Zamoyo zapadziko lapansi zimakhala ndi zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza anthu. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kosalekeza kwamitundu yonse yazinthu zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zina, njira yosinthira zinthu zina kukhala zina sizimayima kwachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, zomera zimapeza mitundu yonse yazinthu zamankhwala m'nthaka, kuchokera mumlengalenga - carbon dioxide ndi madzi. Mothandizidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa cha photosynthesis, amatulutsa mpweya m'mlengalenga, womwe nyama, anthu, tizilombo timapuma - aliyense amene angaufunire wofunikira. Zikamwalira, zamoyo zimabweza zinthu zonse zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa pansi, pomwe zinthu zakuthupi zimasinthidwanso kukhala nayitrogeni, sulufule ndi zinthu zina zapatebulopo.
Kupatukana kwa njira muzinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu
Kuzungulira kwakukulu kwachilengedwe kwakhala kukuchitika kwazaka mazana ambiri. Ophunzira ake:
- miyala;
- mphepo;
- kutentha kumatentha;
- mpweya.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mapiri amagwa, mphepo ndi mvula zimakokolola fumbi lolowera m'nyanja, m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja. Zinyalala zapansi motsogozedwa ndi ma tectonic zimakhazikika padziko lapansi, pomwe, motenthedwa ndi kutentha, zimadutsanso mdziko lina. Mapiri akaphulika, zinthu izi zimaponyedwa kumtunda, ndikupanga mapiri ndi zitunda zatsopano.
Pakazunguliridwe kakang'ono, zinthu zina zogwira zimachita ntchito yofunikira:
- madzi;
- zakudya;
- kaboni;
- mpweya;
- zomera;
- nyama;
- tizilombo;
- mabakiteriya.
Chipinda kudziunjikira m'kupita kwa moyo wonse wa zambiri sulfure, phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi ena otenga nawo mbali mu njira zamankhwala. Kenako amadyera nyama, zomwe zimapatsa nyama ndi mkaka, khungu ndi ubweya kwa anthu. Mafangayi ndi mabakiteriya amakhala ndi zobwezeretsanso zinyalala za nyama ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu amthupi amunthu. Zotsatira zake, kusungidwa konse kwa mankhwala kumabwerera pansi, ndikudutsa munthaka chifukwa cha kuwola. Umu ndi momwe kuzungulira kwa biogeochemical kumachitikira, kutembenuza zinthu zamoyo kukhala organic, mosemphanitsa.
Ntchito zachiwawa za anthu zadzetsa kusintha kwakanthawi m'zinthu zonse ziwiri, kusintha kosasinthika m'nthaka ndikuwonongeka kwa madzi, chifukwa madera omwe amafesa amafa. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwamitundu yonse ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mpweya ndi zinyalala zamafakitale mumlengalenga ndi madzi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimasanduka nthunzi, chomwe chimakhudza nyengo ndi moyo wa anthu okhala m'chilengedwe chonse.
