Boletus bowa amadziwika ndi kapu yaying'ono kwambiri. Mutha kuganiza kuti mawonekedwe awa siabwino kuphika, koma amadyedwa pafupipafupi. Anthu omwe amapereka bowa wodyedwa patebulo ayenera kuchotsa pamwamba pa kapu. Izi zachitika pazifukwa ziwiri: kapangidwe kake ka mucous sikangokhala kosasangalatsa, komanso kamakhala ndi poizoni omwe amayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba.
Kufotokozera
Dzinalo la sayansi la boletus - Suillus amachokera ku dzina lachilatini loti sus, kutanthauza nkhumba. Chifukwa chake, Suillus amatanthauza "nkhumba" ndipo amatanthauza kapu yamafuta, yomwe imadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya boletus.
Bowa wa Boletus amasiyanitsidwa ndi bowa wina ndi:
- zisoti zoterera;
- zozungulira kapena mosasintha pores;
- kupezeka kwa chivundikiro pang'ono pakati pa kapu ndi mwendo;
- mabala am'mimba;
- Malo okhala pakati pa masamba obiriwira.
Tsoka ilo, mitundu yambiri ya bowa wa boletus ili ndi zochepa chabe mwa izi.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri zamafuta ndi kapu yopyapyala. Zachidziwikire, pamwamba pake sipangakhale povuta nthawi yamvula, koma zizindikilo za mamina zimawoneka chifukwa zinyalala zimamatira pachipewa. Mu zitsanzo zouma, zokutira kapu imakhalabe yowala kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kocheperako, kapuyo siyotchuka kwambiri ndi bowa iyi, mpaka m'mimba mwake 5-12 cm. Ndi yozungulira komanso yotentha, koma imayenda bwino pakapita nthawi. Amakhala ofiira kwambiri, ngakhale ali pakati pa bulauni yakuda mpaka bulauni yofiirira mpaka bulauni wachikasu.
Pamwamba pa timabowo ting'onoting'ono toyera kwambiri. Mu mitundu ina ya mafuta, ma pores amapezeka mosakhazikika, mwa ena mosiyanasiyana. Ndi zaka, mabowo amayamba kuda ndikukhala achikasu mpaka mtundu wachikasu. Spores zopangidwa mu pores ndizofiirira. Mu bowa wachichepere, pamwamba pake pamakhala chophimba pang'ono. Bulangeti ili limakhala loyera kwambiri ndipo limang'ambika ndikutsegula pamwamba pore pomwe bowa amamera. Pa bowa wokhwima, zotsalira za chophimba pang'ono zimatha kuwonedwa ngati mphete kuzungulira tsinde ndipo zidutswa zazing'ono zimatsalira m'mphepete mwa kapu.
Bowa wa batala ndi squat, bowa wapakatikati wokhala ndi tsinde lolimba 3-8 cm, 1 mpaka 2.5 cm mulifupi. monga bowa akukula). Poyamba imakhala yoyera, kenako pang'onopang'ono imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, makamaka kumunsi kwakumunsi. Pamwamba pa mpheteyo, mwendo woyera umathothoka kuti ufane ndi kapu yomwe ili pamwamba pake.
Mbali iyi ya tsinde imakongoletsedwanso ndi masango angapo amtundu wotchedwa ma glandular punctures. Madontho owoneka bwino amada mdima ndi ukalamba ndipo amasiyana ndi ena a peduncle atakula. Madontho amadzimadzi amawoneka chifukwa cha kutupa kwa khungu ndipo amafanana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Mitundu ya batala
Mchere wa batala wa mkungudza
Chipewa cha bowa chimakwana masentimita 10 mozungulira. M'mafilimu achichepere, ndi hemispherical; ndi ukalamba, imakhala yopindika. Mtundu kuchokera ku chikasu chakuda mpaka kuwala kapena bulauni yakuda, owuma kapena owoneka bwino. Tsinde lake ndi lozungulira kapena lotupa pang'ono m'munsi. Nthawi zina mthunzi wofanana ndi kapu, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka, yokutidwa ndi ziphuphu zakuda.
