Mtundu wa nyengo yozizira umakhala wofanana ndi gawo la malamba a arctic ndi subarctic. Pali chodabwitsa ngati usiku wa kum'mwera, pomwe dzuwa silimawoneka kumtunda kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi imeneyi, mulibe kutentha ndi kuwala kokwanira.
Mawonekedwe a nyengo yaku Arctic
Chodziwika bwino cha nyengo yozizira ndi mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Apa nthawi zina zokha pachaka kutentha kumakwera pamwamba pa zero, chaka chonse - chisanu. Chifukwa cha izi, madzi oundana amapangidwa pano, ndipo gawo lina la dzikolo lili ndi chivundikiro chachikulu cha chisanu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dziko lapadera la zinyama ndi zinyama lakhazikitsidwa kuno.
Zofunika
Makhalidwe apamwamba a nyengo yozizira:
- kuzizira kozizira kwambiri;
- chilimwe chachifupi komanso chozizira;
- mphepo yamphamvu;
- Mphepo imagwa pang'ono.
Mvumbi
Malo ozungulira nyengo ya Arctic amagawika m'magulu awiri. M'dera la kontinenti, pafupifupi mamilimita 100 amvula amagwa pachaka, m'malo ena - 200 mm. M'dera la nyengo yam'nyanja, mvula imagwa ngakhale pang'ono. Chipale chofewa kwambiri chimagwa, ndipo m'nyengo yotentha yokha, kutentha kukangofika ku 0 degrees Celsius, kumagwa mvula.
Gawo la nyengo yozizira
Nyengo ya Arctic imafanana ndi madera akumadzulo. Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi, nyengo yamtunduwu imafala kwambiri kudera la Antarctic. Ponena za kumpoto, imakhudza Nyanja ya Arctic, kunja kwa North America ndi Eurasia. Nayi lamba wachilengedwe wazipululu za arctic.
Nyama
Zinyama zomwe zili m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri ndizosauka, popeza zamoyo zimayenera kusintha kuti zikhale zovuta. Mimbulu yakumpoto ndi mandimu, agwape aku New Zealand ndi nkhandwe zakumtunda zimakhala mdera lamayiko ndi zisumbu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ng'ombe musk ku Greenland. Chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zanyengo ya Arctic ndi chimbalangondo chakumtunda. Amakhala pamtunda ndipo amasambira m'madzi.
Dziko la mbalame limaimiridwa ndi kadzidzi wakumtunda, guillemots, eider, rosy gulls. M'mphepete mwa nyanja muli magulu azisindikizo ndi ma walrus. Kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga, Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, kutentha kwanyengo kumathandizira kuchepa kwa ziweto ndi mbalame. Mitundu ina imatetezedwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kwa izi, nkhokwe zadziko zimapangidwanso.
Zomera
Maluwa a tundra ndi chipululu m'nyengo yozizira ndi osauka. Palibe mitengo pano, zitsamba zokha, udzu, moss ndi ndere. M'madera ena, nthawi yotentha, poppies a polar, bluegrass, alpine foxtail, sedge, ndi chimanga zimamera. Mitengo yambiri imakhala pansi pa madzi oundana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti nyama zizipeza chakudya chawo.
Kutalika
Matalikidwe azanyengo za Arctic ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu. Mwambiri, kutentha kwa chaka chonse kumakhala pakati pa + 5- + 10 mpaka -40 madigiri Celsius. Nthawi zina m'malo ena pamakhala kuchepa mpaka madigiri -50. Zinthu zotere ndizovuta pamoyo wamunthu, chifukwa chake kafukufuku wa sayansi komanso kutulutsa kwa zinthu zopangira zimachitika makamaka pano.
Kutentha
Nthawi yozizira yambiri imakhala m'malo ozizira kwambiri. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala madigiri -30 Celsius. Chilimwe ndi chachifupi, chimatenga masiku angapo mu Julayi, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumafikira madigiri 0, kumatha kufikira madigiri 5, koma posachedwa chisanu chimabweranso. Zotsatira zake, mlengalenga mulibe nthawi yotentha munthawi yochepa ya chilimwe, madzi oundana samasungunuka, komanso, dziko lapansi sililandira kutentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo ladziko lonse lapansi limakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo madzi oundana amayandama m'madzi.
