Chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino (Tremarctos ornatus) kapena "Andean" chimapezeka kumpoto kwa Andes ku Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia ndi Chile. Ndi mitundu yokhayo ya zimbalangondo yomwe imapezeka ku South America. Chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi ndi chibale chapafupi kwambiri cha zimbalangondo zazifupi zomwe zimakhala ku Middle Late Pleistocene.
Kufotokozera kwa chimbalangondo cha Andes
Izi ndi zimbalangondo zazing'ono zochokera kubanja la Ursidae. Amuna ndi 33% okulirapo kuposa akazi, ndi 1.5 mita kutalika ndipo amalemera mpaka 154 kg. Akazi nthawi zambiri samalemera makilogalamu oposa 82.
Zimbalangondo zochititsa chidwi zimatchulidwa chifukwa cha mabwalo oyera oyera kapena masentimita awiri aubweya woyera kuzungulira maso, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe a "bespectacled". Chovala chakuthupi chakuda ndi chakuda ndi beige, nthawi zina pamakhala zofiira pamphuno ndi pachifuwa chapamwamba. Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha yomwe zimbalangondo zimakhala komanso chifukwa sizimagona, ubweyawo ndiwowonda. Mitundu ina yonse ya zimbalangondo imakhala ndi nthiti 14, pomwe zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino zili ndi 13.
Zinyama zili ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zopindika, zakuthwa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kukwera, kukumba zitumbwe ndi milomo ya chiswe. Zotsogola zake ndizitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukwera mitengo. Zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi nsagwada zolimba komanso zotakata, zazikulu zomwe nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito kutafuna masamba olimba monga khungwa la mitengo.
Kodi zimbalangondo zokongola zimakhala kuti?
Amakhala m'mapiri otentha ndi mapiri, amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira zomwe zimakuta mapiri a Andes. Zimbalangondo zimapezeka kwambiri kum'maŵa kwa Andes, kumene sakhala pachiwopsezo cha kulamulidwa ndi anthu. Zimbalangondo zimatsika m'mapiri kukafunafuna chakudya m'zipululu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zitunda.
Zomwe zimbalangondo zimadya
Ndi omnivores. Amasonkhanitsa zipatso zakupsa, zipatso, cacti ndi uchi m'nkhalango. M'nthawi yomwe zipatso zakupsa sizimapezeka, amadya nsungwi, chimanga, ndi ma epiphyte, zomera zomwe zimamera pa bromeliads. Nthawi ndi nthawi amawonjezera zakudya zawo ndi tizilombo, makoswe ndi mbalame, koma ndi 7% yokha yazakudya zawo.
Moyo wowoneka bwino wa chimbalangondo
Nyama zimayenda usiku ndipo zimagwira ntchito madzulo. Masana, zimabisala m'mapanga, pansi pa mizu kapena pamtengo. Ndiwo nyama zakutchire zomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya m'mitengo. Kupulumuka kwawo kumadalira makamaka kuthekera kwawo kukwera nkhalango zazitali kwambiri za Andes.
Pamitengo, zimbalangondo zimapanga nsanja zodyetsera kuchokera ku nthambi zosweka ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kupeza chakudya.
Zimbalangondo zooneka bwino si nyama zakutchire, koma sizikhala m'magulu kuti mupewe kupikisana pa chakudya. Akakumana ndi chimbalangondo kapena munthu wina, amachita mosamala koma mokwiya ngati akuwopsezedwa kapena ngati anawo ali pachiwopsezo.
Nyama zokhazokha zimawoneka awiriawiri pokhapokha nyengo yakumasirana. Zimbalangondo zimakonda kukhala chete. Akakumana ndi m'bale wawo ndiye kuti amamulankhula.
Momwe amaberekera komanso kuti amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji
Zimbalangondo zotentha zimaswana chaka chonse, koma makamaka kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Amakula ndipo amabereka ana azaka zapakati pa 4 ndi 7.
Mkazi amabala ana 1-2 mkati mwa zaka 2-3 zilizonse. Mimba imakhala miyezi 6 mpaka 7. Anthu okwatirana amakhala limodzi milungu ingapo atakwatirana. Mkaziyo akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati, kuwonetsetsa kuti kubadwa kumachitika pafupifupi masiku 90 nyengo yachipatso isanakwane pomwe chakudya chokwanira. Ngati kulibe chakudya chokwanira, mazirawo amalowetsedwa mthupi la mayi, ndipo sabereka chaka chino.
Mkazi amamanga phanga asanabadwe. Ana amatenga magalamu 300-500 pobadwa ndipo alibe pogwira, maso awo amatsekedwa mwezi woyamba wamoyo. Anawo amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa zaka ziwiri, akumukwera pamsana, asanatengeredwe ndi amuna akulu omwe akufuna kukwatirana ndi yaikazi.
Chimbalangondo chozizwitsachi chimakhala ndi zaka 25 m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 35 mu ukapolo.