Zamkati ndi zachikasu kapena zachikasu, sizimasintha mtundu pakakhudzana ndi mpweya. Mpiru wakuda kuti utulutse ma tubules. Ma pores ndi ochepa, ozungulira, amtundu wa mpiru. Fungo silosiyana. Kukoma sikulowerera ndale. Spores 9-11.5 × 4-5 µm.
Mafuta a mkungudza amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous, pansi pamitengo m'mapaki ndi minda, ndipo amapanga mycorrhiza ndi mitengo yamapaini.
Imvi yamafuta
Kunja, bowa ndiwosaoneka, koma kukoma kumakhala kosangalatsa kwa olandila zakudya, kumakhala ndi fungo labwino la bowa mukamaphika kapena potola.
Oiler imvi imakongoletsedwa ndi kapu ngati mawonekedwe a pilo ya tuberous, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 12. Filimu yosalala ndiyonyowa komanso yomata palpation, ndizovuta kutsalira kumbuyo. Mbali yapadera ndimiyeso yofiirira kumtunda kwake. Chophimbacho chikasweka, chimasiya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaphimba ma tubular.
Wotuwa wofiirira, bulauni kapena khungu lofiirira. Thupi loyera ndi lotayirira pansi pa kapu yamafilimu akale limakhala loyera kapena bulauni. Amakhala buluu akawululidwa.
Pansi pa kapu imakhala ndimachubu zazikulu zomwe zimatsikira tsinde. Machubu amakhala osakhazikika mosiyanasiyana. Mtunduwo ndi wotuwa ndi utoto wofiirira, woyera kapena wachikasu.
Ziphuphu zakuda zimaberekana. Iwo anapanga ufa spore.
Mwendo wapamwamba wa mafuta otuwa umafanana ndi silinda yowongoka kapena yopindika 1-4 masentimita, 5-10 masentimita kutalika kwake. Chophimbacho chimasiya mkombero woyera, womwe umasowa m'kupita kwa bowa. Oiler imvi amatengedwa kuchokera ku nkhalango zazing'ono kapena za nkhalango. Bowa limakula m'mabanja kapena singly.
Batala mbale wachikasu (chithaphwi)
Dambo kapena batala wachikasu ndi amodzi mwa oimira zokoma kwambiri za ufumu wa bowa. Sikuti ndi bowa "wabwino", koma odziwa bowa wodziwa bwino amadziwa kufunika kwake ndipo amadzitama akapeza mycelium.
Kapu yamatope ndi yaying'ono osati yolimba, mu bowa wachinyamata wa 4 cm, wakale mpaka 8 cm, yokutidwa ndi kanema wochuluka.
Kukula kwa thupi kumakhudza kapu. Hemispherical mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, imagwedezeka kwakanthawi ndikutambalala pang'ono mwendo, kabokosi kakang'ono kamakhala pamwamba. Mtundu wa kapu ndiwanzeru, wachikasu. M'mafano ena, utoto wachikaso umasungunuka ndimayendedwe obiriwira, otuwa kapena obiriwira.
Ma pores ang'onoang'ono osanjikiza a kapu ndi osalimba, amtundu wa mandimu, wachikasu, kapena ocher. Mnofu wachikasu wa bowa samatulutsa fungo lonunkhira komanso msuzi wamkaka.
Amphamvu cylindrical mwendo 0,3-0.5 masentimita wandiweyani, 6-7 masentimita kutalika, pang'ono yokhota kumapeto. Kapuyo ikachotsedwa pachimake pakakula, mphete yoyera yoyera kapena yoyera yachikaso imawoneka pa tsinde. Mwendo ndi wachikaso, wachikasu-bulauni pansi pa mphete. Mawonekedwe a spores ndi elliptical, ufa wa spore ndi wachikasu wa khofi.
Oyera oyera
Bowa ndi osowa, choncho ndibwino kuti mupereke zokolola zambiri kwa oimira ena a banja la boletus. Nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka mukatha kusonkhanitsa ndipo nthawi zina amakhala alibe nthawi yophika.
