Tili ogwirizana kwambiri ndi nyama. Kulumikizana kosasunthika kumeneku ndi chilengedwe nthawi zina kumafotokozedwera m'nthano ndi nthano zakumayiko osiyanasiyana, pomwe moyo wamunthu umadziwika ndi nyama kapena mbalame. Anthu amapatsa abale athu mikhalidwe yomwe angafune kukhala nayo.
Njirayi imatchedwa zoolatria - kupembedza zizindikilo zotchedwa nyama zopatulika. M'mayiko ena pali zizindikilo zambiri, mwa zina chimodzi kapena ziwiri, nthawi zina zimatha kubwerezedwa pakati pa anthu osiyana kotheratu. Tikudziwitsani za nyama zowala kwambiri zamayiko padziko lapansi ndikukuwuzani za mikhalidwe yomwe adagwera mgululi.
Mphaka
Mwina oyandikira kwambiri milunguyo anali nyama zopatulika za ku Igupto wakale... Aiguputo nthawi zambiri amajambula milungu yawo yambiri ili ndi mutu wa kabawi, ibis, ng'ombe, kite, ng'ona, ndi nkhandwe. Koma ulemu wapadera udawonetsedwa kwa amphaka. Amakhulupirira kuti amalumikiza dziko la anthu ndi milungu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatiteteza ku dziko lapansi la akufa.
Mulungu wotchuka kwambiri, wojambulidwa ngati msungwana wokhala ndi mutu wa paka, anali mulungu wamkazi wa chisangalalo, chikondi ndi chisangalalo - Bastet. Zikhulupiriro zingapo zokhudzana ndi amphaka zidachokera ku Egypt - amatha kuchiritsa munthu, amatha kupeza zinthu zotayika, ndipo maso awo amatenga kunyezimira kwa dzuwa ndikuwasunga mpaka m'mawa.
Olemera amphaka amadalira amphaka awo kuti aziyang'anira zodzikongoletsera zawo. Nyamayo ikafa, banjali limalira. Ngati mwiniwake wolemekezeka amwalira, amphaka amawumitsidwa naye. Amayenera kupita naye ku moyo wamtsogolo. Kupha mphaka, kuwonjezera pakupereka nsembe, inali mlandu wakupha.
Komabe, osati mchipembedzo cha Aiguputo chokha, komanso ena ambiri, amakhulupirira kuti amphaka ndi nyama zopatulika. Akhristu amakhulupirira kuti mphaka adapulumutsa Yesu pang'ono kwa njokayo ndikumuwotcha kuzizira. Pochita izi, mphaka amalemekezedwanso ndi Asilamu, kokha kumeneko Mneneri Muhammad adapulumutsidwa. A Slavs nawonso amalemekeza pussies, kuwawona ngati oyang'anira moto, oteteza ku mizimu yoyipa ndi mavuto.
Chifukwa chake chizolowezi choyambitsa mphaka patsogolo panu kulowa m'nyumba yatsopano. Ali ndi miyoyo isanu ndi inayi. Amatha kuyala zoipa m'nyumba yatsopano ndikufa, koma posachedwa adzabadwanso. Mpaka pano, anthu amakhulupirira: ngati mphaka amayang'ana penapake mnyumbamo, ndiye kuti akuwona mzimu. Amphaka akuda anali anzawo amphamvu zoyipa - mfiti, mfiti. Koma izi zimangowapangitsa kukhala achinsinsi.
Mphaka amalemekezedwa ngati nyama yopatulika m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi
Ku China, amakhulupirira kuti poyamba milungu idapatsa amphaka kuti aziwona zochitika za anthu ndikuwayankha. Chifukwa chaichi, anawapatsa luso lolankhula. Koma adakonda kukhala aulesi komanso osangalala, koma sanafune kugwira ntchito, ndipo adawasiya akusowa chonena. Chifukwa chake, tsopano amangoyang'ana mwakachetechete dongosolo m'nyumba.
