Mutu wamba wabuluu, yotchedwa titmouse yaying'ono, yojambulidwa kumwamba buluu komanso wachikaso chowala. Mu ntchito yasayansi ya Linnean "Systema Naturae" nthumwi iyi ya wopitayo adapatsidwa dzina loti Cyanistes caeruleus.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mbalame wamba ya buluu
Tit ya buluu, monga mbalame ya m'nkhalango imadziwikanso kuti, idafotokozedwa ndi wasayansi waku Switzerland Konrad Gesner mu 1555 ngati Parus caeruleus, pomwe mawu oyamba amatanthauza "titmouse" ndipo yachiwiri amatanthauza "buluu wakuda" kapena "azure". Dzina lamakono - Cyanistes limachokera ku Greek Greek kuanos, zomwe zimatanthauzanso buluu lowala.
Zotsalira zakale kwambiri zazitsamba zapezeka ku Hungary ndipo zidayambiranso ku Pliocene. Makolo a mutu wamtambo adasiyana ndi nthambi yayikulu yamatenda ndipo ndi ochepa m'banja lino. Oimira ena asanu ndi anayi ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a morphological, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi subspecies, ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, komanso malo osiyanasiyana. Blue tit imapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia, komwe nthumwi za subspecies zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka m'malo ochepa.
Kanema: Common Blue Tit
Wachibale wapamtima wamtundu wabuluu ndi waku Africa wa buluu wotchedwa Cyanistes teneriffae. Amakhala kuzilumba za Canary komanso kumpoto kwa gombe la Africa. Akatswiri ena amati oimirawa ndi mtundu wina, chifukwa ali ndi mawonekedwe, majini komanso kuyimba. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa titmouse sulabadira kuyitana kwa anzawo aku Cyanistes caeruleus. Subpecies ultramarinus imatha kuonedwa kuti ndiyosintha pakati pa ma Eurasia ndi Canary.
Mtundu wamtundu wabuluu umakhala paliponse kuchokera kumadera otentha mpaka kumadzulo kwa Europe ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia. Pafupi ndi gawo lakum'mawa kwa malowo, komwe kumatchulidwanso tit ina, yoyera, hybrids yotchedwa blue tit kapena Pleske tit.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Eurasian tit tit, kapena buluu tit
Mtundu wa titmouse ndi wocheperako kuposa mamembala ena ambiri am'banjamo, ngakhale mawere abuluu siocheperako, mwachitsanzo, ngati ma muscovites. Kukula kwa thupi kumatalika masentimita 12, mapiko otalika masentimita 18, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 11. Mbalamezo zili ndi mlomo waung'ono, koma wakuthwa wakuda ndi mchira waufupi. Miyendo ndi imvi-buluu ndipo maso ndi akuda bulauni.
Pamutu pake pamakhala ndi buluu lowala, mphumi ndi occiput ndizoyera. Pansi pamutu pake palinso ndi mzere wakuda wabuluu, womwe umayambira pakamwa, umadutsa mzere wa diso. Kumbuyo kwa mutu, mzerewu umafutukuka ndikutsikira kumapeto kwa khosi. Mzere wofanana umatsikira chakumtunda kuchokera pamlomo, womwe umadutsa pamzere pakhosi, kulumikizana kumbuyo kwa mutu, kumalire masaya oyera.
Kumbuyo kwa mutu, mchira ndi mapiko kuli buluu wabuluu, ndipo kumbuyo kuli mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira, womwe umatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu, kutengera subspecies ndi malo okhala. Mimba ili ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri wokhala ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. Kwa nthenga zachikaso, zakudya zamtundu wa buluu ndizoyenera. Ngati pali mbozi zambiri zachikasu zobiriwira zokhala ndi carotene pigment pa menyu, ndiye kuti mtundu wachikaso umadzaza kwambiri.
Nsonga zophimba pamapiko zimakhala zoyera, zomwe zimapanga mzere wopingasa motsutsana ndi maziko abuluu. Mtundu wa akazi ndiwopepuka pang'ono, koma kusiyana kwake sikuwoneka kwenikweni. Achinyamata abuluu amakhala achikasu kwambiri, opanda kapu yabuluu, ndipo buluu amakhala ndi imvi.
Kodi tit tit wamba imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Blue Tit ku Russia
Mbalame yowala kwambiri ya buluu yakhazikika ku Ulaya konse, kupatula madera akumpoto omwe kulibe nkhalango. Kum'mwera, gawo logawidwa limakwirira kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, zilumba za Canary, ku Asia limafikira zigawo zakumpoto kwa Syria, Iraq, Iran.
Mbalame za mitundu yowala kwambiri zimakonda nkhalango zowuma, kumene zimamvanso bwino, munkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwake, m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Mwa mitundu yamitengo, imakonda mitengo ya oak ndi birch, nkhalango zowoneka bwino, mutha kuzipezekanso m'nkhalango zosakanikirana.
