Camelina bowa amapezeka ku Europe ndipo anthu ambiri amawasankha kuti adye. Kukoma kwa bowa sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwa bowa wina, kununkhira kwake ndi zipatso pang'ono, kukumbukira apurikoti. Chosangalatsa ndichisangalalo chofufuza komanso kuti ndiwokongola chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa lalanje.
Kufotokozera
Zisoti za safironi zamkaka zimakula mpaka masentimita 12 m'mimba mwake ndipo zimapangidwa pang'ono ngati ndodo m'mphepete mwake zomwe ndizopindika mkati mwa zitsanzo zazing'ono. Ndili ndi msinkhu, wotsekemera (wozungulira kapena wolamulidwa) wokhala ndi vuto lalikulu, zisoti za bowa zimakhala zooneka ngati ndodo. Pamwamba pa kapu ndi youma, koma imakhala yonyowa pokonza (yopyapyala) ikanyowa.
Pamtambo wonyezimira, karoti-lalanje, kapena kapu yamtengo wapatali ya apurikoti, mikwingwirima yowonekera nthawi zambiri imawonekera pamwamba, yomwe imapenthedwa apa ndi apo ndi mawanga obiriwira a azitona.
Mtundu wamkaka ndiye kiyi wodziwitsa zisoti za safironi mukamayerekezera ndi bowa wina. Bowa amatulutsa karoti wowala kapena mkaka wa lalanje womwe umatuluka m'matumbo mukawonongeka kapena kudula. Mapasa a Camelina ndi ofanana, koma amawoneka ofiira kwambiri, osandulika ofiira / ofiyira mkati mwa mphindi 10-30 mutakhala ndi mpweya.
Mwendo wa kapu ya mkaka wa safironi uli ndi mawanga. Chifukwa chake, mukameta bowa kuchokera ku mycelium, onetsetsani kudula gawo la tsinde, osati kapu yokha, kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa ngati bowa amadya kapena ayi.
Mukadula bowa umodzi, pakapita kanthawi umayamba kutulutsa madzi amkaka owoneka bwino a lalanje, pafupifupi owala bwino. Madziwo amasiya chizindikiro pamanja kapena zovala ngati angawakhudze. Mitsempha ya bowa iyi imayendetsedwa pansi komanso yayitali, imakhala ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, ndipo imakhala yobiriwira ndi msinkhu.
Mwendo ndi wolimba, mpaka 70 mm kutalika, lalanje muzitsanzo zazing'ono. Zipewa ndi mapazi zimawoneka zobiriwira zobiriwira zikamakalamba kapena zikawonongeka. Zojambula za spore ndi zachikasu.
Bowa amakololedwa kumayambiriro koyamba kukula, chifukwa tizilombo timayala mphutsi mmenemo. Dulani thupi pakati pamene mukusonkhana kuti muwone ngati pali infestation iliyonse yomwe imawonekera ngati mawanga akuda buluu ndi ma tunnel mu bowa. Akamakhwima, matupi a zipatso amakhala otumbululuka ndikukhala akulu kwambiri, zitsanzo zakale zimakhala zodzaza ndi mphutsi komanso zopanda pake.
Mitundu ya zisoti zamkaka safironi
Bowa wofiira wamkaka
Chipewa chimasiyanasiyana kukula, m'mitundu ina yayikulu yoposa 3 kapena 4 masentimita, koma nthawi zambiri kuchokera pamasentimita 5 mpaka 10 m'miyeso, muyesowu umapitilira kawirikawiri. Poyamba, kapuyo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsekemera, kenako imagwa, pakati imamira pang'ono, ndipo pamapeto pake imakhala ndodo. Pamwamba pa kapu pamakhala matte, lalanje wotumbululuka wokhala ndi malo osawoneka bwino, msanga amakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso malo obiriwira obiriwira. Mphepete mwakulungidwa ndi bowa wachichepere, pambuyo pake amatuluka kunja, mopepuka pang'ono.
Hymenophore imafotokozedwa moperewera, lalanje lotumbululuka, ma gill nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira kwa peduncle. Utsi wake wamkaka womwe amatulutsa umasanduka lalanje ukawonongeka, ndipo nthawi zina umakhala wofiira. Mitsempha imasanduka yobiriwira ndi ukalamba.