Ku China, kunali mulungu wamkazi wojambulidwa ngati mphaka - Li Shuo. Ku Japan, chizindikiro cha Maneki-neko ndi chotchuka kwambiri - mphaka wokhala ndi choko chokwera, choyimira mulungu wamkazi wachifundo. Ndichizolowezi kuti mupereke nyumbayo mwayi wonse, komanso kuti mutetezedwe. Ku India, amphaka kuyambira kale amakhala m'makachisi opatulika komanso amawateteza ku njoka.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali "sukulu yamphaka" mdziko muno. Ndi chiphunzitso chakale chachipembedzo chodalira kwathunthu ndi kupembedza Mulungu, monga mphaka wagwidwa ndi mphaka. Pomaliza, mphaka adatengapo gawo pakupulumutsa chingalawa cha Nowa.
Kupatula apo, makoswe ndi mbewa, zomwe zimatenganso awiriawiri, zimachulukanso mwachangu ndikuyamba kuwononga chakudya. Ndiye anali amphaka awiri omwe adasunga nkhokwezo, ndikuwononga makoswe owonjezera. Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti mphaka ndi imodzi mwazinyama zopatulika kwambiri.
Mphaka wa Maneki-neko amabweretsa ndalama kunyumba
Akavalo
Mwina nyama yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri ndi kavalo. Hatchiyo sinakonzedwe nthawi yomweyo, koma idakhala yofunikira msanga. Iye anali wothandizira anthu pakusaka, kumenya nkhondo, ndi kulima. Ndi chifukwa cha mayendedwe okwera pamahatchi pomwe anthu adayamba kulumikizana mwachangu, makalata adawonekera, ndipo chitukuko chidayamba mwachangu.
M'nthano za ku Greece wakale, m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri anali Centaur Chiron (theka-munthu-kavalo), yemwe anali mphunzitsi wa Hercules, Perseus ndi ngwazi zina. Akavalo anali kupembedzedwa ku China, kuwawona ngati chizindikiro cha moto, liwiro, chipiriro ndi zolinga zabwino, komanso ku Japan, komwe mulungu wamkazi Wamayi wachifundo Bato Kanon adawonetsedwa ngati kavalo woyera.
Nthano zambiri zimakhudzana ndi kavalo pakati pa Aselote akale, aku Britain (Britons), komanso aku Ireland. M'nthano zaku Scandinavia, mabingu akuimiridwa ngati akavalo ankhondo aku Valkyries, atsikana ankhondo anzeru, ana akazi a mulungu wankhondo. Mu Chikhristu, kavalo amatanthauza kulimba mtima komanso kuwolowa manja. Iye ndi lingaliro la oyera mtima ambiri.
George Wopambana adamenya njokayo ali pahatchi. Akavalo anayi a Apocalypse amadziwika - nkhondo, imfa, njala, matenda. Olamulira ambiri mmaiko achikhristu adawonetsedwa atakwera pamahatchi posonyeza kukongola kwawo komanso kulimba mtima kwawo. Ku Caucasus ndi Mongolia, kavalo amawerengedwa kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri pakuchita nawo maukwati ndi maliro.
Kuyenda pamahatchi othamanga, okwera mokongoletsa amatenga nawo mbali pamipikisano, masewera, tchuthi. Pakati pa Cossacks, kavalo amadziwika kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa mnzake wamoyo. Ndi amene ali theka lake lina, mnzake, kuthandizira, kuthandizira. Kutayika kavalo kumaonedwa ngati tsoka lalikulu. Chinthu choyamba, atabwera kuchokera ku msonkhanowu, Cossack amayenera kudyetsa ndi kuthirira kavalo, ndikupukuta pouma, kenako atha kudzisamalira yekha.
Asilavo akhala akupembedza akavalo, kangapo konse kuwakondwerera mu epics ndi nthano. Tonsefe timakumbukira mwambi - "lowetsani kavalo mu khutu limodzi, lowa mu linalo - ndipo udzakhala kalonga komanso munthu wokongola." Ndipo otchulidwa m'nthano Sivka-Burka, Kavalo Wamng'ono Wopanda Mapazi, kavalo wa Ilya-Muromets, pamodzi ndi okwera awo, adakweza chidziwitso chathu "pamwamba pa nkhalango yoyimirira, pansi pamtambo woyenda".
