M'mbuyomu, Europe ndi amodzi mwamalo padziko lapansi momwe zochitika za anthu zimagwirira ntchito makamaka. Mizinda ikuluikulu, mafakitale otukuka komanso anthu ambiri ali pano. Zotsatira za izi zakhala zovuta zazikulu zachilengedwe, zolimbana nazo zomwe zimafunikira kuyesetsa ndi ndalama zambiri.
Magwero amvuto
Kukula kwa gawo laku Europe la dziko lapansi kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mchere wochuluka mderali. Kugawidwa kwawo sikufanana, mwachitsanzo, mafuta (malasha) amapezeka makamaka kumpoto kwa dera, pomwe kumwera kulibeko. Izi, zimathandizanso pakupanga zida zoyendera zoyenda bwino, zomwe zimaloleza kunyamula mwala woyimbidwa mwachangu mtunda wautali.
Ntchito zamakampani ndi zoyendetsa zapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zambiri zovulaza mumlengalenga. Komabe, mavuto oyamba azachilengedwe adayamba kuno magalimoto asanabwere. Malasha omwewo ndi omwe amayambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, nzika zaku London zidazigwiritsa ntchito mwakhama kutenthetsa nyumba zawo kotero kuti utsi wakuda unatulukira mzindawo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kubwerera ku 1306 boma lidakakamizidwa kukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha mumzinda.
Kwenikweni, utsi wokhalitsa wa khala sunapite kulikonse ndipo, zaka zoposa 600 pambuyo pake, wawononganso London. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1952, utsi wandiweyani udatsikira mzindawo, womwe udatenga masiku asanu. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, anthu 4,000 mpaka 12,000 amwalira ndi kutsamwa komanso kukulitsa matenda. Chigawo chachikulu cha utsi chinali malasha.
Zomwe zilipo
Masiku ano, zachilengedwe ku Europe zimadziwika ndi mitundu ina ndi njira zowononga. Malasha adalowetsedwa m'malo ndi utsi wamagalimoto komanso mpweya wochokera ku mafakitale. Kuphatikiza kwa magwero awiriwa kumathandizidwa makamaka ndi nzeru yatsopano yam'mizinda, yomwe imapanga "gulu la ogula".
Mzungu wamakono ali ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe umabweretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochuluka kwa mapaketi, zokongoletsera ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakwaniritsa ntchito yawo mwachangu ndikupita kukataya. Malo otayidwa pansi m'mayiko ambiri ku Europe ndi odzaza, zinthu zimapulumutsidwa ndi ukadaulo woyambitsidwa wosanja, kukonza ndi kukonzanso zinyalala.
Zomwe zachilengedwe m'derali zikuwonjezeredwa ndi kachulukidwe ndi kukula kocheperako kwamayiko ambiri. Palibe nkhalango pano, yotambalala makilomita mazana, ndipo imatha kuyeretsa mlengalenga. Malo ocheperako m'malo ambiri sangathe kulimbana ndi anthropogenic pressure.
Njira zowongolera
Pakadali pano, mayiko onse aku Europe akuyang'anitsitsa mavuto azachilengedwe. Kukonzekera kwapachaka kwa njira zodzitetezera ndi njira zina zoteteza chilengedwe zimachitika. Monga gawo lomenyera zachilengedwe, zoyendera zamagetsi ndi njinga zikulimbikitsidwa, madera a mapaki akukulirakulira. Matekinoloje opulumutsa mphamvu akuyambitsidwa mwakhama pakupanga ndi makina amasefa.
Ngakhale adatenga izi, zisonyezo zachilengedwe sizikukondweretsabe m'maiko monga Poland, Belgium, Czech Republic ndi ena. Zomwe mafakitale ku Poland adabweretsa zidachitika kuti m'ma 1980 mzinda wa Krakow udalandiridwa ngati malo azachilengedwe chifukwa cha mpweya wochokera ku chomera chachitsulo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu opitilira 30% aku Europe amakhala kwamuyaya m'malo azachilengedwe.