Chipewa cha bowa chimakhala chotalika mpaka masentimita 8-10. Muzitsanzo zazing'ono, kapuyo imakhala yopindika, utoto wake ndi woyera, ndipo umakhala wachikaso m'mphepete. Mu bowa wokhwima, chotupa pa kapu chimasowa pamene chikukula. Pambuyo popitirira, kapu imasanduka chikasu ndikugwada mkati.
Kapu yosalala imaphimbidwa ndi mamina mvula ikagwa. Zimanyezimira zikauma. Khungu loyera limatuluka mosavuta. Chipewa choyera kapena chachikaso chimakhala ndi mnofu wofewa, wandiweyani komanso wowutsa mudyo. Manyazi akamakalamba. Mzere wosanjikiza umaimiridwa ndi machubu akuya 4-7 mm. Bowa wachichepere ali ndi machubu owala achikaso. Akadzakula, amasanduka obiriwira. Khalani ndi azitona wobiriwira kwambiri. Mtundu wa ang'onoting'ono ozungulira ang'ono ndi machubu samasiyana. Pamwambapa pamatulutsira madzi ofiira.
Tsinde lolimba, lopindika kapena lopindika, lopanda mphete, lalitali masentimita 5-9. Ikakhwima, mawanga ofiira ofiira amawonekera pa tsinde.
Chakudya cha batala cham'mbuyo (chenicheni)
Ndi bowa wotchuka, wouma, wopangidwa kukhala ufa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito msuzi wa bowa. Lonse otukuka kapu 5-15 masentimita, amatsegula monga zipse ndi amakhala osalala. Filimu yomata kuyambira bulauni wonyezimira mpaka bulauni yakuya ya chokoleti.
Uwu ndi bowa, momwe, m'malo mwa ma gill, ma pores ndi oterera achikasu, amawoneka achabechabe, monga mibadwo ya bowa, ma pores amakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso wagolide. Pansi pa kapuyo, chophimba choyera chimakwirira ma pores achichepere, bowa akamakula, chophimbacho chimaphwanya ndikukhalabe pamtengo ngati mphete. Mwendowo ndi wosanjikiza, woyera, wamtali 4 mpaka 8 cm, 1 mpaka 3 cm mulifupi komanso osalala mpaka kukhudza.
Larch batala mbale
Mafangasi a mycelium a mafuta owola kwambiri ndi mizu yamitengo amasinthanitsa michere kuti athandizane.
Chipewacho ndi chachikaso, chikaso chowala chachikaso kapena chikasu chowala, chonyowa pambuyo pa mvula ndipo chimawala ngakhale nyengo yowuma. Akuluakuluwa ndi 4 mpaka 12 cm atakula ndipo amakhala ofooka, nthawi zina amakhala ozungulira kapena okhala ndi chigawo chapakati. Zisoti zazikulu za mitundu yayikulu zimasokonekera m'mphepete mwake.
Mandimu achikasu ang'onoting'ono amatenga sinamoni hue pamene zipatso zimakula. Zikaphwanyidwa, zibowolo zimakhala zofiirira. Machubu amakhala achikasu otumbululuka ndipo sasintha mtundu akadulidwa. Tsinde ndi 1.2 mpaka 2 cm m'mimba mwake ndi 5 mpaka 7 cm kutalika. Chophimba choyera choyera chimakwirira machubu a matupi obala zipatso, ndikupanga mphete yosinthira tsinde. Mphete ikagwa, malo otumbululuka amakhalabe pa tsinde.
Tsinde lambiri limakhala ndi mamba odera okhala ndi bulauni, koma pamwamba pa malo ozungulira, tsinde limakhala lopepuka komanso lopanda malire.
Msuzi wa batala wambiri
Bowa wa mycorrhizal wokhala ndi mitengo yamapini, imakula yokha kapena m'magulu; kufalikira.