Mwendo wama cylindrical masentimita 2-4 kutalika ndi 1.2-1.8 masentimita m'mimba mwake uli ndi mtundu wofanana ndi kapu, kapena wopepuka pang'ono. Tsinde lake limakhala lolimba mu bowa wachichepere, lopanda pake komanso lopindika mwa okhwima.
Zamkati, zophatikizana, zoyera pakati ndi lalanje chakumpoto zimatulutsa madzi amkaka omwe ndi kaloti-lalanje, koma pakapita mphindi zochepa amasandulika ofiira. Fungo la madziwo ndi losangalatsa, lobala zipatso, bowa wosaphika ndiwosokosera pang'ono pakulawa, koma umasowa mukaphika.
Ginger wofiira
Mitengo yazipatso imakhala ndi zisoti zotsekemera zokhala ndi gawo lapakati la concave, lomwe limakhala lokulirapo masentimita 4-7.5. Pamwamba pa kapuyo ndiyosalala komanso yomata, ndipo m'mbali mwake mumapindika kutsika, ngakhale bowa akakhwima. Mtundu wa kapu ya safironi wofiira umachokera ku pinki mpaka ku lalanje, nthawi zina ndimadontho otuwa kapena obiriwira, makamaka komwe kumawonongeka.
Mitsempha yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi pedicle ndipo imayandikira moyenera. Ndiwo burgundy wotumbululuka wokhala ndi mphako wonyezimira.
Tsinde lake limakhala lotalika masentimita 2.0-3.5 ndi mulitali wa masentimita 1-2. Malo ake osalala ndi akuda kuchokera pachikaso chofiirira mpaka chikaso chofiirira, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zibangili zofiirira mosasinthasintha. Mnofuwo umayambira mpaka wolimba. Pa mwendo, ndi yofewa komanso yotumbululuka pinki. Pansi pa cuticle ya kapu, ndi bulauni-bulauni ndi bulauni-ofiira pamwambapa.
Kukoma kwa bowa wofiira kumakhala kosavuta mpaka kowawa pang'ono. Ilibe kafungo kalikonse.
Spores kuchokera kozungulira mpaka ellipsoidal, kukula 7.9-9.5 x 8.0-8.8 µm. Amakhala ndi zokongoletsera zakutali mpaka 0.8 µm kutalika ndi reticulum pafupifupi yathunthu yoyerekeza.
Basidia (ma spore cell) ndi ozungulira, okhala ndi ma spores anayi ndipo amayesa 50-70 x 9-11 µm.
Mbalame ya ginger
Kukula kwa kapu ya bowa wa spruce kumachokera pa masentimita 3 mpaka 10, osachepera mpaka masentimita 12 m'lifupi, concave pakatikati ndikuzungulira. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, kapuyo imakhala yotsogola, m'mbali mwake mumakhala kovuta. Kupsinjika kooneka ngati faneli pakatikati pambuyo pake kumakhala kosalala. Pamwamba pa kapu ndiyosalala, ndi yamafuta nyengo yamvula ndipo imanyezimira pouma. Mtundu wake umayambira pa tangerine mpaka bulauni wonyezimira, wakuda komanso wosalira m'mbali mwake wachikaso chofiirira. Mtundu wazitsanzo zakale kapena pambuyo pa kuzizira / chisanu umasintha kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira.
Wandiweyani, lamellae wofanana ndi arc wokhala ndi yosalala kapena pang'ono pang'ono m'mbali mwa lalanje wotumbululuka mpaka ocher wotumbululuka, womata pa tsinde. Amakhala otumphuka komanso osakanikirana ndi timitsempha tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitimayambira kwathunthu kuchokera pamphepete kupita ku peduncle ndipo mwina timayandikira pafupi ndi tsinde. Pa bowa wakale kapena pakawonongeka, mawanga amawoneka ofiira amdima kenako nkukhala obiriwira. Zojambula za spore ndizoyipa kwambiri.
Kutalika, mwendo wama cylindrical, ofiira-lalanje, wokutidwa ndi mawanga. Kutalika kwake kumachokera ku 4 mpaka 8, osachepera 10 masentimita, m'lifupi kwake ndi 1 mpaka 1.5 masentimita. M'munsi mwake, mwendowo umakhuthala pang'ono ndikubowola mkati.
