Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mkango wanyanja
Kutsekedwa mkango wanyanja amadziwika kuti ndi wachibale kwambiri pazisindikizo zaubweya ndipo ndi am'banja la zisindikizo zamakutu ndi asayansi. Chopepuka, chachikulu, koma chosinthika komanso chochepa, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zisindikizo, thupi la nyamayi limatha kutalika kwa mita ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Chiwerengerochi chimafotokoza zambiri za chidwi kukula kwa mkango wam'nyanja... Pankhani yolemera, amunawo ndiwokulirapo, osangalatsa ndi ma kilogalamu mazana atatu a mnofu wamoyo. Zoona, mikango yamadzi yam'madzi imakhala yocheperako katatu kuposa oimira theka lamwamuna.
Mtundu wabwinobwino wa nyama ndi wakuda kapena wakuda-bulauni. Monga mukuwonera chithunzi cha mkango wanyanja, mutu wa zolengedwa zam'madzi izi ndi zazing'ono; Mphuno imafanana ndi ya galu, yayitali, yokhala ndi ndevu zakuda zotchedwa vibrissae.
Maso a nyama akutuluka pang'ono, akulu. Amuna omwe afika pokhwima amadziwika ndi kakhonde kakang'ono kotukuka, komwe kumawoneka ngati mawonekedwe akulu. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amakongoletsedwera ndi manewa wamfupi wopangidwa pakhosi ndi tsitsi lokulirapo kuposa akazi.
Kufotokozera kwa mkango wanyanja sikutheka kulingalira kwathunthu, popanda chomaliza cha zizindikilo zotchulidwazo, popeza ndiye amene adakhala chifukwa cha dzina la chirombo ichi, chomwe ndicholinga chofunikira kwambiri, popeza kuti mikango yakunyanja imamveka ngati chiphokoso, koma mawu awo amabangula pang'ono kuposa zisindikizo zaubweya.
Khosi la nyama limasinthasintha komanso ndilitali mokwanira. Zipinipini zawo zolimba ndi miyendo yosunthika zimawalola kuyenda mwachangu pamtunda, zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi zisindikizo zosakhazikika.
Komabe, ubweya wa mikango yam'nyanja sichisangalala makamaka kachulukidwe, komanso, ndiwofupikitsa, chifukwa chake amawerengedwa kuti ndi ocheperako pamtengo ndipo ndiwotsika mtengo kuposa abale am'banjamo.
Moyo wamkango wam'nyanja ndi malo okhala
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ya nyama zoterezi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi mkango wakumpoto wanyanja, wotchedwanso nyanja mkango. Chilombochi chimakongoletsedwa ndi mane wa golide ndipo chimafota kwambiri. Kulemera kwa amuna amtunduwu kumafika makilogalamu 350.
Ma stoker a mikango yam'madzi a Steller afalikira pafupifupi gombe lonse la Pacific Ocean ndi zilumba zapafupi. Amapezeka m'madzi a Far East, Japan, USA ndi Canada. Ponena za mitundu iyi, ndikofunikira kunena kuti mikango yam'nyanja imadziwika kuti ndi yosawerengeka ndipo imafunika chitetezo.
Nyanja Yakumwera Yakumtunda imapezeka nthawi zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'madzi am'nyanja a New World, omwe amakhala kutsidya lina la equator. Mitunduyi ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mikango yamphongo ndi mikango yamphongo.
Zitsanzo zamwamuna nthawi zina zimakhala pafupifupi mita zitatu kutalika, ndipo abwenzi awo amakhala ocheperako. Oimira mitunduyo ndi abuluu wonyezimira ndipo alibe mane.
Nyama yam'nyanja yam'nyanja
Anthu okhala kumadzi akumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean ndi nthumwi za mitundu yaku California. Zolengedwa zotere zimasiyanitsidwa makamaka ndi luntha lawo lapadera ndipo ndizosavuta kuphunzitsa.
Kuyambira kale, nzika zadziko la New World zinkasaka nyama izi, poyesedwa ndi nyama, mafuta ndi zikopa zawo. Ndipo pakubwera kwa azungu ku kontrakitala, malonda ambirimbiri adayamba posakhalitsa, pomwe nyama zidakulirakulira. Koma pakadali pano pali malamulo okhwima pakugwira ndikusaka nthumwi za nyama.
Anthu osiyanasiyana ku Australia, kutengera mtundu, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa thupi. Amuna amatuluka ndi utoto wakuda wakuda, pomwe akazi ndi opepuka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadzitama ndi malaya amvi siliva. Mtundu wina wa nyama izi ukusowa chitetezo. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mikango yam'nyanja ya New Zealand ikapezeka m'chilengedwe mobwerezabwereza kuposa pano.
Koma chifukwa chakuzunzidwa ndi mafakitale m'zaka zana zapitazo, anthu awo adachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ndipo m'malo ena omwe amakhala kale, mwachitsanzo, kuzilumba za Auckland, mtundu uwu udawonongedweratu.
Mitundu yonse yama pinniped yomwe ikufotokozedwayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwamaganizidwe, monga umboni wa magawo ena aubongo omwe amakula kwambiri. Nyama zimayenda m'madzi, chomwe ndi chachikulu Malo okhala mikango yam'nyanjakomwe amatha kuwonetsa zozizwitsa zenizeni za ma acrobatics.
Awa, makamaka, amakhala kum'mwera kwa hemisphere, omwe amapezeka pagombe lotseguka pansi pa nyanja ndi nyanja, pagombe lamchenga ndi miyala, m'nkhalango zam'madzi.
