Olankhula zodyera komanso abodza amafanana m'mawonekedwe. Mukapita kukasaka bowa, onetsetsani kuti mitunduyo imawoneka bwanji. Ngati mukukaikira, musayike mbewuzo mudengu.
Anthu amadya zipewa. Mwendo wa wolankhulirayo ndi wolimba komanso wosakoma. Zipewa ndizophika komanso kuzifutsa. Miyendo yauma ndi nthaka yokometsera.
Mitundu ya oyankhula
Wotulutsa mawu
Tsinde
Kamvekedwe kofananira ndi gawo lakumtunda, klavate, kochepera, kouma, koyera pamitundu yaying'ono, imasanduka bulauni ndi zaka, pubescent ndi mycelium pansipa. Ndi fungo lankhanza komanso losasangalatsa. Samatulutsa madzi amkaka.
Chipewa
Kunja, imvi-chikasu, mawonekedwe osalala pa palpation. Ili ndi mawonekedwe otukuka koyambirira kwa bowa woyambirira, wokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu; hymenophore yoyera imawonedwa pansipa. Ndikukula kwa bowa, mawonekedwe apamwamba pamwamba pa kapu, mabowo amakhala, ndipo hymenophore imapeza utoto wachikaso.
Govorushka yopindika imasokonezeka chifukwa cha kusadziwa zambiri ndi entola wakupha, momwe:
- palibe fanulo ndi tubercle;
- kulawa kowawa;
- thupi la bowa limakwiyitsa m'mimba ngakhale mutatha kuphika.
Wokonda kapena wosuta
Tsinde
Wotetemera, wamfupi, wolimba, wokutidwa pansi, mthunzi wapamtunda ndi wotuwa. Ndikununkhiza ngati sopo. Zamkati ndi zotayirira, zimasweka zikapanikizidwa, ndikudzaza chinyezi.
Chipewa
Thupi limamveka mmanja; mukawonedwa kuchokera pamwamba, mthunzi wa phulusa kapena imvi yakuda. Mawonekedwe amitundu yoyambirira amakhala otukuka komanso opendekera; ndi nthawi ya bowa imasokonekera, koma kukhumudwa kumakhalabe pakatikati. Hymenophore pafupipafupi sasintha khungu lake loyera kapena loyera nthawi yayitali.
Bowa amafunika chithupsa chachitali. Ngati simuphika wolankhula imvi kwa ola lopitilira ⁄, ndiye kuti:
- kukhumudwitsa thirakiti;
- kuonjezera thukuta;
- pangitsani kupuma kukhala kovuta.
Kutengera malamulo ophika, bowa alibe vuto lililonse. Pambuyo kuwira, mchere ndi marinate.
Wolankhula Goblet
Tsinde
Amakula mpaka masentimita 10, atakhuthala pansi, osungunuka m'munsi, zotanuka komanso zopanda pake.
Chipewa
Zikuwoneka ngati faneli yayikulu, galasi kapena mbale. Mphepete wapindidwa pansi. Kuwala. Zamkati ndi silky, yopyapyala, imvi, pakugwa mvula imasonkhanitsa madzi. Mthunzi wa kapu imakhala yakuda kwambiri ndikumakhudza phulusa, kapena bulauni wotumbululuka. Hymenophore imakhala ndi nthambi, bulauni wonyezimira kapena bulauni, mbale sizimapezeka nthawi zambiri, zimatsika.
Wokamba malalanje
Tsinde
Mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi hymenophore. Zikuwoneka zozungulira, zowonda pansi. Zamkati zolimba ndizabwino ndipo sizonunkhira, zofiira, zotanuka palpation.
Chipewa
Mphepete mwa kapu ndiyopindika, pakapita nthawi pamawoneka ngati mawonekedwe a faneli. Mtundu wake ndi wachikasu-lalanje, umakhalabe pakatikati, m'mphepete mwake umakhala wotumbululuka. Hymenophore imatsikira mwendo, mtundu wake ndi wopepuka kuposa wa kumtunda; ngati mbale yawonongeka, imachita mdima.