Ng'ombe (njati)
Tiyeni tiyambire ndi mawu am'mawu omwe amadziwika ndi ife kuchokera m'Baibulo. "Ng'ombe yopatulika" ndi choletsa, choletsa kuchita chilichonse. Sanachitike mwangozi. Kuyambira kale, kupha ng'ombe kunkaonedwa ngati chinthu choletsedwa. Anapereka nkhosa ndi nkhosa kuti apereke nsembe, koma osati ng'ombe. Ku Igupto wakale, ng'ombeyo idatchulidwa ndi tanthauzo la moyo weniweniwo, ndi kutentha ndi kuwala.
Hathor, mulungu wamkazi wachikondi ndi chisangalalo, namwino wa zinthu zonse, amawonetsedwa ngati ng'ombe. Ku Greece wakale, ngati ng'ombe yoyera yoyera, Zeus adayesa kubisa wokondedwa wake Io m'maso mwa mkazi wake - mulungu wamkazi wamkulu Hera, woyang'anira moto. Ndipo Bingu lomwelo mobwerezabwereza linagwiritsa ntchito fanizo la njati.
Chikhalidwe chapadera pa ng'ombe chakula ku India. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti magalimoto amayimanso m'misewu ngati pali ng'ombe panjira. Ndipo mayendedwewo adafa ziwalo mpaka nyama yomwe ija itasiya njira. Simungamumenye kapena kumuthamangitsa. Ku India, ng'ombe ndi chizindikiro cha Amayi Padziko Lapansi, amatanthauza kuyera, chiyero ndi kuchuluka. Sangaphedwe, kuli bwanji kudya.
Ng'ombeyo inali yolemekezeka kwambiri ku Russia. Mwa Asilavo, ng'ombe ndi chizindikiro chakumwamba, imadyetsa nyama zonse ndi mkaka. Nyama iyi nthawi zonse imakhala ngati namwino; ngati pali ng'ombe mnyumba, ana azidyetsedwa. Ngati tisiyana pang'ono ndi zachipembedzo ndi nthano, tiyeni tikumbukire kuti m'midzi munkhondo yayikulu yakukonda dziko lako, adayesetsa kuti ng'ombeyo isapitirire, ngakhale iwowo alibe chakudya. Imfa imabwera popanda ng'ombe.
Nkhandwe
Chilombo chokongola komanso chowopsa, adasankhidwa ndi anthu ambiri padziko lapansi ngati fano lopatulika, ndipo khalidweli limaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri. Iye ndiye mkhalidwe woipa komanso wankhanza, koma amakhala wolimba mtima komanso wopambana. Mwa Asilavo, nkhandwe - "woopsa", "imvi", nthawi zambiri inali nyama ya totem yamitundu yambiri. Analimbikitsa mantha ndi ulemu.
M'nthano, nthawi zambiri amathandizira munthu kuti aziyenda osati kudziko lakutali, komanso zaka makumi atatu, pambuyo pa moyo. Nthawi zina amatha kukhala woteteza. Kwa anthu ena, nkhandwe ndi werewolf, anali munthu masana, komanso chilombo chowopsa usiku. Kulira kwake kosamveka pamwezi komanso kufunitsitsa kusaka zokha kunadzetsa mantha kwa anthu.
Koma inali nkhandwe yomwe ingathandize kupeza chuma kapena kukumana ndi womwalirayo, ngakhale sizinali zosangalatsa. Adafuna hatchi kapena ng'ombe. M'nthano zaku Aigupto, Upuat anali nkhandwe, mulungu wotsogolera ku ufumu wa akufa. Ankatchedwa "womenya woyamba wa Osiris."
Kwa anthu ambiri aku Europe, wolemekezedwa kwambiri ndi mmbulu wake, yemwe adayamwitsa Romulus ndi Remus, omwe adayambitsa mzinda wa Roma. M'nthano zakale zaku Iran, mmbulu wake adadyetsa mfumu yayikuru Koresi. Mwa anthu aku Turkic, nkhandwe idasankhidwa ngati banja la mabanja, chifukwa chake, mitu ya nkhandwe nthawi zambiri inali pamabendera awo.
Amwenye ndi Aaziteki ali ndi chithunzi chabwino cha nkhandwe. Zimayimira kupambana ndi kutukuka. Mwa a Scandinavians, Fenrir nkhandwe anali cholengedwa chachikulu komanso chowopsa chomwe chidatenga nawo gawo pakufa kwa milungu (Rognarok).
Mimbulu nthawi zonse imayimira ubale wolimba wabanja.
