoneka kuti adakopeka ndi fungo lokoma kwambiri), ndikumenya mphuno zake pamakala.
Kenako adamuthandiza kwa nthawi yayitali m'madzi, ndikuponya chitsa ndi moss wochiritsa. Zonsezi zidawonedwa ndi wolemba nkhaniyi. Ndipo patapita nthawi, akuyenda m'nkhalango, adakumana ndi mbira iyi, ndikumuzindikira ndi chilonda pamphuno pake.
Adakuta, kudandaula ndipo adachoka pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yonseyi akuyang'ana uku ndi uko zosakondwera. Zinali zowonekeratu kuti nyamayo idamuzindikira ndipo idakumbukira mphindi yosasangalatsa yokhudzana ndi munthu. Chilombo chanzeru kwambiri.
Mitundu
Achibale oyandikira kwambiri a badger ndi marten, wolverine, mink, ferret, sable ndi skunk.
Pali mitundu yotsatirayi ya chirombo ichi:
- wamba, amakhala ku Europe, chifukwa chake ku America amatchedwa "European". Ali miyeso muyezo. Mawonekedwe amutu - yopapatiza, yopindika mphero;
- Asia, amakhala mdera lalikulu ku Asia, komanso ku Russia;
- Japan, amakhala ku Japan kokha. Umenewu ndi mtundu wapadera wa katumbu, wotchedwa "werewolf tanuki". Amatha kuwerengedwa ngati agalu amtundu wa raccoon komanso mbira;
- American, wopezeka ku North America. Ili ndi mzere wakuda wakuda womwe ukuyenda pakati pamutu. Komanso, "American" ali ndi pakhosi loyera, ndipo "European" - wakuda. Mawonekedwe amutu wamunthu wotereyu ndi otalika komanso otakata;
- teledu, kapena baji ya nkhumba, imapezeka ku South Asia;
- mbira, kapena badd badger, imapezeka ku Africa, India ndi Middle East. Mitunduyi imamveka bwino kuposa ya mbira zina - pansi wakuda ndi pamwamba;
- sunda stinky badger, wopezeka ku Indonesia;
- ferret badgers, mtundu wa mitundu 4, atatu mwa iwo amakhala ku Indonesia, umodzi ku Asia. Ndiosalala komanso ocheperako kuposa wamba.
Mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala kumadera akumpoto ndi yomwe imabisala. Nyama zakum'mwera zimagwira ntchito chaka chonse.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kupatula Sardinia ndi kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, mbira imapezeka ku Europe konse, komanso ku Asia, kuyambira Syria mpaka Japan komanso kudutsa Siberia mpaka ku Lena. Amakhala m'mayenje, amakhala payekha. Amakumba dzenje ndi zikhadabo zolimba mbali yotentha ya mapiri a nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa zigwa.
Bowolo liyenera kukhala "ndichinsinsi", limakhala ndi malo 4-8 mwadzidzidzi pakagwa ngozi zosayembekezereka. Badger ndi woganizira kwambiri. Kusuntha kulikonse kuli osachepera 3 m kutalika, ndipo nyamayo imasanthula mobwerezabwereza ndikukonzanso chilichonse. Malo obisalako amatha kupezeka pansi kwambiri padziko lapansi, kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 3 mita.
Imeneyi ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri, nthawi zonse yoonetsetsa kuti mink yake ndi youma, sikugwa. Samadzipulumutsa payekha, kukumba dzenje pafupi kuti awonongeke. Amasunganso zotsalira kumeneko.
M'dzenjemo, amakonzekera nyengo yozizira. Mbira ndiyo nyama yokhayo yomwe imabisala ku banja la weasel. Nyengo yamvula yozizira isanayambike, amakonza masamba ofunda pabowo lake. Kenako amapindika kukhala mpira, ndikumata mutu wake pakati pa zikhomo zakutsogolo ndi matalala.
Nthawi zina tulo tanyama tikhoza kusokonezedwa mosayembekezereka, ngati timbalangondo, makamaka nthawi yachisanu yozizira. Kenako chilombocho chimadzuka ndi kutuluka panja. Hibernation imathera kumapeto. Mbira imadzuka yopyapyala, ngakhale idagona ndimimba yozungulira, yolimba.