Madzi a mkaka poyamba ndi ofiira karoti ndipo amatenga mtundu wa burgundy mkati mwa mphindi 10-30. Mnofu wosalimba komanso wotumbululuka wachikaso nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mphutsi. Ngati bowa wa spruce wadulidwa kapena wathyoka, umakhala woyamba kukhala wofiira karoti, kenako burgundy, ndipo patatha maola ochepa wobiriwira wobiriwira. Thupi limanunkhiza bwino ngati fungo la zipatso, poyamba limakhala ndi kukoma pang'ono, koma pang'ono pang'ono kochedwa kuchepa, kokometsera kapena kupendekera pang'ono.
Pine bowa
Bowa wa paini uli ndi kapu ya karoti-lalanje kuyambira pamatope mpaka mawonekedwe a vase, ikukula ndikukula ndikukhala ndi vuto lalikulu. M'zitsanzo zazing'ono, imakhala yopindika, masentimita 4-14 m'mimba mwake, nthawi zambiri imawonetsa mizere yakuda ya lalanje kapena mphete zozungulira za ma fibrils opepuka. Chipewa ndi chosalala, chomata komanso chowoneka ngati chonyowa, nthawi zambiri chouma. Ngati yawonongeka, kapuyo imasanduka yobiriwira.
Mafangayi ali ndi mipata yolimba kwambiri. Amatsika tsinde lalanje lalanje, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lopanda mkati, 3 mpaka 8 cm masentimita ndi 1 mpaka 2 masentimita ofiirira, owongoka komanso ozungulira kapena olowera kumunsi. Mtundu wa hymenophore umakhala woyera, kenako wonyezimira-lalanje, mu bowa wakale umakhala walanje lalanje. Ngati zawonongeka, mitsempha imasanduka yobiriwira.
Thupi la bowa limasanduka mdima wandiweyani mukawonongeka. Bowa watsopano wa paini umatulutsa madzi ofiira a lalanje kapena mkaka womwe sungasinthe mtundu.
Mnofu wa kapu ndi miyendo ya bowa wachinyamata wa paini ndi crispy, bowa umatha ndikung'ung'udza. Thupi limayera ndi mizere yofiira-lalanje ndi mawanga komwe kumatulutsa madzi amkaka.
Kununkhira kwa bowa sikudziwika bwino, kukoma kwake kumakhala kovuta pang'ono. Palibe mphete kapena chophimba. Spores 8-11 × 7-9 µm, okhala ndi zotulutsa zolumikizana, zolumikizana.
Bowa omwe amawoneka ngati bowa (abodza)
Mafunde apinki
Amaluma kwambiri kuposa tsabola wa cayenne. Kukoma kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa bowa yaiwisi kumabweretsa ziboliboli palilime. Olemba ena akuti mtunduwu ndiwowopsa kwambiri kapena umayambitsa "gastroenteritis yochepa". Kutulutsa kwamadzimadzi ndi madzi osindikizidwa a matupi azipatso, akajambulidwa pansi pa khungu la chule, amasokoneza kupuma, amayambitsa ziwalo ndipo pamapeto pake amafa.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mukamadya bowa wosaphika ndi monga:
- nseru;
- kusanza;
- Kutsekula m'mimba komwe kumayamba pafupifupi ola limodzi mutamwa.
Kuphatikizana kumeneku kumachepetsa madzi, kumayambitsa kukokana kwa minofu ndikuwononga kufalikira. Gastroenteritis imatha popanda chithandizo m'masiku angapo.
Ngakhale malipoti onena za kawopsedwe, bowa wapinki amakonzedwa ku Finland, Russia ndi mayiko ena akumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, otenthedwa, osungidwa m'madzi kwa masiku angapo kapena kuzifutsa komanso kutamandidwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Ku Norway ndi okazinga ndikuwonjezera khofi.
Miller wamkulu kapena papillary
Chipewa chimakhala chafufumimba ndi chigubhu chaching'ono pakatikati pa mnofu, pafupifupi m'mimba mwake masentimita 9. Mtundu wa bowawo ndi wofiirira kapena wotuwa. Zisoti zachikaso za mitundu yopyola kwambiri ndizouma. Mtundu wa ma gill ndi beige wonyezimira, wofiira pakapita nthawi.
Tsinde lake ndi loyera, lopanda mkati, lobulika, 3.7 cm kutalika, mu bowa wakale limapeza mtundu wa kapu. Zamkati ndi zopanda fungo, zoyera, zosalimba, zowirira. Mdima ukadawonongeka. Mkaka woyera sungasinthe mtundu mumlengalenga, umakoma, kukoma kwake kumakhala kowawa komanso kowawa. Bowa wouma wa papillary umanunkhira ngati udzu kapena kokonati watsopano.
