Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chinthu choyamba choyenera kutchulidwa pokambirana kalasi gastropods, kotero uku ndikumasiyana kwawo. Pali ambiri a iwo omwe amakhala opanda mchere amakhala m'madzi amchere amchere. miyala.
Kudzitama ziphuphu akhoza ndi kukula kwake kosiyanasiyana. Samakhala motalika: kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zitatu.
Zilombozi zimakondana kwambiri ndi malo ozizira, ndipo mpweya uyeneranso kukhala wopanda chinyezi. Malo amene nyama zimenezi amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zowirira.
Ngati tilingalira nthumwi wamba ya kalasi, ndiye nkhono yomwe ili ndi: thupi (lotambalala kutsogolo ndikugundana kumapeto, mbali yakumtunda pali kukula kwa mawonekedwe a hump), mutu (pamutu pake pali mahema ndi maso) ndi mwendo (wandiweyani, umatha kukulira, ofanana ndi phazi).
Zonsezi ndizophimbidwa ndi chipolopolo. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyanja, gawo ili limakhala lokulirapo kwambiri.
Ngati palibe chowopseza nyamayo, imangoyika thupi m chipolopolo chake. Kusiyananso kwina ndi ma molluscs ena ndikutayika kwamagawo awiri.
Awo. ngati nyama zina zili ndi impso, mitsempha, ndi zina zambiri, ndiye kapangidwe ka gastropods izi sizikutanthauza, ziwalo zawo ndizotheka kugwira ntchito popanda "mnzake". Otsetsereka alibe kumva kapena mawu; mphamvu yakukhudza ndi kununkhiza kumawathandiza kuyenda.
Kapangidwe
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mutu. Maso a nkhono amakhala pamutu palokha kapena kumapeto kwa "nyanga". Imazungulira panja ngati kuli kofunikira.
Thupi la mollusk ndi thumba lokhalitsa, kumtunda kwake komwe kukula kopindika mozungulira kumatuluka. Zomwe mawonekedwe amiyendo amathandizira kukhalabe olimba.
Chakudya chikapezeka, chimalowa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo. Pakhoza kukhala awiri (ngati tikulankhula za zinthu zosavuta), kapena chimodzi.
Chovala chimakhala pamwamba pa thupi la gastropods. Zina zili ndi ziwiri, koma zambiri zopanda mafupa zimakhala ndi khola limodzi (zimatha kukhala kutsogolo kwa thupi kapena kumbuyo).
Nyama yotereyi ikawopsedwa ndikulowetsedwa mu chipolopolo, pakamwa pake imatsekedwa ndi kapu yaying'ono. Ngati patsogolo panu pali cholengedwa chapadziko lapansi, kapena nthawi ndi nthawi chikusintha malo ake, ndiye kuti amapuma dongosolo la gastropod kuyimiridwa ndi mapapo amodzi. Poterepa, gulugufe akabisala mu chipolopolo, pakamwa pake pamakhala chotseguka.
Pali ena omwe amakhala pamtunda, pomwe amasunga madzi mchipinda chake chovala chovala cham'madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mipweya yopumira. Mwa njira, alibe mtundu.
Kuchokera kumatumbo omwe amafunda chovala, chinthu chimatulutsidwa, chifukwa chake chipolopolo cha nyama chimakula. Amamangirira thupi ndi minofu yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imalola kuti mollusk ikokedwe ngati pali china chake.
Pamwamba pa chipolopolocho ndiye gawo lakale kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti chinyama sichidya kwambiri nthawi yozizira, ndipo chilibe zinthu zokwanira mthupi kuti chiwonjeze kukula kwa "nyumba" yake.
Pamwamba pake, mizere yapachaka imawonekera, pomwe zaka za mollusk zimatha kudziwika. Nthawi zina chipolopolo cha mollusk chimasandulika bedi lenileni lamaluwa m'madzi, ngati munthuyo samayenda kwambiri, limangokhala ndi ndere.
Momwemonso, izi zimasewera m'manja mwa nyama zopanda mafupa, chifukwa zomera zimathandizira mpweya wabwino kulowa mthupi lake. Awa nthawi zambiri amakhala omwe adaphunzira kusambira muzochitika, mwachitsanzo, mapiko, kapena iwo omwe amabowola pansi.
Zindikirani kuti dongosolo lamanjenje la gastropods, monga mawonekedwe onse, amadalira kwambiri torsion. Ndipo kukhudzika kumakonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi pakhungu.
Ndipo za kubereka, zimangokhala zopanda nyama zogonana zokha. Ngati tikulankhula zakale, ndiye kuti, malinga ndi zomwe asayansi ambiri awona, nthawi yokwatirana, umuna wa anthu onsewo umachitika.
Maselo amphongo amphongo atalowa potsegulira kwa akazi, moyo watsopano sungayambike nthawi yomweyo. Mkazi amatha kuchedwetsa njira yoberekera posunga umuna mkati mwake.