Kusuntha kwa nyama kunja kumawoneka kovuta, kochedwa. Imayenda pang'ono ndikumanga miyendo. Ndi nyama yowira bwanji nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzimvetsa. Maganizo ake onse ndi achilendo. Amawoneka ngati nkhumba, ndipo ngakhale kubuula ngati iye.
Mbira zimakhala awiriawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala othamanga kukagula ndowa yawoyawo. Nthawi zina mutha kuwona matumba athunthu a nyama izi. Amakumba nthaka mbali zonse, ndikupanga labyrinths weniweni pansi pake.
Munthu amangodabwa momwe amapitira kumeneko. Ambiri mwa fungo. Dzenje lamoyo limalimidwa ndi mbira, kenako limasungabe kununkhiraku. Ngakhale kabowo kamene kamasiyidwa kamanunkhiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mabowo a Badger, momwe mabanja akulu amakhala, pazaka zambiri amasandulika maufumu apansi panthaka, okhala ndi magawo ambiri, ndipo amapitilira nyumba zawo ndi cholowa. Chilombocho ndi chowopsa. Amatsatira maziko ndi miyambo mnyumba mwake.
Mbira zakale ndi nyama zosasangalatsa: aulesi, okwiya, osayenera kuweta. Koma achichepere, odyetsedwa mu ukapolo, makamaka pazakudya zamasamba, m'malo mwake, amakhala owuma ndikutsatira eni ake ngati agalu.
Amanena kuti mbira, poleredwa ndi munthu, imakhala ngati ana agalu. Ankasewera wina ndi mnzake, akuwa, akung'ung'uza ngati anyani, amakumbatirana mwachikondi ngati anyani, amatenga zikwi zingapo ndikuwonetsa kutengeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Mwambiri, tidazindikira kuti mbira zili ndi chilankhulo chawo. Amapanga mawu apadera panjira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziganiza kuti akulankhula. Pali mawu pafupifupi 16 mu "lexicon yolankhula" yawo.
Nyama yotere imakonda kulankhulana, makamaka ikakhala kuti ili bwino. Mwa iwo okha, ma badger amakonzanso "maphwando" ena, amapita kukacheza, kukawona momwe mnansi wawo amakhalira.
Zakudya zabwino
M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, chakudya cha mbira makamaka mizu, tizilombo, nkhono ndi mbozi. Nthawi zina, amatha kumenya kalulu kapena kuwononga chisa cha mbalame. Ndipo imathanso kukoka mwana wankhuku wakugwa, kukwera mzisa. M'dzinja, amadyetsa zipatso zakugwa, samanyoza mbewa, timadontho-tating'ono, achule, njoka.
Nthawi zina mbira zakutchire akhoza kukwera pabwalo kupita kwa munthu, kuba nkhuku. Mwambiri, nyamayo imakhala ngati nyama yolusa, yomwe ili. Ku Eastern Siberia, mbalame zinawonedwa zikuukira ana a ng'ombe, zomwe zidapweteketsa anthu am'mudzimo. Khalidwe ili limakakamiza munthu kuti amutchere msampha ndi msampha.
Komabe, phindu lomwe chinyama chimabweretsa ndikuwonongeka kwambiri komanso kuvulazidwa nalo. M'malo mwake, imatsuka chilengedwe ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nyama izi ndi osaka mwakhama komanso aluso. Pakusaka kamodzi, amatha kugwira anthu 70. Amadya pang'onopang'ono, kusiya chakudya chomwe sanadye nthawi yomweyo.
Pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira amayamba kudya kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha. Pakadali pano, ubweya wa mbira umalimbikitsidwa, m'mimba mwazunguliridwa, ndipo umayenda pang'onopang'ono kuposa masiku onse. Amayesetsa kusunga mphamvu zowononga nthawi yozizira. Kulemera kwake pakadali pano kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 35.
Kafukufuku wazakudya zamagulu a badger amaphunziridwa mozama m'mayunivesite, malo osungira ndi malo opumulira, chifukwa zimatha kukhudza chilengedwe chonse m'derali. Zidapezeka kuti chakudya cha nyama iyi chimaphatikizapo nyama zam'mimba (makoswe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, lagomorphs, mbalame, zokwawa, nsomba) ndi nyama zopanda mafupa (gastropods, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, coleoptera, odyera akufa, lamellar kafadala, mphutsi zawo, ziphuphu, hymenopterans, coleoptera , Orthoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera).