Madzi owawa owawasa amakhudza kukoma kwa mbale, koma samapangitsa bowa kukhala wakupha. Lacarius wamkulu amathiridwa m'madzi kwa masiku atatu ndikusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi, kuthira mchere ndi kuzifutsa.
Zamkati sizotsika mtengo wa caloric ku nyama, zimakhala ndi fiber, mavitamini, mapuloteni, macro ndi ma microelements. Munthu amakhuta msanga, kulemera kwake sikungasinthe.
Wonunkhira Miller
Bowa ali ndi zokometsera zatsopano komanso zonunkhira kokonati. Wogulitsa mafuta onunkhira, odyetsedwa pamisonkhano yonse. Madzi oyera amkaka ndi owawa komanso owopsa. Yoyenera chakudya mutalowa nthawi yayitali m'madzi ozizira komanso mchere. Amadyanso yokazinga limodzi ndi russula kapena podgruzdki. Mukamauma, milkweed onunkhira ndi owopsa.
Mitsempha yamafupipafupi ndi yopyapyala imalumikizidwa ndi mwendo, yofiira, ndipo ikasweka, imatulutsa madzi amkaka ambiri. Chipewa chotuwa, chomwe chimakhala chaching'ono mumitundu yaying'ono, ndichaching'ono, chofewa ndi msinkhu, fanolo limakulirakulira pakati. Khungu limauma komanso limafalikira pang'ono.
Chosalala, tsinde lotayirira mopepuka pang'ono kuposa kapu, pafupifupi kutalika kofanana kukula kwa kapu, mkati mwake. Zamkati ndi fungo la kokonati ndizoyera, zotsekemera, zofewa, zatsopano, zimasiya zokometsera zokometsera. Msuzi wambiri wamkaka wosasintha sasintha mtundu mlengalenga.
Komwe bowa amakula
Mwachilengedwe, bowa ambiri amafanana ndi bowa. Mukazindikira ngati ndikudya kapena ayi, malo osonkhanitsirawo amawerengedwa. Bowa weniweni amakula pansi pa mitengo yokha. Izi ndichifukwa choti mycelium yomwe bowa amatuluka imamangiriridwa pamizu ya mitengo ya payini (mitengo yaku Europe). Mitunduyi imapanga kulumikizana kwa mycorrhizal (symbiosis) ndi mitengo yazipatso. Mukawona china chake chomwe mukuganiza kuti ndi bowa womwe umamera komwe kulibe mitengo ya paini, musatenge kapena kudya bowa ameneyu, chifukwa amatha kukhala owopsa.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa
Mkate wa ginger umakula nyengo yozizira ndipo nthawi zambiri umapezeka kugwa. Otola bowa amatolera bowa ndi chisanu pamene mitengo yatha kale masamba ake ndipo bowa wabisala pansi pake. Chifukwa chake, amakweza masambawo ndi ndodo, apo ayi bowa sangawonekere.
Zopindulitsa
Ma Ryzhiks amafanana ndi masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zili ndi ma multivitamini. Amadyedwa kuti athetse masomphenya, khungu ndi tsitsi. Amino acid ofunikira bowa ndi 75-80% yosavuta. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi bowa amino acid sizotsika kuposa mapuloteni azinyama. Anthu amadyanso zisoti za mkaka wa safironi kuti azitha kununkhira komanso zakudya zachilengedwe osaphika.
Zotsutsana
Pali zotsutsana zochepa. Magawo akulu azisoti zamkaka safironi:
- chifukwa kudzimbidwa;
- kupweteka kwa minofu;
- kuchepetsa kamvekedwe wonse;
- kukulitsa cholecystitis ndi kapamba;
- kuchepetsa acidity wa madzi chapamimba;
- payekhapayekha.
Chogulitsidwacho sichimatha pambuyo pochotsa ndulu. Ma Ryzhiks adzavulaza ngati angasokonezeke ndi bowa wonama wofanana nawo. Zotsatira zogwiritsa ntchito:
- misala;
- chakupha chakupha.
Camelina amatengedwa akamvetsetsa mitundu ya bowa.
Bowa watsopano amakhala ndi ma calories ochepa, mabowa amchere komanso amchere amakhala ndi thanzi. Anthu olemera kwambiri samalangizidwa kuti aziphika bowa wophika mu brine kapena marinade.
