M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, nswala ya sika inali pafupi kutha; ndi ochepa okha omwe adatsalira pazambiri zamtunduwu zamtunduwu. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zidakhudza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nyama zamphamba za sika zikuphatikiza: kupha nyama yanyama, khungu, nyerere, kapena moyo wosakhala bwino (kusowa kwa chakudya). Osati anthu okha, komanso nyama zolusa zinagwira nawo gawo lakuthana ndi mitunduyo.
Kufotokozera
Sika deer ndi wa mtundu wa Real Deer, womwe ndi wa banja la agwape. Mitundu iyi ya mphalapala imasiyanitsidwa ndi malamulo abwinobwino amthupi, kukongola kwake kumawululidwa pofika zaka zitatu zakubadwa, pomwe amuna ndi akazi amakwanitsa kutalika kwake komanso kulemera kofananira.
M'nyengo yotentha, mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi uli wofanana, ndi mtundu wofiira wokhala ndi mabala oyera pamawonekedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya wamwamuna umachita mdima ndikupeza utoto wa azitona, pomwe akazi amakhala otuwa. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kufika mamita 1.6-1.8 m'litali ndi 0.95-1.12 mita kutalika atafota. Kulemera kwa nswala wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 75-130. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna.
Kunyada kwakukulu ndi katundu wamwamuna ndi nyanga zazing'ono zinayi, kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana masentimita 65-79, wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mtundu wa nthumwi iliyonse yamtunduwu ndiwokha ndipo umatha kukhala wowala kapena wakuda ndimayendedwe angapo. Pamphepete mwa nswala, utoto wake umakhala wowala pang'ono, ndipo pamiyendo ndi wowala kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino. Thupi la nyama lili ndi madontho akomweko, omwe amakhala akulu pamimba, komanso ocheperako kumbuyo. Nthawi zina mawanga oyera amapanga mikwingwirima, malaya amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 7.
Buku Lofiira
Mphalapala ya Ussuri sika ndi yamitundu yosawerengeka ya nyama ndipo yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Malo okhala mtundu uwu ndi gawo lakumwera kwa China, komanso ku Primorsky Territory ku Russia. Chiwerengero cha anthu onse sichiposa mitu 3,000.
Red Book ndi chikalata chalamulo; lili ndi mndandanda wazinyama ndi zomera zomwe zili pangozi kapena pangozi. Nyama zoterezi zimafunikira chitetezo. Dziko lirilonse liri ndi mndandanda wofiira, nthawi zina, dera linalake kapena dera.
M'zaka za zana la 20, nswala ya sika idalembedwanso mu Red Book. Kusaka nyama zamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa, ngati kupha nyama ya sika, kudzakhala kuwononga nyama mwachilungamo ndipo kulangidwa ndi lamulo.
Ku Russia, nswala za Ussuri zikubwezeretsanso ziwerengero zake m'khola la Lazovsky, komanso malo osungira a Vasilkovsky. M'zaka za m'ma XXI, zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa kukhazikika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi.
Sika moyo wa nswala
Nyama zimakhala m'magawo amodzi. Loners amakonda kudya msipu wa mahekitala 100-200, wamwamuna wokhala ndi harem amafunikira mahekitala 400, ndipo gulu la mitu yopitilira 15 limafunikira mahekitala 900. Nthawi yolanda ikatha, amuna achikulire amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gululo limatha kukhala ndi anyamata osiyanasiyana, omwe sanafikebe zaka zitatu. Chiwerengero cha ziweto chimakula mpaka nthawi yozizira, makamaka ngati chaka chinali chabwino kukolola.
Amuna omwe afika zaka zazaka 3-4 amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera olimbirana; Amatha kukhala ndi akazi azimayi mpaka anayi. M'nkhokwe zachilengedwe, yamphongo yamphamvu imatha kuphimba zazikazi 10 mpaka 20. Nkhondo za amuna akulu ndizosowa kwambiri. Mkazi amabala ana kwa miyezi 7.5, kubereka kumagwa koyambirira kwa Juni.
M'chilimwe, mphalapala za sika zimadyetsa usana ndi usiku, ndipo zimagwiranso ntchito masiku oyera m'nyengo yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo ikakhala yovuta, nthawi ya chipale chofewa, mbawala zimakonda kugona m'nkhalango zowirira.
Pakakhala chipale chofewa, munthu wamkulu amatha kuyenda msanga mokwanira, amalaka mosavuta zopinga zokwanira mita 1.7. Chipale chofewa chimachedwetsa kuyenda kwa nyama, kumapangitsa kuti ziziyenda modumphadumpha ndikupangitsa mavuto kupeza chakudya.
Sika deer amatha kuyenda kwakanthawi. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nswala kuthengo sikuposa zaka 15. Kuchepetsa miyoyo yawo: matenda, njala, zolusa, opha nyama mosayenera. M'malo osungira zachilengedwe, malo osungira nyama, sika deer amatha kukhala zaka 21.
Kumene kumakhala
M'zaka za zana la 19, nswala ya sika idakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, North Vietnam, Japan, ndi Korea. Masiku ano mitunduyi idatsalira ku East Asia, New Zealand ndi Russia.
Mu 1940, mbawala za sika zidakhazikika m'malo osungira awa:
- Ilmensky;
- Khopersky;
- Chibambo;
- Buzuluk;
- Oksky;
- Tebedinsky.
Sika nswala amakonda kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa malo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe chipale chofewa chimakhala kwa kanthawi kochepa m'nyengo yozizira. Achinyamata ndi akazi amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja kapena kutsika m'mphepete mwa phiri.
Zomwe zimadya
Gwape wamtunduwu amadya chakudya chomera chokha, chomwe pali mitundu pafupifupi 400. Ku Primorye ndi East Asia, 70% yazakudya ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Semba deer amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya:
- thundu, lomwe ndi zipatso, masamba, masamba, mphukira;
- Linden ndi mphesa za Amur;
- phulusa, mtedza wa Manchurian;
- mapulo, elm ndi sedges.
Nyama imagwiritsa ntchito makungwa a mitengo ngati chakudya kuyambira pakati pa dzinja, pomwe minda ikuluikulu imakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo nthambi za alder, msondodzi ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame sizinyalanyazidwa. Sakonda kumwa madzi am'nyanja.