Njovu
Chinyama chachikulu, champhamvu, chabwinobwino sichingakhalebe chodziwika pakugawana malo azinthu zamatsenga. Mu Chiyuda Njovu ndi nyama yopatulika... Fanizo la njovu limatha kubweretsa mwayi komanso chuma m'nyumba mwanu. Kuyambira kale, zimphona izi zakhala zikuluzikulu zankhondo komanso mayendedwe amtendere.
Njovu imadziwika kuti imatha kulandira mizimu ya akufa, makamaka iwo omwe anali oyera m'malingaliro. Ku Thailand, ndizoletsedwa kugula kapena kugulitsa njovu yoyera, koma kungoyitumiza ngati mphatso kwa banja lachifumu. Njovu zikafa, amalira ngati munthu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira apa kuti njovu ndizokhazo zolengedwa, kupatula ife, zomwe zimatha kumvetsetsa zaimfa, osati njovu zokha, komanso anthu. Amakaika m'manda abale awo. Ku India, azimayi osakwatiwa amavina mwanjira yofananira ndi chiboliboli cha njovu kuti awathandize kupeza bwenzi lawo ndikukhala ndi mwayi wokhala m'nyumba.
Nyama yopatulika ku India - chizindikiro cha thanzi komanso ukulu wa dzikolo, malinga ndi Mahatma Gandhi. Anati: "Kukula kwa dziko komanso momwe limakhalira bwino kumayesedwa ndi momwe amasamalirira nyama zake."
Nkhumba (nkhumba)
Zingawoneke zachilendo, koma nkhumba ndi nyama yopatulikaamadziwika ndi mayiko ambiri. Ngakhale ku Egypt wakale, Syria ndi China, nkhumba idalemekezedwa ngati chizindikiro chachuma komanso chisangalalo. Sanaperekedwe nsembe, ndipo ntchito ya woweta nkhumba inali yolemekezeka kwambiri. Munthu amene anakhudza nkhumba ankadziwika kuti ndi wodetsedwa kapena wochimwa.
Kuchokera pano, mwachidziwikire, kudabwera mwambo wa anthu ena osagwiritsa ntchito nkhumba. Koma osati chifukwa ndi yauve, koma chifukwa ndi yochimwa. Muchipembedzo chachikhristu, nkhumba ndi chithunzi cha chiwanda chakusilira chomwe chatenga munthu. Munali mu nkhumba momwe Yesu adasandutsa gulu la mizimu yoyipa ndikuwaponyera pathanthwe. Chithunzi cha nkhumba nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosokoneza mu nthano zosiyanasiyana.
Mwa Asilavo, iye ndi mayi wa Khavronya, wokoma mtima komanso wosamala. Kwa achi China, nkhumba ndi chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima ndi kutukuka, chidwi komanso zosazindikira. Chifukwa chake, mu horoscope yakummawa, chizindikirochi chimalumikizidwa ndi nkhumba zodziwika bwino kapena ndi banki ya nkhumba.
Kwa a Japan, boar ndiye mulungu wankhondo wamkulu. Nthano zachi Celtic, nkhumba zimapatsidwa udindo wopulumutsa gulu lonse, lomwe limapezeka pamtunda. Asirikaliwo anapha ana a nkhumba asanu ndi awiri chifukwa cha njala, ndipo anadya, ndipo m'mawa anakhalanso ndi moyo.
Njoka
Zingakhale zodabwitsa ngati cholengedwa chodabwitsa chotere sichimalemekezedwa ngati zamatsenga. Poyamba, njoka yanthano idawonetsedwa ngati njoka yayikulu. Pambuyo pake, adamuwonjezera zizindikiro za chinjoka kapena njoka yamphongo yokhala ndi mutu wa kavalo. M'nthano zaku Japan ndi Amwenye Achimereka, adakhalanso nyanga.
Chithunzi cha njoka yoyesayo chimadziwika kwa ife kuchokera m'Baibulo, komanso njoka yamoto .. Zinali zachizolowezi kuti Asilavo aziopa njokayo, ngakhale dzina lake silimatha kutchulidwa, kuti asabweretse mavuto. M'nthano za Ural, Njoka Yaikulu imawoneka ngati wosunga chuma chosawerengeka.