Chipewa ndi 5-15 cm, chomangidwa, chimakhala chotseka pakapita nthawi, yosalala, yomata kapena yopyapyala mpaka kukhudza. Kusintha mtundu kuchokera ku mdima wachikaso, wachikaso kapena wotumbululuka kukhala wakuda kapena wakuda-lalanje. Ndi zaka, mtundu umatha, umakhala patchwork ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chophimbacho chimazimiririka. Pore pamwamba pake pamayera poyamba, kenako pamakhala chikasu, nthawi zambiri ndimadontho amadzi amtambo mu bowa wachichepere. Ma tubules ali pafupifupi 1 cm. Ma pores ali pafupifupi 1 mm muzitsanzo zokhwima.
Tsinde lopanda mphete, loyera, lokhala ndi chikasu chowala pafupi ndi nsonga kapena tsinde lonse, kutalika kwa 4-8 cm, 1-2 masentimita wokulirapo, wofanana kapena ndi maziko ake. Gawo lakumtunda liri ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono, ofiira kapena obiriwira. Thupi limakhala loyera poyamba, mu bowa wamkulu limakhala lachikasu loyera, silimawonongeka likawululidwa. Fungo ndi kukoma sizilowerera ndale.
Bowa omwe amawoneka ngati boletus (abodza)
Bowa wofanana ndi boletus amatha kudya. Amamva kuwawa komanso amakhumudwitsa m'mimba, koma samabweretsa zotsatira zakumwa. Boletus wabodza samakumana kawirikawiri ndi omwe amatola bowa ndipo samasiyana kwenikweni ndi bowa weniweni wodyedwa.Awiri:
Mafuta a tsabola akhoza
Ku Siberia
Mbuzi
Mukayang'ana bowa, zikuwoneka kuti ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa zotchulidwa zabodza ndi zodyedwa, koma ngati muyang'anitsitsa, sizili choncho. Bowa wodyedwa amakhala ndi kapu yofiirira komanso filimu yakuda. Oiler weniweni amakhala ndi kanema woyera. Malo owonongeka kwa bowa wosadyeka amatembenukira chikasu.
Amapasa kutsukidwa bwino ndikukonzedwa ndi kutentha kosachepera kawiri, pokhapokha atadyedwa. Komabe, batala wa ku Siberia umakhalabe wokwiya mosasamala kuchuluka kwa kuphika komwe kumachitika.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsira
Nyengo yakumpoto kwa dziko lapansi imalola agulugufe kukula pafupifupi kulikonse m'nyengo yachilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Nthawi yokolola imabwera pambuyo pa mvula yabwino. Kukula kwa boletus ndikutalika kwambiri. Bowa watsopano umayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. Nthawi yakukhwima yeniyeni imadalira nyengo komanso nyengo yakomweko.
Zopindulitsa
- utomoni womwe uli m'mafuta umachotsa uric acid, umachepetsa kupweteka kwa mutu komanso kupweteka kwa mafupa, ndipo umatonthoza dongosolo lamanjenje;
- bowa - gwero la lecithin yamtengo wapatali;
- mafuta mafuta kumathandiza ndi maganizo ndi kutopa;
- khungu la bowa limakhala ndi maantibayotiki achilengedwe omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi.
Zotsutsana
Ngakhale bowa ndi othandiza bwanji, nthawi zonse pamakhala zotsutsana. Oilers amakhala ndi fiber yophatikizidwa ndi chitin, yomwe imalepheretsa chimbudzi ngati zingachitike m'misempha.
Zotsutsana:
- tsankho;
- mimba kapena kuyamwitsa;
- matenda opatsirana m'mimba;
- ana ochepera zaka 7.
Bowa onse amadzipezera mankhwala owopsa ngati amakula pafupi ndi chomera cham'mafakitale kapena malo akumidzi omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mankhwala ophera mphamvu a cesium amapezekanso mthupi la bowa. Bowa omwe adasonkhanitsidwa amathiridwa kangapo asanaphike mafuta, owiritsa osachepera kawiri ndikusintha kwa madzi.
