Nthaka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kugawidwa kwa zamoyo, komanso zokolola, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu, zimadalira mtundu wa nthaka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nthaka, yomwe pakati pawo imakhala ndi sod-calcareous. Mutha kukumana ndi dothi lamtunduwu m'nkhalango zofiirira. Nthaka zamtunduwu zimapangidwa pang'ono pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka m'malo okhala ndi calcium carbonate, ndiye kuti, kufupi ndi madera omwe kuli miyala ingapo (mwachitsanzo, miyala yamwala, ma marble, ma dolomite, ma marls, dongo, ndi zina).
Makhalidwe, zizindikiro ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka
Monga lamulo, dothi la soddy-calcareous limapezeka pamtunda, malo athyathyathya, malo athyathyathya komanso okwera. Nthaka imatha kukhala pansi pa nkhalango, dambo komanso shrub mitundu ya zomera.
Mbali yapadera ya dothi la soddy-calcareous ndipamwamba kwambiri mwa humus (mpaka 10% kapena kuposa). Nthaka imakhalanso ndi zinthu monga humic acid. Nthawi zambiri, mukasanthula dothi lamtunduwu, utali wapamwamba umapereka mayankho osalowerera ndale, otsikawo - zamchere; kawirikawiri kawirikawiri acidic. Kukula kwa kusakhazikika kumakhudzidwa ndi kuzama kwakanthawi kwa ma carbonates. Chifukwa chake, pamilingo yayikulu, chizindikirocho chimakhala pakati pa 5 mpaka 10%, pamiyeso yotsika - mpaka 40%.
Nthaka za Sod-calcareous ndizachilendo. Ngakhale amapangidwa pansi pazomera zamnkhalango, njira zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi dothi lamtunduwu ndizofooka kapena kulibiretu. Mwachitsanzo, mu dothi la soddy-calcareous, palibe zizindikilo za leaching kapena podzolization. Izi ndichifukwa choti zotsalira zazomera, zomwe zimalowa m'nthaka, zimawonongeka m'malo okhala ndi calcium yambiri. Zotsatira zake, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa asidi a humic ndikupanga mankhwala osagwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kupangika kwa humus.
Mbiri ya nthaka
Nthaka ya Soddy-calcareous ili ndi izi:
- A0 - makulidwe ake ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 8; zinyalala zowola zofooka m'zinyalala za m'nkhalango;
- A1 - makulidwe kuyambira 5 mpaka 30 cm; mawonekedwe ozungulira amtundu wa bulauni-imvi kapena mdima wakuda, wokhala ndi mizu yazomera;
- B - makulidwe 10 cm 50; wosanjikiza wa imvi wosanjikiza;
- Сca ndi thanthwe lolimba, lotayirira.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, dothi lamtunduwu limasandulika ndikusandulika dothi la podzolic.
Mitundu ya dothi la soddy-calcareous
Nthaka yamtunduwu ndi yabwino kuminda yamphesa ndi minda ya zipatso. Zatsimikizika kuti ndi dothi la soddy-carbonate lomwe limabereka kwambiri. Koma musanadzalemo mbewu, muyenera kusanthula momwe zilili ndikusankha dothi labwino kwambiri. Pali mitundu yotsatirayi:
- wamba - wofalikira kudera lofiirira m'nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mitengo yayitali kwambiri, yamitengo yayitali, ya oak-oak pafupi ndi miyala yonyezimira yolimba, yopanda miyala. Kukula kwathunthu kwa mbiriyo kuli pafupifupi masentimita 20 mpaka 40 ndipo muli zidutswa zamiyala ndi miyala. Nthaka ili ndi humus ya dongosolo la 10-25%;
- leached - imafalikira mu zidutswa zofiirira m'nkhalango. Zimapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma, pa eluvium yolimba komanso yolimba. Zomwe zili mu humus zili pafupifupi 10-18%. Makulidwe amasiyana masentimita 40 mpaka 70.
Nthaka za Sod-calcareous ndizoyenera kulima mbewu, kubzala kochulukirapo komanso mitundu yayitali kwambiri.
