Chofunika kwambiri m'nkhalango yowonongeka ndikufalikira mwachangu m'derali komanso kuchuluka kwakukula. Mitengo yokhudzana ndi kukula kwake imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa nkhalango ya coniferous. Masamba pamitengo yotere imagwa kwathunthu kugwa, potero amateteza mtengo ku chinyezi m'nyengo yozizira. Pakufika masika, masamba amawonekera pamitengo ndi zoyamba za masamba atsopano.
Mitengo yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango zotereyi ndi yopanda malire ndipo imazika mizu m'nthaka yatsopano, imakula msanga ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali. Nkhalango zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala mpaka 40 mita kutalika. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhalango zowola: yaying'ono-yaying'ono komanso yotambalala.
Nkhalango zazing'ono
M'nkhalango zotere mumakhala mitengo yambiri yokhala ndi mbale zazing'ono. Nkhalango zoterezi zimakonda kuwala ndipo sizodzichepetsa panthaka, zimalekerera kuzizira bwino. Mitundu yayikulu yamitengo yazing'ono yomwe ili ndi masamba ndi awa:
- Birch, imapezeka kwambiri ku Northern Hemisphere, mitundu yake ingakhale yokwera mita 45 ndi thunthu la thunthu lamasentimita 150. Makungwa a birch amatha kukhala oyera kapena ofiira, obiriwira, otuwa kapena akuda. Masamba a Birch ndi osalala, mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi dzira, lomwe limafanana ndi katatu kapena rhombus. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kufikira masentimita 7, ndikutalika masentimita 4. M'chilimwe, mphete zamaluwa zimawonekera pamwamba pa mphukira zazitali, poyamba zimakhala zobiriwira, koma zimasanduka zofiirira pakapita nthawi. Mbeu, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, zimanyamulidwa bwino ndi mphepo. Ku Russia, pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya birches.
- Aspen imatha kukula mpaka 35 mita kutalika. Amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa thunthu lowongoka, m'mimba mwake pafupifupi mita imodzi yokhala ndi khungwa lofewa laimvi. Popita nthawi, khungwa limayambira khungwa, lomwe limafanana ndi diamondi. Mtengo umalekerera chisanu ndi chinyezi cholimba bwino, umalekerera mthunzi bwino. Masamba a Aspen ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira a rhombic, m'lifupi mwake amaposa kutalika, ndi chimango chosanjikiza. Mbali yakutsogolo yamasamba imakhala yobiriwira komanso yowala, kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kowala pang'ono. Masika, maluwa okongola amawoneka panthambi ngati mphete. Maluwawo ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chachikazi ndi chachikuda, ndipo chachimuna ndi chofiirira. M'dzinja, mabokosi okhala ndi nthanga za aspen amapangidwa pamaluwa, akagwa, amatseguka, amatengedwa ndi mphepo ndikuwayendetsa mozungulira.
- Alder ndi wa banja la birch ndipo ali ndi masamba otsekemera kapena ovunda. Maluwa a Alder ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo amakula pa mphukira imodzi, yaikazi ngati spikelets, ndi yamphongo yokhala ndi mphete. Mtengo uwu umakonda chinyezi ndi kuwala, umakula pafupi ndi gombe la posungira. Makungwa a Alder ndi obiriwira. Zonsezi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 14 ya mtengo uwu.
Nkhalango za Broadleaf
Mitengo yamitengo yotere imakhala ndi mitengo, momwe gawo lakumtunda limakhala ndi masamba amitundumitundu, yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Mitengo yotere imalekerera mthunzi bwino ndipo imafuna panthaka ndikukonda kuwala. Nkhalango zowuma zimakula m'malo otentha, oimira awa ndi mitengo yotsatirayi:
- Oak ndi wa banja la beech. Mtengo wawukuluwu wokhala ndi masamba otambalala uli ndi korona wozungulira. Mizu yayamba bwino ndipo imaphatikizapo mizu. Mitengo ya mtengo uwu ndiyofunika kwambiri. Oak amakonda nthaka yowala komanso yachonde, ndi ya nthawi yayitali, imalekerera chilala. Zonsezi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 21 ya chomerachi.
- Mapulo ali ndi mitundu yoposa 60 ndipo amapezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi. Mtengo uwu uli ndi tsamba lofiira lamoto wophukira. Mapulo amalimbana bwino ndi chilala ndipo sazindikira nthaka. Chomeracho chimafalikira ndi mbewu kapena kumtengowo.
- Linden ndi mtengo wamasamba akulu wokhala ndi korona wokongoletsera. Linden ndi nthumwi yamasamba ofewa omwe ali ndi zotengera zazikulu zomwe madzi amadutsa. Mitengo ya mtengo uwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoimbira. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya lindens.
- Phulusa limakula mpaka 30 mita kutalika ndi mulifupi wa 10 mpaka 25 mita. Korona wa mtengo wa phulusa ndi wotseguka, wokulirapo, wokhala ndi mphukira zowongoka pang'ono. Mtengo umatha kukula mpaka masentimita 80 pachaka.Masamba ake ndi obiriwira kowala ndi maluwa osawonekera. Mizu ya phulusa imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuthwa kwa nthaka, imakonda nthaka yachonde ndi dzuwa.
- Elm, kwawo Asia, Europe, America ndi Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Elm ndi mtengo wamasamba akulu wokhala ndi kutalika kosapitilira 35 mita ndi m'lifupi mwake osapitilira 10 mita. Mtengo wokhala ndi masamba osongoka komanso m'mphepete mwa mdima wobiriwira. Maluwa a Elm ndi ang'onoang'ono, ogwirizana. Mtengo sugwirizana ndi mthunzi, koma umalekerera chinyezi komanso chilala bwino. Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, zodulira kapena kumtengowo.
- Poplar ndi membala wa banja la msondodzi. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mitengo kumatha kukhala mpaka 50 mita. Maluwa a poplar ndi ochepa, amatola mphete, zomwe zikakhwima, zimasanduka mabokosi okhala ndi popula fluff. Mitengo siikhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, imatha kugwidwa ndi tizilombo toononga mitundu yonse.
Nkhalango amathanso kukhala oyambira kapena achiwiri, omwe amakula kuchokera muzu wa mtengo pambuyo pa moto, kudula mitengo kapena kuwononga tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda zingwe.
