Beloshey (Ariser canagicus) ndi nthumwi ina ya banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes, chifukwa cha utoto wake amadziwika kuti tsekwe zamtambo. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la makumi awiri, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kudatsika kuchoka pa 138,000 mpaka 41,000, ndipo akuphatikizidwa mu Red Book.
Kufotokozera
Mbali yapadera ya woimira tsekwe ndi mtundu wake wachilendo. Gawo lakumtunda kwa mbalameyi ndi imvi-buluu, nthenga iliyonse imathera ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. Ndi mawonekedwe amdima chonchi, nsana wake wonse ukuwoneka wokutidwa ndi masikelo. Mame onse ndi gawo lakumunsi la mchira ali ndi nthenga zofiirira zofiirira, pamutu pake pali chipewa choyera. Nthenga zotere zimakhala ndi gawo loteteza komanso kubisa, utoto umalola kuti mwiniwake abisala pakati pamiyalayo komanso kuti asawonekere kwa adani omwe akuzungulira mlengalenga.
Beloshey amasiyana ndi atsekwe wamba wamba kukula, khosi lalifupi ndi miyendo. Mlomo wake ndi wautali wapakatikati, wapinki wotumbululuka, ndipo miyendo yake ndi yachikasu. Kuzungulira maso pali khungu laling'ono lopanda nthenga, iris ndi mdima. Kutalika kwa thupi - 60-75 cm, kulemera - mpaka 2.5 makilogalamu, mapiko a mapiko - pafupifupi.
Chikhalidwe
Pali malo ochepa padziko lapansi pomwe Beloshey ali wokonzeka kukhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, amasankha magombe a Nyanja ya Coastal komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwambiri kwa Asia, Alaska, zilumba za Kuril kuti apange chisa. Imatha kusamukira kuzilumba za Aleutian nthawi yachisanu.
Amakonda chisa pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja, madambo, madambo osefukira ndi madzi. Kuyandikira kwa dziwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa Beloshei, chifukwa ndi m'madzi momwe amathawa adani. Choopsa chachikulu kwa iye: nkhandwe, ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi minks, nkhono ndi kadzidzi zimathanso kusaka anapiye.
Atsekwe amasankha okha moyo wawo wonse, kapena mpaka imfa ya m'modzi wawo. Pamodzi zimauluka, kumanga zisa, komanso kugawana chisamaliro cha ana. Mkazi amasankha malo okonzera mazira ndikukonzekeretsa malo oti adzagwiritsire ntchito mtsogolo. Amuna amapatsidwa ntchito yoteteza malowa: mdani akawonekera pafupi, amuthamangitsa kapena kumutengera pambali, akuimba mokweza ndikuphwanya mapiko ake.
Beloshey amatayira mazira 3 mpaka 10, kuswa kumachitika kokha ndi mayi, yemwe amasiya zowombazo kamodzi patsiku, kwa mphindi zochepa chabe, ndichifukwa chake pasanathe mwezi umodzi amatha kutaya gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a kulemera kwake. Pambuyo masiku 27, ana amabadwa, atatha masiku 10, akakhala kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, banja lonse limasamukira ku dziwe.
Anapiye amakula pang'onopang'ono, pokhapokha kumapeto kwa mwezi wachitatu amatengeka ndi nthenga ndikuyamba kuuluka. Akuluakulu samataya achichepere mchaka chonse, amasunthira limodzi nthawi yachisanu ndikubwerera, ndipo pokhapokha atakhazikitsa mazira atsopano, makolo amapitikitsa ana okulirapo kutali ndi madera awo. Kutha msinkhu ku Belosheevs kumachitika zaka 3-4, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 12, kuthengo, kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono kungakhale 60-80%.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya chokwanira ndicho chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kupulumuka kwa Beloshei m'nyengo yozizira. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi chakudya cha zomera ndi nyama. Nthawi zambiri, amadya mphukira za zomera zomwe zikukula m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amathanso kuthyola masamba mumitengo ndi tchire, ndikudya mosangalala mizu, zimayambira zam'madzi ndi zomera zamadzi.
Amakonda kudya mapira ndi nyemba zomwe zimamera m'minda, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Akumiza mutu wake pansi pamadzi, Beloshey amafufuza nyongolotsi zosiyanasiyana, leeches ndi crustaceans kumunsi. Amagulitsanso mtundu wina wazakudya monga "pading", chifukwa amakumba kukhumudwa pang'ono pamafayilo ndikudikirira funde kuti libweretse nkhono kumeneko.
Zosangalatsa
- Pogwiritsa ntchito chibadwa chowonjezeka cha makolo a Beloshey, mbalame zina zambiri zimaikira mazira m'chisa chake. Sikuti amangobweza mbewu za anthu ena, komanso amawasamalira ngati kuti ndi ake.
- Atsekwe okhala ndi khosi loyera amatha kuswana ndi mitundu ina.
- Makosi oyera amavutika ndi zochita za anthu osati chifukwa cha kusaka, komanso chifukwa chakuti anthu amatenga mazira awo ndikuwadyera.