Chithunzi chake chopiringizika chikuyimira zochitika zapadera - dzuwa ndi mwezi, dzinja ndi chilimwe, mvula ndi chilala, zabwino ndi zoyipa, moyo ndi imfa. Ngakhale umulungu ndi umunthu wapatsidwa kwa iye - nzeru ndi chilakolako, machiritso ndi poizoni, wosunga ndi wowononga.
Njoka ndi chinthu chachipembedzo cha mulungu wamkazi wakale wachi Greek wa Athena, ndi Apollo. Njoka ya Apop, yomwe imafuna kuwononga Dziko Lapansi, imenya mulungu wa Aigupto Ra, ndipo dzuwa limatuluka tsiku lililonse. Njokayo ikuwonetsedwa pachizindikiro cha ochiritsa ndi ochiritsa.
Koposa zonse, njoka zimapembedzedwa, inde, mdziko la "akachisi akanjoka" - ku India. Ahindu samangokonda njoka ndipo amawawona ngati oyandikana nawo mofanana, komanso amadziwa momwe angagwirire ambiri a iwo. Njoka zimakwawa pansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali pafupi kwambiri ndi iye ndipo amadziwa zinsinsi zake kuposa ena. Chifukwa chake, chithunzi chawo nthawi zambiri chimalimbikitsa mantha ndi mantha.
Nkhumba
Anthu achi China amaganiza kuti nyalugwe ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lapansi, komanso ukali komanso kulimba mtima. Kwa achi China, nyalugwe amalowa m'malo mwa mkango - mfumu ya nyama, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati chizindikiro cha mafumu. Kambuku ndi imodzi mwazinyama zinayi zolemekezeka kwambiri ku China, kupatula kamba, chinjoka ndi phoenix.
China ili ndi malo ozungulira Kunming omwe ndi malo okopa alendo chifukwa choti okonda nyalugwe amasonkhana kumeneko. Mwachikhalidwe, amawonetsedwa pomenya nkhondo ndi chinjoka, ngati nkhondo pakati pa chabwino ndi choipa, nkhani ndi mzimu. Mphamvu zake, mphamvu zake, kupanda mantha kwake kwa anthu ambiri aku Asia ndiye chifukwa chakupembedza. Ku India, nyalugwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mulungu Shiva ndi Durga.
Nyalugwe wa Bengal amatha kutchedwa chizindikiro cha India. Chikondwerero cha Tiger chimakondwerera ku Nepal. Ku Vietnam, mudzi uliwonse uli ndi kachisi woperekedwa ndi kambuku. Amakhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe ake pakhomo amatha kumuteteza ku mizimu yoyipa. Komanso, nyalugwe Kum'mawa ndi chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima, nkhanza, Yang mphamvu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngati ku West Russia amatchedwa zimbalangondo, ku China tili akambuku.
Mbuzi
Si chinsinsi kuti mkaka wa mbuzi umadziwika kuti umachiritsa, umatchedwa mankhwala apanyumba. Hippocrates ndi Avicenna adalimbikitsa kumwa. Mbuzi Amalfei inayamwitsa Zeus, mulungu wamkulu wa Olympus. Chithunzi chake, monga chithunzi cha ng'ombe, chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chonde, chisamaliro cha amayi, thanzi.
Cornucopia imalumikizidwanso ndi nyama iyi, amakhulupirira kuti nyanga yabwinoyi ya mbuzi Amalfea imapereka chuma ndi chitukuko. Kum'mawa, amakhulupirira kuti mbuzi imatha kupereka zaluso komanso kuchita bwino. A Slavs adawona mbuziyo ngati tambala komanso yopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa chake mawu oti "mbuzi-dereza".
Kuphatikiza apo, mbuzi inali chochitika cha tsiku ndi tsiku; imapezeka pafupifupi nyumba zonse zam'mudzimo, ngati sinali yosauka kale. Mawu oti "woyimba mbuzi wopuma pantchito" amatanthauza kuti ngati mwataya mbuzi (kutanthauza ntchito, ntchito, nyumba, banja), tsoka lafika.