M'madera ouma, amakonda kukhala m'zigawo za mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Blue tit yasinthidwa bwino ndimikhalidwe yamatawuni, imakhala mosavuta m'mapaki ndi m'mapaki a nkhalango, mabwalo, minda, ndikupereka malo m'malo omwe muli mitengo yakale yopanda kanthu.
Nkhalango za Broadleaf zimakhala ngati mbalame ya buluu ku Africa, makamaka, iyi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thundu:
- Chipwitikizi;
- suberic;
- mwala.
Ku Libya ndi ku Morocco, kumakhala nkhalango zamkungudza ndi nkhalango zowala. Zisamba zazilumba zochokera ku Mediterranean zimakhazikika m'nkhalango zazisa ndi kanjedza. Ma biotopes okondedwa m'maiko aku Asia: thundu, paini, nkhalango zamkungudza.
Kumwera chakumwera kwa derali, ndipamwamba kwambiri tit ya buluu imapezeka m'mapiri:
- Alps mpaka 1,7 zikwi m;
- Mapiri mpaka 1.8 zikwi m;
- Caucasus mpaka 3.5 zikwi mamita;
- Zagros mpaka 2 zikwi m.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe tit yamtambo imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi tit tit amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Blue Tit
Kambalame kakang'ono kali kopindulitsa kwambiri, kuwononga tizirombo ta m'nkhalango. Tizilombo timene timapanga 4/5 pa zakudya zake. M'dera lililonse, amakonda kupatsidwa zina zomwe zimawononga zomera, izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri ndi mphutsi zawo, akangaude, nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba.
Chosangalatsa: Bulu lamtambo siligwira tizilombo mlengalenga, koma timazisonkhanitsa pamodzi ndi thunthu ndi nthambi, sizimatsikira pansi kwambiri.
Kutengera nthawi ndi kuchepa kwa tizilombo, zosankha zimatha kusintha. Chifukwa chake mchaka, pomwe mphutsi sizinawonekere, arachnids ndiye chakudya chachikulu. M'nyengo yozizira, amatenga pansi pa khungwa la tizilombo ndi zinziri zawo, zomwe zimabisala m'nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, gulugufe wamisomali wagolide.
M'chaka, mndandanda wawo umaphatikizapo:
- maluwa kafadala;
- mbozi za gypsy;
- mbozi za masamba odzigudubuza;
- utawaleza;
- mgodi wa mabokosi a mgoza;
- njenjete ya nkhumba;
- nyerere;
- ntchentche;
- zokonda;
- ziphuphu;
- hemiptera;
- mapiko a diso.
Iwo ali akhama kwambiri iwo ali mu chiwonongeko cha nsabwe za m'masamba. Mbalame zimasanthula mosamalitsa nthambi ndi nthambi kufunafuna nyama yatsopano. Amatha kupachika kumapeto kwenikweni mozondoka, akuseweretsa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, pomwe kulibe tizilombo, titit yabuluu imapita kukabzala chakudya, chokhala ndi mbewu ndi zipatso.
Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi mbewu:
- birch;
- cypress;
- kudya;
- mitengo ya paini;
- mtengo;
- mapulo;
- beech.
Mbalame zimasonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera ku udzu wotuluka pansi pa chipale chofewa, kufunafuna tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'nyengo yozizira. Pakutha nyengo yozizira, zakudya zambiri zimayamba kukhala ndi mungu ndi anthers ochokera m'matumba a msondodzi, alder, msondodzi, ndi aspen.
Chosangalatsa: Kulemera, kapangidwe ka thupi, mapiko, mchira ndi miyendo ya mutu wabuluu kumathandiza kuti zizigwira kumapeto kwa nthambi, masamba ake komanso ngakhale popachika ma catkins azomera.
Amabwera kudzadya m'malo omangirira, omwe amapachikidwa ndi anthu m'mapaki, nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe, minda, momwe amadya mbewu za mpendadzuwa, chimanga, nyama yankhumba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame wamba ya buluu
Mitengo yabuluu ndi mbalame zothamangira kwambiri komanso zosapumira, zimauluka mosatopa kupita kunthambi, zikusaka chakudya. Kuuluka kwawo kulinso kwachangu, kumakhala ngati mawonekedwe, pomwe mapikowo amagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Atapachikidwa panthambi, mbalamezi zimapanga zovuta zina, kuwonetsa kuyenda koyenda.
Akuluakulu, ndipo ma buluu a buluu amakhala zaka pafupifupi 4.5, amangokhala. Achinyamata, akufufuza malo ozungulira, akuyang'ana madera atsopano, koma malo okhala m'malo atsopano okhala ndi buluu ndi osowa.