Kutaya miyoyo yawo m'madzi ofunda, safuna mafuta ochulukirapo, chifukwa chake alibe mafuta. Izi, komanso kutsika kwa ubweya wawo, zidapangitsa kuti kusaka chilombocho kukhale kopanda phindu, komwe kudawapulumutsa ku chiwonongeko chachikulu.
Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya mikango yam'nyanja, monga tanenera kale, ikufunikirabe chitetezo chapadera. Izi zikuphatikizanso, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zalembedwa kale, imodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono zaku California - galapagos mkango wanyanja.
Njira zokhalira ndi zolengedwa izi ndi zoweta, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama m'chilengedwe ndizochulukirapo. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kumtunda, koma zimachitika kuti amapita kunyanja.
Posambira, ziwongola dzanja zawo zimayenda mwamphamvu. Kupalasa motere, nyama zimayenda m'malo am'nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amayenda maulendo ataliatali osapitilira 25 km, ndipo samapanga nyengo zosunthira.
Adani a nyama m'chilengedwe ndi anamgumi opha ndi nsombazi, zomwe zimawaukira pafupipafupi. Chidwi zambiri za mikango yam'nyanja ndipo chitsimikizo cha luntha lawo lotukuka ndizosazindikira za kupempha kwa oimira nyama kuti atetezedwe ku ziwopsezo za adani kwa anthu omwe akudutsa zombo ndi ma yatchi.
Chakudya cha mkango wa m'nyanja
Nyama zam'madzi zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimatha kulowa m'madzi akuya mita zana limodzi kapena kupitilira apo, ndikudumpha kuchokera kutalika kwa mita makumi awiri. Posamukira kumalo oterowo mosavutikira kwambiri komanso kukongola kouluka kwa mbalame m'mlengalenga, zimasaka nsomba ndi nkhanu, zimadya mollusks, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawombera limodzi. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka masukulu akuluakulu a nsomba akawonekera.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsa kuti amadya mkango wa m'nyanja ndi zomwe nyanja yakuya imamutumizira, koma mokwanira chakudya chake chiyenera kufotokozedwa kutengera komwe akukhala.
Mwachitsanzo, chakudya chamikango yam'madzi nthawi zambiri chimakhala: hering'i yaying'ono, pollock ndi capelin, ma halibuts akulu ndi ma greenlays, mitundu yambiri ya gobies ndi zophulika, komanso malo okhala, nsomba, ma stingray, ma gerbils ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala munyanja.
Kwa izi kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ma cephalopods ndi octopus, nthawi zina udzu wam'madzi komanso ngakhale nsombazi zimakhala chakudya chawo. Ndipo amuna amphongo akunyanja yakumwera samangodya octopus ndi squid, komanso amasaka anyani. Nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali asodzi, kuwononga maukonde awo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mkango wanyanja
Pakati pa nyengo yakumasirana, yomwe imachitika kamodzi pachaka pagombe la nyama, mikango yam'madzi imakhala modekha kuposa, monga zisindikizo kapena njovu. Kukhala m'dera linalake ndi kuteteza malire ake kuti alendo asakulowetseni, mkango wamphongo wamphongo ngakhale nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi abale omenyera nkhondo, kuteteza ufulu wake kwa azimayi, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ndi akazi, koma nthawi zambiri, koma nkhondo zowopsa zamagazi sizimachitika.
Pachithunzicho, mkango wanyanja wokhala ndi mwana
Zowona, pali zosiyana pamalamulo awa. Mwachitsanzo, mikango yamphongo yakum'mwera yamwamuna, ikakula, imayang'anira gulu la akazi achikulire pofunafuna anzawo. Chifukwa cha ziwopsezo zotere, pamabuka mikangano yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo otayika amalandira zilonda zakupha zamagazi.
Kumalo osungira akazi, anthu omwe satenga nawo mbali pakubereka nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa tsambalo, amakhala m'malo osiyana nawo. NDI mkango wamkazi wamkazi zitakwatirana, zimabereka ana awo chaka chathunthu kuti zizitenganso pakati ndipo pakatha chaka zimaberekanso ana.
Mwini wa harem amakhala tcheru kuti awonetsetse kuti okondedwa ake sakuyang'ana pambali ndipo alibe ubale ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Koma iwowo, pakadali pano, ali okonzeka kuzichita nthawi iliyonse, akuyang'anitsitsa chuma cha amuna ena.
Kujambulidwa ndi khanda lamnyanja lamnyamata
Ana a mikango yam'nyanja amakhala ndi ubweya wagolide atangobadwa ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 20 kg. Kwa masiku angapo oyamba, samasiya amayi omwe amawateteza. Koma pambuyo pa kukwatira kwotsatira, komwe kumatha kukhala sabata atabereka, amayamba kuchepa chidwi ndi anawo ndikupita kunyanja kwakanthawi kofunafuna chakudya. Komabe, amayi a mikango yam'nyanja amapitilizabe kudyetsa ana awo mkaka, womwe umakhala ndi mafuta mpaka 30%, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, achichepere amayamba kusokera m'magulu awo ndikuphunzira nzeru za moyo, kukula mpaka kutha msinkhu m'magulu azachinyamata. Pamaso pa amuna, akazi amakhala okhwima, olumikizana ndi azimuna amuna aliwonse azaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Amuna, omwe amapikisana pakati pawo kuti asankhe osankhidwa, amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta pofunafuna mwayi wopeza azimayi omwe amafunidwa, chifukwa chake amakhala ndi akazi awo asanakwanitse zaka zisanu. Pafupifupi, mikango yam'nyanja imakhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri.