Wokamba za Clubfoot
Tsinde
Mwendo waimvi umawoneka wofanana ndi chibonga chotupa. Kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba, chikwangwani cha mycelium chikuwonekera pansipa.
Chipewa
Mbiri yayikulu ya bowa wachinyamata imakhala yotsogola, m'mphepete mwake mumakwezedwa. Ndikukalamba, kapuyo imawongoka, zitsanzo zowonekera kwambiri zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe owoneka ngati faneli. Chinsalu sichimasintha ndipo chimakhalabe chofiirira kapena chofiirira m'mbali zonse za moyo. Hymenophore imadutsa pa tsinde, yosowa. Popita nthawi, mtundu woyera umasanduka wachikaso, kapena kusintha kirimu. M'mphepete, kapuyo ndi yopyapyala, imakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Wokamba nkhani
Tsinde
Mbiri ya mwendo ndi yopyapyala, yolimba pakukhudza, koma yotanuka ndipo siyimasweka. Pa tsinde pali "kumverera" koyera, kumatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimawononga masamba omwe agwa pafupi, omwe amatulutsa michere ya mycelium.
Chipewa
Chotupacho chimatulukira pakati; chitatha kucha, kapuyo imatenga mawonekedwe a fanulo lakuthwa. Mtundu wa mnofu wa bowa ndi wachikasu-bulauni-fawn, ndiwouma mpaka kukhudza, m'mphepete mwa kapu ndiyosavomerezeka. Ma mbale omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi a hymenophore amatsikira tsinde. Bowa amatulutsa mealy.
Wosintha Woyankhula
Mwendo
Mthunziwo ndi wopepuka kuposa pamwamba pa bowa kapena bulauni-bulauni, tsinde ndi lopindika m'munsi, mnofu ndi wolimba. Pakhoma pang'onopang'ono pamayendedwe olimba a zitsanzo zazing'ono, tsinde limasintha mthunzi wake kukhala wofiira.
Chipewa
Chithunzicho chimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kumayambiriro, bowa ali ndi kapu yofiira-wachikasu kapena njerwa, imasiya kuwala ndi msinkhu, imawala ndi chinyezi. Hymenophore imatsikira ku tsinde. Mbale zachikaso zowala pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zamchenga kapena zachikasu. Zamkati ndi kumva acidic pang'ono.
Anise woyankhula
Mwendo
Chachikulu pansi, mawonekedwe ozungulira, wachikasu-imvi-wobiriwira. Tsinde ndi losalala pamwamba, pang'ono pofikira m'munsi. Thupi ndimadzi, limanunkhira kwambiri tsabola.
Chipewa
Kumayambiriro kwa moyo wa bowa, m'mphepete mwake mumawerama, koma pang'onopang'ono amawongoka. Kupsinjika pang'ono kapena chifuwa chachikulu chikuwoneka pakatikati pa kapu. Mthunzi wake ndi wobiriwira ndi imvi, umawala pafupi m'mphepete mwake.
Mitundu yoyankhula yoyizoni
Woyankhula waxy
Osankha bowa samakumana ndi bowa nthawi zambiri, ndimayendedwe owopsa, atatha kuwagwiritsa ntchito, m'mimba mwake mumakhala poizoni wambiri.
Tsinde
Chokhotakhota, pafupi ndi tsinde chimakhala chokulirapo, mnofu ndi wolimba. Mthunzi wa tsinde ndi loyera. Ndi yosalala kumapeto, theka la pubescent pafupi ndi tsinde. Fungo la bowa wabodza silosangalatsa kwenikweni.
Chipewa
Mbiriyo imakhala yotseguka m'mitundu yoyambirira; pakapita nthawi, imakhala yopsinjika kapena imakhala yopanda pake, m'mbali mwake simakhala ofanana. Knoll yaying'ono imawonekera pakatikati. Maonekedwe ake ndi matte, palpation ndiyosalala, malo otuwa amdima mumanyowa, madera ozungulira osawoneka bwino amawoneka. Ma mbale a hemenophore ndi zonona.