Galu
Galu, pafupifupi wofanana ndi mphaka, anali wolemekezeka kwambiri ku Egypt wakale. Mulungu wa kumanda Anubis anali ndi mutu wa galu. Aigupto amalambira nyenyezi yotchedwa Sirius (gulu la nyenyezi Canis Major), amakhulupirira kuti imakhudza kusefukira kwa Nile. Ku India, agalu amalemekezedwa kwambiri, alipo ambiri m'misewu, koma sayenera kuvulazidwa.
Amakhulupirira kuti mizimu imabwera kwa iwo ngati agalu kuti iwathandize. Galu nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati cholengedwa cholungama, cholemekezeka, mthandizi wokhulupirika komanso wodalirika. Ngakhale lembalo lili ndi mitu yomwe okhulupirira ayenera kuthandiza, kusamalira ndi kudyetsa agalu osochera..
Mzinda wa Nepal umakhala ndi chikondwerero chamasiku 5 chamagetsi kugwa kulikonse. Tsiku lachiwiri limaperekedwa kwa galu, amakhulupirira kuti amateteza zipata zakumwamba. Aaziteki amalemekeza galu ngati womuteteza ku mizimu yoyipa. Anthu ena ali ndi chizolowezi: amasiya galu mchipinda ndi womwalirayo. Amakhulupirira kuti amatha kuona komanso kuthamangitsa mizimu yoyipa.
Unali mawonekedwe oyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira galu omwe adakankhira Agiriki akale kuti apange nthano ya mutu wa Cerberus - mlonda wa Hade. Galu ndimakutu abwino, kulawa ndi kununkhiza. Komanso bwenzi lokhulupirika lomwe lili ndi luso lokuthandizani kupeza njira yoyenera. Mwa anthu akumpoto, agalu amanyamula magulu, ndipo nthawi zina ma musher sawayang'anira. Chilichonse chimachitika ndi galu wotsogola - mtsogoleri.
Nyani
Ku India, amakhulupirira kuti nyaniyu anali ndi mawonekedwe a Buddha wamkulu. Adatsimikiza kukhala woyenera kukhala kupitiriza kwa Wowunikidwayo padziko lapansi. Amayenera kutero pozimitsa moto womwe adaponyedwa chifukwa chakuba. Miyendo ndi nkhope zokha zinali zakuda.
Kuyambira pamenepo, nyamayi yadziwika kuti ndi yaumulungu ku India.Malinga ndi nthano zaku India, anyani amathandizira mulungu Vishnu kugonjetsa chimphona choopsa komanso choyipa. M'dziko lino muli ambiri akachisi ndi m'misewu. Amakhala akuba kwenikweni, koma simungawakhumudwitse, chifukwa iwo ndi nyama yopatulika.
Chimbalangondo
Chimbalangondo chathu cha ku Russia, chachikulu, chodetsa nkhawa komanso chopanda mantha, ngwazi zamtundu wina. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa anthu ofunikira m'mitundu yambiri yakumpoto. Malinga ndi Asilavo, anali chimbalangondo chomwe sichinali mfumu, osati mfumu, koma Mwiniwake wa nkhalango - amalamulira ndikudziwa momwe angayendetsere chuma.
Mphamvu, mphamvu, kuwolowa manja kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Russia m'maiko ambiri. Chimbalangondo chimatha kukopeka, kuchitira chifundo, kapena kungopusitsidwa. Koma zinali zosatheka kumukhumudwitsa, nthawi yomweyo adakhala wankhanza komanso wopanda chifundo. Nthawi zambiri amawoneka nthano ngati munthu wachilengedwe wopatsidwa luntha.
Kwa nthawi yayitali samaloledwa kumutchula dzina, koma Toptygin, Potapych kapena Burym. Ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi nyama zopatulika zakumayiko - mfundoyi ndi yotakata kwambiri. Nthawi zina izi zimakhala zofanana ndi chizindikiro cha dziko.
Mwachitsanzo, ku France - tambala wa Gallic, ku Germany - chiwombankhanga, ku USA - mphungu yamphongo, ku Canada - beaver, ku Australia - kangaroo, ku Colombia - kondomu waku Andes. Akhristu amapembedza nkhunda, poganiza kuti ndi mbalame yaumulungu, ndipo Asilamu - khwangwala pachifukwa chomwecho. M'dziko lililonse padziko lapansi, anthu amapezeka kuti ndi zitsanzo pakati pa nyama.