Blue tit ili ndi phokoso lolemera kwambiri kuposa ena am'banja la tit. Uku ndikubwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa "qi" kotchulidwa, chimodzimodzi champhamvu, kulira, kulira polumikizana ndi mbalame zina pagulu.
Mukamaikira mazira, buluu amatenga thumba, koma nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito zopanda kanthu za wina, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala m'malo osayembekezereka kwambiri: mabokosi amakalata, maheji kapena zikwangwani zanjira. M'madera ena, amagwiritsa ntchito maenje ndi zibowo pa zitsa. Amayi ang'ono awa molimba mtima amalowa kunkhondo ndi mitundu ikuluikulu yamabanja, kuteteza malo awo okhala.
Mkati mwake, ngati silikula mokwanira, ndipo nkhuni ndi lofewa, lowola, titeti yabuluu imatha kubudula ndikuchotsa nkhuni mopitilira muyeso. Mkati mwake, chisa chozungulira chokhala ngati mbale chimamangidwa kuchokera ku makungwa, udzu, ubweya, nthenga, moss. Ntchito yomanga chisa cha mbalameyi imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi komanso masiku asanakwane a Epulo. Izi zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Munthawi yonse yoyambilira ya tsikulo, mutu wabuluu umasonkhanitsa ndikubweretsa zinthu ndikuuluka mpaka dzenje nalo mu ola limodzi mpaka makumi atatu.
Chisa chake chimafika pafupifupi masentimita sikisi m'lifupi mwake. Masamba ouma a udzu, nsapato za akavalo, tsitsi la nyama zamtchire ndi zoweta, pansi ndi nthenga za mbalame zosiyanasiyana, moss, chilichonse chimalumikizidwa mosamala ndipo chimakhala ndi kutenthetsa kwabwino. Ntchentche ya tit ya buluu imatsukidwanso mosamala nthawi zonse, ndipo chisa chomwecho, pofika nthawi yomwe ana amakula chimakhala chofanana.
Chosangalatsa: Akatswiri a zachilengedwe ochokera ku UK adazindikira kuti ma buluu amatenga mabowo m'makatoni amkaka ndikudya zotsalira zake. Azolowera chakudyachi popeza chinali chizolowezi kusiya mkaka pakhomo la nyumbayo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Thupi la buluu
Nyumba zazing'ono zazing'onozi zimakonda kuyanjana m'magulu, zomwe zimawoneka mozungulira odyetserako nthawi yozizira kapena panthambi za hawthorn, phulusa lamapiri, komwe akufunafuna chakudya limodzi. Pofika mwezi watha wachisanu, maguluwa amatha, amuna amafufuza ndikudziŵa malowo. Amayamba kuziteteza, kuwonetsa nkhanza kwa amuna ena amtundu wamtambo.
Masewera okhathamira a mbalamezi ndi ovuta:
- kuwuluka kokayenda;
- kunyamuka kwakukulu;
- kuuluka ndi mapiko otambalala ndi mchira;
- kuthamanga mofulumira.
Pakadali pano, amuna amayesa kuoneka okulirapo, amatukula nthenga kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo, ndikupanga phokoso, kutulutsa, kusungunula nthenga pamapiko awo ndi mchira, akuvina pansi. Atakumana ndi mnzawoyo, amuna amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa iye, ndipo mapangidwe awiriawiri atsopano amadziwika ndi kuyimba limodzi.
Mu Epulo, banjali likuyamba kufunafuna chisa ndikumanga chisa. Malo oterewa amakhala pamwamba pa mamitala awiri, kukula kwake kwa taphole sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 30 m'mimba mwake, apo ayi mbalame zazikuluzikulu ndi zolusa zidzagweramo.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, mazira amaikidwiratu, clutch imatha kukhala ndi mazira 6 - 12, m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino ku Europe, kuchuluka kwakukulu kumayikidwa - mpaka mazira 13 - 14. Ngati clutch ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zitha kutanthauza kuti zazikazi ziwiri zikugwiritsa ntchito chisa. M'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi ma conifers pachisa, mulibe zidutswa zopitilira 7, m'mapaki amzindawu kuchuluka kwawo kuli kocheperako.
Mazira oyera okhala ndi timatumba ta buffy amakhala pafupifupi 16 mm kutalika ndi 12mm mulifupi, kulemera kwake pafupifupi magalamu 0.9 - 11. Mkazi wamkazi amalumikiza zowalamulira kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo mnzake nthawi imeneyi amapeza chakudya ndikumubweretsera theka la ola limodzi. Mayi akaganiza zopita kukasaka chakudya payekha, ndiye kuti amaphimba zofundira mosamala. Chisa chikakhala pachiwopsezo, banjali molimba mtima amayesetsa kuteteza, pomwe mbalame zimalira kapena kulira.