Izi zikachitika, nyama zopanda mafupa ija imaikira mazira, omwe amapangidwa kale ndi nkhono zazing'ono, kapena mphutsi. Kunena zowona, nkhono siziikira mazira ndikuzisiya m'thupi mpaka zitaswa.
Zakudya zabwino
Taganizirani izi chakudya cha gastropods... Grater imawathandizanso kupeza chakudya.
Chifukwa chake amatcha china chake ngati lirime, lomwe ladzaza ndi mano ang'onoang'ono oterera. Zomwezi zimachitikanso nkhono zitadutsa pamiyala yomira, kenako zimangoyala mitundu ingapo yamagulu yaying'ono yomatira pamiyalayo.
Zowononga zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa radula (grater): mano ena amatuluka mkamwa, amatha, ngati zokometsera, kulumikizana ndi thupi la wovulalayo, pambuyo pake amabaya poizoni. Chiwembu chofananachi chimagwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pomwe anzawo am'banja amakhala chakudya cham'mimba.
Choyamba, chilombocho chimapanga mavavu awo, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito malovu, koma osati wamba, koma okhala ndi asidi wa sulfuric. Herbivores amangoluma ndere ndi zomera zowola. Izi, mwa njira, ndizofunikira udindo wa gastropods m'chilengedwe.
Mitundu
Kuganizira mitundu ya ma gastropods, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zidagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Zowonjezera
Gulu lalikulu kwambiri, lokhala ndi chipolopolo chotukuka bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala woboola pakati. Pansipa tikambirana za ena mwa omwe akuyimira kalasiyi:
- Abalone
Mollusk adatchulidwapo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, chipolopolo chake chimafanana kwambiri ndi khutu lenileni la munthu. Ndipo kuchokera mkati mwake amadziphimba ndi mayi wina wa ngale.
Izi zasintha cholengedwa cham'nyanja kukhala chinthu chamisiri, chifukwa chimapanga zikumbutso zotchuka. Ngale zosowa kwambiri komanso zokongola zimapezeka mu zipolopolo zazinthu zamagulu angapo nthawi zambiri, zimakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira komanso wofiirira.
Kuphatikiza apo, khutu limadyedwa mwachangu, monga zakudya zonse, zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Banja ili limaphatikizaponso mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya anthu osiyanasiyana.
Amakonda madzi am'nyanja ofunda, ndikukhala komweko. Pofuna kukhala pamalo oyenera, amagwiritsa ntchito mwendo wawo wamphamvu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikiza koteroko ndikolimba kwambiri kotero kuti oyendetsa minda yamtengo wapatali amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni kuti ang'ambe mollusc pansi. Mitsempha yopanda mafuta imapezeka m'kati mwake.
Madzi omwe amalowa mmenemo amapereka mpweya, kenako amatuluka kudzera m'mabowo omwe amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwake. Amakhala otanganidwa madzulo komanso madzulo. Feteleza mwa iwo amapezeka kunja kwa thupi la munthu, i.e. Maselo oberekera achikazi ndi abambo amapezeka mgulu lamadzi.
- Lipenga
Ili ndi chipolopolo chowongolera komanso chopindika pang'ono. Ngati lipenga limangoyenda, limangothamangitsa malingaliro 10 okha munjira, koma ngati akufuna chakudya, amatha kuthamangitsa liwiro lake.
Masentimita 15 - uku ndikutalika kwapakati pa "nyumba" ya nkhono. Malipenga ambiri amadyedwa ku Asia.
Komabe, ngati tikulankhula za lipenga lalikulu, ndiye kuti nkhonozi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zazikulu kwambiri m'nyanja. Chiwalo chomwecho chimapangidwira kukhudza.
Trumpeter amadyedwa ndi starfish, nsomba, nkhanu komanso ma walrus. Mwa okondedwa ake pali bivalves.
Mwachitsanzo, ndi nyama ya mussel yonse, nkhonoyi imawongoka patangopita maola ochepa. Ngati ndi kotheka, tulutsani pakhosi ndikupera chakudya chisanalowe mu goth.
Anthuwa ndi osiyana siyana. Nkhono yaying'ono imayenera kukukuta kudzera pamakoma a kapisozi.
- Rapana
Kamodzi zimapezeka ku Nyanja ya Japan kokha, koma tsopano nkhonozi zimapezeka paliponse, makamaka ku Black Sea. Nthawi zambiri amabisala m'manda mumchenga.
Chigoba chawo ndichachidziwikire chifukwa chimakutidwa ndi zowerengera zingapo, zofanana ndi ma spines. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa kwa anthu, chifukwa chipolopolo chimagulitsidwa ngati zokumbutsa.
- Nyanga ya newt (charonium)
Gastropod yayikulu, kutalika kwa chigoba choboola pakati chomwe chimafika mpaka masentimita 50. Chigoba chachikaso chimaphimbidwa ndi mawanga abulauni.
Mutha kukumana ndi nkhono m'nyanja zotentha. Madzi akuya si ake, koma matanthwe a coral ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, nyenyezi zimangowononga miyala yokongola kwambiri yamakorali, ndikudya chilichonse panjira yawo.