Wokamba Nkhani Yaikulu
Tsinde
White, wandiweyani palpation, osafinyidwa mopyola-mnofu-zotanuka, samamveka bwino ngati mealy, owawa muukalamba.
Chipewa
Poyamba, chizindikirocho chimakhala chotukuka, pang'onopang'ono kukhumudwa kumakhala pakati. Mphepete ndi yopyapyala, yokwera pamwamba. Kukula kwake kuli mkati mwa masentimita 13-15, mwa zitsanzo zina zomwe zidapezeka ndi masentimita 30 kapena kupitilira apo.Mapangidwe ake ndi matte, silky palpation, masikelo samawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Mthunzi wa kapu ndi yoyera, kawirikawiri khofi wamkaka. Mbale za Hymenophore zokhala ndi milatho zimatsikira tsinde. Pakatentha kwa moyo wa bowa, kapu imakhala yachikasu.
Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ndikupeza wokamba nkhani wamkulu. Amathiridwa mchere / kuzifutsa pokhapokha atawira kwanthawi yayitali ndikutulutsa madzi. Asayansi apeza mankhwala achilengedwe m'thupi la bowa. Kuyambira kale, ochiritsa amamwa mowa ndi chimphona cholankhula.
Oyankhula zoyera
Kudya sikuvomerezeka chifukwa cha muscarine zomwe zili mthupi la bowa.
Tsinde
Palpation, tomentose, pubescent. Mbiriyo ikufanana ndi silinda m'munsi, pomwe imapindika. Mthunziwo ndi woyera kapena wachikaso.
Chipewa
Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimawonetsa zotupa pachipewacho, kenako zimapinda mkati, m'mphepete mwake ndi yopyapyala ndi mphonje. Khungu ndi loyera kapena pinki pang'ono, loyipa zipatso zoyambirira; muzitsanzo zakale, limanyezimira komanso kosalala mpaka kukhudza. Hymenophore wokhala ndi mbale zoyera komanso zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika, amatsika pang'ono pamunsi. Mnofu ndi wowonda, umatulutsa mawonekedwe osamveka bwino, kapu imakoma.
Kulankhula Wolankhula
Pezani poizoni ndi bowa uwu ngati utalowa mudengu. Osadula bowa wokhala ndi ming'alu pazipewa zoyera.
Tsinde
Kongoletsani toni ndi kapu kapena bulauni wokhala ndi mawu ofiira, pang'ono ngati kumverera kumunsi pafupi ndi mycelium.
Chipewa
Kumayambiriro, imawonekera, yomwe pang'onopang'ono imakanikizidwa pakatikati, imawongoka, pachimake choyera cha powdery chikuwonekera. Pambuyo gawo laling'ono, zisoti zimang'ambika. Pamaso pawo pamatuluka pachimake chofiira kwambiri. Zigawo zosawoneka bwino zimapangidwa pathupi la kapu. Kawirikawiri hymenophore imadutsa pamtengo, mtundu wa mbale ndi ofiira ofiira, ukalamba umakhala ndi mthunzi wa kirimu. Mnofu wowonda samamvekedwa ndi bowa, zomwe zimamvekera sizowala.
Wofiyira wofiirira
Muscarine wokamba nkhani wofiirira amachititsa kuti mtunduwu usadyeke, ndipo kukoma kwake kumakhala kovuta. Pewani, musadule bowa.
Tsinde
Kamvekedwe ka tsinde ndi kopepuka kuposa kapu, kofiira, tsinde la bowa ndilovuta kukhudza.
Chipewa
Felemu woboola pakati, lonse. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana pakati pamithunzi itatu:
- chikasu chofiira;
- bulauni-wofiira;
- wothimbirira dzimbiri.