Anapiye amaliseche amabadwa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina amatenga masiku angapo. Pakadali pano, alibe chitetezo ndipo mayi wachikondi amawaphimba ndi thupi lake, ndipo bambo amasamalira chakudya. Patadutsa sabata, makolo onse awiri amapita kutchire kukasaka tizilombo kuti tidyetse ana omwe akukulawo.
Pakadutsa milungu itatu, anapiye amakwaniritsidwa ndikusiya nyumba ya makolo, izi zimachitika mchaka choyamba cha Julayi. Kwa masiku ena 7 - 10, makolowo amapitiliza kudyetsa anapiye. M'madera ena, mbalame zimapanga timagulu tiwiri pa nyengo, pamenepo mwana wachiwiri amadziyimira pawokha koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Adani achilengedwe a buluu tit
Chithunzi: Blue tit ikuthawa
Kwa adani amtundu wamtambo, choyambirira, mbalame zodya nyama: nkhwangwa, kadzidzi. Ngakhale jay wamba kapena nyenyezi yaying'ono imatha kuwononga chisa cha tit yabuluu, kudya mazira kapena ana opanda chitetezo.
Oimira ang'onoang'ono a mahellidi amatha kulowa mdzenje la titmouse, koma malo awo sangafanane kwambiri ndi mawere amtambo. Ma Weasel ang'onoang'ono okha ndi omwe amatha kulowa m dzenje ndikuwononga ana onse. Zazikuluzikulu: ma ferrets, ma martens sangathe kulowa mdzenje lolowera, koma amatha kusaka ana omwe angotuluka kumene komanso osadziwa kuwuluka bwino.
M'mapaki amzindawu, minda, kumbuyo kwa nyumba, ma buluu amatsekedwa ndi amphaka. Ngakhale makoswe, imvi ndi agologolo ofiira amatha kulowa mdzenje, atadya ndi mazira, ngati dzenje limaloleza kutero.
Nyengo yoyipa imatha kunenedwanso ndi adani a mawere. Ngati mu Meyi ndi Julayi, panthawi yodyetsa anapiye, kumakhala nyengo yozizira yamvula, ndiye kuti chakudya chachikulu - mbozi, sichimawoneka pang'ono. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusunga ana athanzi kumatenda amtundu wa buluu mumikhalidwe yotere.
Zisa za mbalame zimapezeka. Matenda akuluakulu amtundu wa buluu amatenga nawo kachilomboka pambuyo pa anapiye omwe akula. Izi zimalepheretsa mbalame kupanga clutch yachiwiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Olonda mbalame adazindikira kuti timabele ta buluu tomwe timayikira mazira kachiwirizi tidaponya chifukwa cha utitiri ndi tiziromboti tina, tomwe panthawiyi nkuti atawunjikana ambiri mu chisa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Common tit tit, ndiyotinso buluu
Blue Tit imakhala m'madera onse aku Europe komwe kuli nyengo yotentha komanso ya Mediterranean, kulibe ku Iceland ndi kumpoto kwa Scottish kokha, komanso kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, Finland ndi Russia. Malire akumpoto a malowa amayenda 67, akusunthira ku 65th parallel, akuyandikira zigawo zakum'mawa kwa malire ku Urals, kutsikira ku 62 ° N. sh. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mtundu uwu wamatope apezeka kudera lakumwera kwa Western Siberia. Ndi kwawo, malinga ndi kuyerekezera koipa, mpaka magulu okwana 45 miliyoni a mbalame.
Ku Asia, mitundu ya Cyanistes caeruleus imapezeka ku Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Lebanon, ndi Syria. Ku Africa - ku Morocco, Libya, Tunisia. Pali zokwerera kumtunda kwa mbalame zokongola kulikonse.
Nyumba zoterezi zimangokhala kumadera akumwera. Kumpoto, m'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumalo otentha - kumwera kapena kumadzulo, kumapiri, ndi nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimatsikira pafupi ndi zigwa. Kusuntha koteroko kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira. Komanso, nyengo yozizira imathandizira kuyenda kwakanthawi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Blue tit ya British Isles samauluka mtunda wopitilira 30 km, ndipo anthu omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, kukafika kugombe lakumwera kwa Mediterranean, atayenda makilomita zikwi ziwiri. Kusamuka kwakanthawi kotereku kumayamba kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Buku Lofiira limayang'ana mitundu iyi ya mbalame ngati yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa zochepa, ndikuchuluka. Buluu lowala ndimimba yachikaso buluu tit ndi zokongoletsa nkhalango ndi minda. Wogwira ntchito mosatopa ameneyu amadya tizirombo tambiri pachaka kuposa mbalame zilizonse. Kuti muwakope kuti mupite kuminda yanu ndi malo am'mbuyo, mutha kupachika malo odyetsera ndi mabokosi achisa ndi kabowo kakang'ono ka taphole.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 17.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 nthawi 20:55
