Zachilengedwe ndikulumikizana kwa zamoyo komanso zopanda moyo, zomwe zimakhala ndi zamoyo komanso malo okhala. Makina azachilengedwe ndi mulingo wokulirapo komanso kulumikizana komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mitundu ya zinthu zamoyo. Masiku ano, pali zachilengedwe ndi anthropogenic zachilengedwe. Kusiyana pakati pawo ndikuti woyamba amapangidwa ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe, ndipo chachiwiri mothandizidwa ndi munthu.
Mtengo wa agrocenosis
Agrocenosis ndi chilengedwe chomwe chimapangidwa ndi manja a anthu kuti apeze mbewu, nyama ndi bowa. Agrocenosis amatchedwanso agroecosystem. Zitsanzo za agrocenosis ndi izi:
- apulo ndi minda ina ya zipatso;
- minda ya chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa;
- msipu wa ng'ombe ndi nkhosa;
- minda yamphesa;
- minda yamasamba.
Chifukwa chokhutira ndi zosowa zake komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu, posachedwapa munthu wakakamizidwa kuti asinthe ndikuwononga zachilengedwe. Pofuna kusiyanitsa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbewu zaulimi, anthu amapanga makina azachilengedwe. Masiku ano, 10% ya malo onse omwe akupezeka amakhala ndi malo olimapo mbewu, ndipo 20% - msipu.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zachilengedwe ndi agrocenosis
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa agrocenosis ndi zachilengedwe ndi:
- mbewu zopangidwa mwanzeru sizingapikisane nawo polimbana ndi mitundu yamtchire ya zomera ndi nyama;
- magawo azachilengedwe sanasinthidwe kuti adzichiritse, ndipo amadalira kwathunthu munthu ndipo popanda iye amafooka ndikufa msanga;
- kuchuluka kwa zomera ndi nyama zamtundu womwewo m'zinthu zachilengedwe zimathandizira kukulira kwakukulu ma virus, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo todetsa matenda;
- m'chilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi anthu.
Ziwembu zopangidwa mwaluso ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu. Kuipa kwa agrocenosis ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa tizirombo ndi bowa, zomwe sizimangovulaza mbewu zokha, komanso zitha kuwonjezeranso chilengedwe. Kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu mu agrocenosis kumawonjezeka pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito:
- udzu ndi kuwononga tizilombo;
- kuthirira madera ouma;
- kuyanika malo amadzi;
- m'malo mwa mbewu;
- feteleza okhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zamchere.
Pakukonza gawo lachilengedwe, munthu adamanga magawo abwinobwino pakukula kwachilengedwe. Kubwezeretsanso dothi ndikotchuka kwambiri - njira zingapo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza zinthu zachilengedwe kuti athe kupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri. Njira yolondola yasayansi, kuwongolera nthaka, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi feteleza wamafuta kungakulitse zokolola za agrocenosis poyerekeza ndi chilengedwe.
Zotsatira zoyipa za agrocenosis
Ndikofunikira kuti umunthu ukhalebe ndi chilengedwe komanso chilengedwe. Anthu amapanga makina azachilengedwe kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito pakampani yazakudya. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo opangira zachilengedwe kumafunikira madera ena, chifukwa chake anthu nthawi zambiri amadula nkhalango, amalima nthaka ndikuwononga zachilengedwe zomwe zilipo kale. Izi zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire ndi zolimidwa.
Udindo wachiwiri woyipa umaseweredwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono m'minda yazomera. Mankhwalawa, kudzera m'madzi, mpweya ndi tizirombo tambiri, amalowa m'malo azachilengedwe ndikuwayipitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mopitilira muyeso wamagawo azachilengedwe kumayambitsa kuipitsa matupi amadzi ndi madzi apansi panthaka.