Hymenophore wokhala ndi mbale zomwe zimatsika pafupipafupi. Ndi zonona kapena zonunkhira mumtundu wowonjezera wachikaso. Mnofu ndiwowonda, motero ndi wolimba, wolimba palpation, mthunzi wa fawn kapena wofiira, umatulutsa kumverera kowawa, kotsekemera kwamaluwa.
Kusonkhanitsa malo olankhulira
Bowa amasankha madera otentha. Bowa wawo siwowoneka bwino, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zamasamba, komanso minda ndi madambo opanda udzu wandiweyani. Oyankhula amasonkhanitsidwa ku Europe, Russia, madera ena a Asia ndi Middle America.
Chikhalidwe cha oyankhula ndikuti amakula m'magulu, anthu amawapeza otchedwa. mfiti zopangidwa ndi bowa. Mabwalo oyankhula padziko lapansi adasokonekera ngati malo amphamvu zoyipa, ndipo mapangidwe awo sanatchulidwe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, koma ndi zokopa za mizimu yonyansa.
Kodi ntchito yolankhula kwa munthu ndi iti
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a bowa, amino acid, mavitamini ndi michere:
- yotithandiza kagayidwe kachakudya njira;
- kusintha ntchito ya mtima dongosolo;
- onjezani mawu;
- kwezani magwiridwe antchito aubongo;
- kuteteza kagayidwe kake;
- kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- kuteteza chitukuko cha zotupa zilonda;
- kuchepetsa ukalamba;
- kusintha malingaliro;
- kuonjezera ntchito.
Kuipa kwa oyankhula
Musanagwiritse ntchito choyankhulira, muyesedwe kuti muone ngati bowa angakupatseni mphamvu.
Mndandanda wazinthu zothandiza ndizosangalatsa, koma wolankhulayo ndi owopsa akagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Ngati pali bowa wambiri pazakudya, munthu samva bwino, ndipo microflora ya pathogenic imachulukitsa pamimba.
- Kuchulukitsa matenda am'mimba. Pambuyo pakupanga gasi wambiri, chopondapo chimasokonekera, nembanemba imavutika ndikutupa, munthuyo akudwala, amasanza, kuchita chizungulire mpaka mutu waching'alang'ala.
- Kumawonjezera kamvekedwe ka chikhodzodzo mucosa. Kutulutsidwa pafupipafupi kumawonjeza kupumula usiku, kutsuka phosphorous ndi calcium.
Zotsutsana mwamtheradi:
- Bowa limakulitsa kupweteka kwapakhosi kopweteka komanso kosalamulirika kwa khunyu.
- Kuchulukitsa kugunda kwa mtima.
- Ndi gastritis ndi zilonda, simungathe kudya oyankhula. Bowa zimakhudza mucous nembanemba, ndipo zafotokozedwa kale.
- Kuchulukitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Zimasokoneza msambo.
- Poizoni wa oyankhula, zomwe munthu amamva:
- Bowa, monga siponji, imamwa poizoni ndi zinthu zoyipa zomwe zimakhudza thupi, ngakhale munthu sanadyeko poizoni.
- Nkhopeyo imakhala yofiira, kutuluka thukuta kumawonjezeka, kutupa kwa bronchial kumawonedwa, kupuma kumakhala kovuta, kupatukana kwa malovu ndi kutentha kumawonjezeka, thupi limanjenjemera, mpweya wamagazi umatsika.
- Bowa wakupha akatha, ntchito ya mtima imawonongeka, makoma a zotengera amafooka, zikwangwani ndi magazi amatseka, magazi amayenda movutikira.
- Maso a munthu ndi osalongosoka, samawona bwino. Zoyipa, kusokonezeka, kuseka, kupsa mtima, kusinthasintha ndi mphwayi kumachitika. Thupi limanjenjemera, limazizira, bronchi wheeze.
Ngati munthu wadya bowa pang'ono, zizindikirazo zimatha pambuyo pa maola 2-3. Ngati gawolo linali lalikulu, kubanika kumachitika chifukwa cholephera kupuma.
