Zida zam'mapiri ndizopindulitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe, mwatsoka, sizitetezedwa kuntchito yogwira ntchito. Osangokhala mitengo m'nkhalango, komanso zitsamba, zitsamba, mankhwala, bowa, zipatso, ndere ndi moss. Kutengera ndi gawo la dziko lapansi, nkhalango ndizosiyana, zomwe zimadalira, makamaka, pazinthu zopanga nkhalango:
- kotentha;
- kotentha;
- wotsutsa;
- conifers;
- zosakaniza.
Zotsatira zake, kudera lanyengo kumapangidwa mtundu wa nkhalango. Kutengera kusintha kwamasamba, pali masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse, komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mwambiri, nkhalango zimapezeka m'malo onse apadziko lapansi, kupatula ku Arctic ndi Antarctic. Australia ili ndi nkhalango zochepa. Madera akuluakulu ali ndi nkhalango ku America ndi ku Congo, ku Southeast Asia ndi Canada, ku Russia ndi South America.
Zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango
Mitengo yam'madera otentha ili ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazomera ndi zinyama. Pano pali ming'alu, mitengo ya kanjedza, akalulu, liana, nsungwi, ma epiphyte ndi ena oimira. M'nkhalango zam'madera otentha, pali mitengo ya pine ndi ma magnolias, mitengo ya kanjedza ndi thundu, ma cryptomerias ndi ma laurels.
Nkhalango zosakanikirana zimakhala ndi mitengo ya conifers komanso mitengo yayitali. Nkhalango za Coniferous zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ya pine, larch, spruce ndi fir. Nthawi zina dera lalikulu limakutidwa ndi mitengo yamtundu womwewo, ndipo nthawi zina mitundu iwiri kapena itatu imasakanizidwa, mwachitsanzo, nkhalango za paini-spruce. Mitengo yotambalala imakhala ndi maolivi ndi mapulo, lindens ndi aspens, elms ndi beeches, birches ndi mitengo ya phulusa.
Mbalame zambiri zimakhala mchisoti cha mitengo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapeza nyumba zawo kuno, zimangotengera nyengo yomwe nkhalango ili. Pakati pa mitengoyi, zonse zodya nyama komanso zodya nyama ndi makoswe zimakhala, njoka, abuluzi zimakwawa, komanso tizilombo.
Kusunga zachilengedwe
Vuto la nkhalango zamakono ndizosunga nkhalango zapadziko lonse lapansi. Sizinali zopanda phindu kuti nkhalango zimatchedwa mapapu a dziko lapansi, chifukwa mitengo imatulutsa mpweya potulutsa kaboni dayokisaidi. Osati kwa zaka masauzande ndi mazana za kukhalapo kwaumunthu, vuto lakusowa kw nkhalango kwawonekera, koma m'zaka zapitazi zokha. Mamiliyoni mahekitala a mitengo adadulidwa, zotayika ndizofunikira. M'mayiko ena, kuyambira 25% mpaka 60% ya nkhalango zawonongedwa, ndipo m'malo ena kuposa pamenepo. Kuphatikiza pa kudula mitengo, nkhalango ikuwopsezedwa ndi nthaka, mpweya ndi madzi. Lero tiyenera kuyesetsa kuteteza nkhalango, apo ayi ngakhale kuchepetsedwa kwake kudzakhala tsoka lapadziko lonse lapansi.
