European mink (lat. Mustela lutreola) ndi nyama yodya nyama ya m'mashelidi. Zili m'manja mwa dongosolo la zinyama. M'malo ambiri okhalapo zakale, kwakhala kukuwoneka ngati nyama yomwe yatha ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Kukula kwenikweni kwa chiwerengerochi ndi kovuta kudziwa, koma akuti kuli anthu ochepera 30,000 kuthengo.
Zifukwa zakusowa ndizosiyana. Chinthu choyamba chinali ubweya wamtengo wapatali wa mink, womwe nthawi zonse umafunikira, womwe umalimbikitsa kusaka nyama. Chachiwiri ndikulamulira kwa mink yaku America, yomwe idachotsa ku Europe, kumalo ake achilengedwe. Chinthu chachitatu ndikuwononga madamu ndi malo oyenera kukhala ndi moyo. Ndipo womaliza ndi miliri. Minks yaku Europe imatha kutengeka ndimatenda ngati agalu. Izi zili choncho makamaka kumadera kumene kuli anthu ambiri. Mliri ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zapadera izi.
Kufotokozera
Chizoloŵezi cha ku Ulaya ndi nyama yochepa. Amuna nthawi zina amakula mpaka masentimita 40 ndi kulemera kwa 750 g, ndipo akazi ndi ocheperako - olemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu ndi kupitirira masentimita 25. Thupi limakhala lalitali, miyendo ndi yayifupi. Mchira siwofewa, kutalika kwa 10-15 cm.
Mphuno ndi yopapatiza, yophwatalala pang'ono, yokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira, pafupifupi obisika muubweya wakuda ndi maso opindika. Zala zakuthambo zimatchulidwa ndi nembanemba, izi zimawoneka makamaka pamapazi akumbuyo.
Ubweyawo ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, osati wautali, wokhala ndi madzi abwino, omwe amakhalabe owuma ngakhale atatenga njira yayitali yamadzi. Mtunduwo ndi wa monochromatic, kuyambira kuwala mpaka bulauni yakuda, osakhala wakuda kawirikawiri. Pali malo oyera pachibwano ndi pachifuwa.
Geography ndi malo okhala
M'mbuyomu, minks aku Europe amakhala ku Europe konse, kuyambira Finland mpaka Spain. Komabe, amatha kupezeka m'malo ochepa ku Spain, France, Romania, Ukraine ndi Russia. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala ku Russia. Nambala yawo ndi anthu 20,000 - magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a chiwerengero chadziko lonse lapansi.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi malo okhala, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa anthu. Ndi zolengedwa zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi komanso pamtunda, chifukwa chake zimakhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Ndichizindikiro kuti nyamazi zimakhazikika pafupi ndi nyanja zamadzi, mitsinje, mitsinje ndi madambo. Palibe milandu ya mink yaku Europe yomwe ikuwonekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe idalembedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, Mustela lutreola imafunikira masamba obiriwira pagombe. Amakonza malo awo okhalamo pokumba mapanga kapena kudzaza mitengo, ndikuzitchinjiriza ndi udzu ndi masamba, potero amapeza chitonthozo kwa iwo ndi ana awo.
Zizolowezi
Minks ndi nyama zomwe zimadya usiku zomwe zimakhala bwino nthawi yamadzulo. Koma nthawi zina amasaka usiku. Kusaka kumachitika m'njira yosangalatsa - nyama imatsata nyama yake kuchokera kumtunda, komwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Minks ndi osambira abwino, zala zawo zokhala ndi mawebusayiti zimawathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zikopa zawo ngati mapiko. Ngati ndi kotheka, amasambira bwino, akafika pangozi, amasambira mpaka 20 mita. Akapuma pang'ono, amatha kupitiriza kusambira.
Zakudya zabwino
Minks ndi nyama zodya nyama, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amadya nyama. Mbewa, akalulu, nsomba, crayfish, njoka, achule ndi mbalame zam'madzi ndi gawo la chakudya chawo. Mink yaku Europe imadziwika kuti imadya masamba ena. Zotsalira za zikopa nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'phanga lawo.
Imadyetsa nzika zazing'ono zilizonse m'madamu ndi malo ozungulira. Zakudya zoyambirira ndi izi: makoswe, mbewa, nsomba, amphibiya, achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, kafadala ndi mphutsi.
Nkhuku, abakha ndi nyama zina zazing'ono nthawi zina zimasakidwa pafupi ndi midzi. Pakati pa nthawi ya njala, amatha kudya zinyalala.
Amakonda nyama yatsopano: mu ukapolo, ndikusowa nyama yabwino, amafa ndi njala masiku angapo asanasinthe nyama yowonongeka.
Asanayambe kuzizira, amayesa kupanga malo okhala kuchokera kumadzi amchere, nsomba, makoswe, ndipo nthawi zina mbalame. Achule opanda mphamvu komanso opindidwa amasungidwa m'madzi osaya.
Kubereka
Minks aku Europe amakhala okhaokha. Samasokera m'magulu, amakhala mosiyana. Chosiyana ndi nthawi yakukhwimitsa, pomwe amuna anyani amayamba kuthamangitsa ndikumenyera zazikazi zomwe zakonzeka kukwatira. Izi zimachitika koyambirira kwa masika, ndipo kumapeto kwa Epulo - kuyambira Meyi, atatha masiku 40 ali ndi pakati, amabereka ana ambiri. Kawirikawiri mu zinyalala imodzi kuchokera ana awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Amayi awo amawasunga mkaka kwa miyezi inayi, kenako amasinthana ndi chakudya chamagulu. Mayi amachoka pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo pakatha miyezi 10-12, amatha msinkhu.