Zomera, zipatso - sitiroberi, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, mizu yazomera zina ndi oats nawonso adalowa mndandanda waziphuphu. Zakudya zamasamba mu chakudya cha nyama ndizochepa kuposa chakudya cha nyama. Ndipo kuchokera ku chakudya cha nyama tizilombo ndi nyama zofooka zimapambana. Chilichonse chomwe munthu anganene, mbira imatha kutchedwa kuti "yoyeretsa nkhalango".
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mwamuna akasankha wamkazi, amamusamalira, nyama zimakondana, zimveka ndikumasisita. Amuna amatha kumenyera anzawo. Ndiyeno amakhala osasunthika komanso ankhanza: amathamangitsana, amakola, amaluma mdani. Ndiye kudekha, ubwenzi komanso kuthandizana kubwerera ku kogona kwawo.
Badgers ndi nyama zam'banja komanso zamakhalidwe abwino. Amakhala banja logwirizana komanso lolimba, pomwe aliyense amakhala ndi maudindo ndi maudindo. Amayi achikazi ndiye omwe amapanga komanso kuphunzitsa ana. Mwambiri, kuswana kwa mbira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri malinga ndi nthawi.
Amatha kukwatirana mchaka, ndipo umuna weniweni umachitika mu Disembala. Chifukwa chake, wamkazi amabala dzira masiku 270 mpaka 450. Uku ndi luso lapadera. Mwinanso, chilengedwe chimamupatsa mwayi wosankha nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobadwa kwa ana.
Amuna amaoneka akhungu kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinyalala kuyambira pa 3 mpaka 6. Badgers amalemera magalamu 75 mpaka 130. Maso awo atsekeka pafupifupi masiku 35. Khungu liri ndi zofewa zofewa, koma chizindikiro chawo chosiyana chikuwonekera kale pamutu - chojambula chakuda ndi choyera.
Mayi amawasamalira modekha komanso mwachidwi, kupeza chakudya mpaka atakula. Izi zimachitika nthawi yophukira isanakwane, ndiye kuti mbira zazing'ono zimayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Bambo wamwamuna ndi womanga komanso wosaka. Amayang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse momwe nyumbayo iliri, amakonza zovuta zosiyanasiyana, amatulutsa alendo osayitanidwa.
Kuyambira ali mwana, mkazi amaphunzitsa anawo kukhala aukhondo ndi aukhondo. Komanso pafupi ndi khola la achikulire, mink amatulutsidwa m chisa cha ana pazosowa ndikuwononga chakudya. Nthawi zambiri mbira zimakhala kuthengo zaka 10-12, kunyumba zimakhala zaka 16.
Nyama iyi imatha kunyamula matenda owopsa: chiwewe, chifuwa chachikulu cha ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ena, katemera amabwera pamene chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka. Nyama imathanso kufa isanakwane pambuyo polimbana ndi adani achilengedwe - mimbulu, mphaka ndi agalu, zoweta ndi zoweta.
Munthu amakhudza moyo wa mbira m'njira ziwiri. Ngakhale osamusaka, amakhalabe ndi mphamvu pa anthu amtunduwu. Pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, nyamazi zimatha kupeza chakudya chawo panthawi yanjala. Mbali inayi, chitukuko cha anthu ndichopanda chifundo kwa zinyama. Kupanga misewu kumawononga maukonde amizinda. Ndipo nyama zimafera m'manja.
Tisaiwale kuti baji imalembedwa mu International Red Book m'njira zovomerezeka, monga mtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo chotha. Nyama ndiyofala kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo imaswana mosiyanasiyana.
Ndiwosamalika komanso wotopetsa, wosamalitsa komanso wosamala, nthawi zina wopanda nzeru komanso wamakani, sadzadzipsetsa mtima, ngakhale ali wokonda kunyinyirika. Ngati zingafunike, imatha kulimbana ngakhale ndi chilombo chachikulu. Ngakhale amakonda amakonda kubisala.
Chofunika kwambiri kwa iye ndi nyumba yake. Ndipo ali wokonzeka kuteteza ndi mano, zikhadabo, mwamphamvu komanso mwankhanza. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala wopambana kuchokera pankhondoyi ndi omwe alibe nzeru. Mu moyo wamba, amakhala wodekha, koma pakakhala ngozi amakhala mdani wamkulu.