- Marisa
Zikuwoneka ngati nkhono wachikale wokhala ndi chipolopolo choboola ngati beige chokhala ndi mitsempha yakuda. Thupi lopanda mafuta ndilopepuka, loyera, kapena lachikasu.
Nkhono sizosankha kwenikweni chakudya: ndere, zowola, caviar yachilendo ndi zovunda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Kwa "atsikana" ndi bulauni yakuda, ndipo kwa "anyamata" ndi beige wonyezimira.
Pofuna kupanga clutch, mollusk amapeza tsamba labwino la chomera china ndikuyika mazirawo pansi pake. Okalamba, amadzikongoletsa kwambiri chipolopolo cha gastropod.
- Wonyamula zamoyo (dambo)
Nyama zam'madzi izi zimafuna madzi ozizira ndi matope pansi pamadzi, kaya ndi nyanja, chithaphwi, kapena mtsinje. Invertebrates moyo zaka 6.
Mkazi amabereka ana khumi ndi atatu nthawi imodzi, si mazira omwe amatuluka mthupi mwake, koma ndi nkhono zodzaza. chipolopolo choteteza chomwe chimasowa pakapita nthawi.
- Murex
Zigoba zokongola za nkhonozi sizimangokhala ndi ziphuphu, mitsempha komanso zotuluka, komanso mtundu wosangalatsa, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira wokhala ndi mizere yapinki. Otsatirawa amakhala m'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndipo ngati tsopano zidayimbidwa kuti zongokongoletsera nyumba zokhalamo, koma m'masiku akale nkhonozi zidawonongedwa ndi mamiliyoni ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kuti akhale ofiirira. Ankagwiritsa ntchito utoto popangira zovala kwa olemekezeka, kujambula zithunzi komanso inki.
- Tilomelania
Nkhono yowala yachikaso iyi imakhala ndi chigoba chofiyira pafupifupi chakuda, chopingasa komanso chowoneka ngati chowzungulira. Wokhala kunyanja uyu ndi wonyezimira.
Zimatanthauza mtundu wa viviparous. Ngati alipo gastropods m'chilengedwe, ndiye kuti amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 5, koma ngati mungaziike m'nyanja yamadzi, nthawi yomwe amakhala ndi moyo imatha kuwirikiza.
- Mapuloteni
Zamoyozi zimasefukira madzi oyera, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamtunda. Ngati chinyama chikukhala m'madzi oyera - gulu limodzi.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa kwambiri ndikuti m'mphepete mwa malaya akunja ochokera mbali yakutsogolo amakula limodzi ndi thupi la munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti okhala m'madzi amayenera kuwonekera nthawi ndi nthawi kuti apeze mpweya.
Ma molluscs onse am'mapapo ndi ma hermaphrodites.
- Achatinids
Giant Achatina ndiye nkhono yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mollusk amadya chilichonse - masamba ndi udzu wosiyanasiyana.
Nkhonozi sizikusowa bwenzi kuti zibereke ana. Chiwembucho chimagwira anthu okhawo omwe ali ofanana.
Ngati anthuwa ndi osiyana kukula, ndiye kuti wamkuluwo atha kukhala mayi. Molluscs amatha kukhala okhwima pakangopita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Mitundu ya nkhonoyi ndiyotchuka ngati chiweto.
- Nkhono zamadziwe
Mukawayang'ana kuchokera pamwamba. Kenako mutha kuwona kuti mbali imodzi chipolopolocho, chomwe ndi chopindika, chinali chozungulira, ndipo mbali inayo, ndi yopyapyala komanso yakuthwa. Zaka zawo ndizochepa - miyezi 9 yokha, ngakhale ali mu ukapolo atha kukhala zaka ziwiri.
Zingwe zazing'ono zazing'ono zitatu zimawoneka pamutu waukulu. Sangadzitamande ndi mtundu wowala, nthawi zambiri amakhala matope ndi bulauni.
Zakudyazo ndizopangidwa ndi chomera, koma ntchentche kapena mazira a nsomba sangatayidwe. Kuti muchite izi, nkhono za dziwe zimatembenuka ndikuweramira.
Masana, nkhono za dziwe zimayandama pamwamba posungira kasanu ndi kamodzi, zonse kuti zitenge mpweya m'mapapo. Ma Aquarists sawakonda kwambiri. mitundu ya ma gastropods, zonsezi chifukwa cha kususuka komanso kubereka.
- Postobranchial
Ali ndi thupi lalitali, lathyathyathya. Awa ndi ma gastropods ooneka modabwitsa kwambiri.
- Glaucus
Zikuwoneka ngati nsomba zosowa, zimatchedwanso "chinjoka chabuluu". Ndisanayiwale, thupi gastropod mollusc ali ndi buluu lowala, mtundu wokongola kwambiri. Nyama ndi yaying'ono: kuchokera pa masentimita angapo mpaka asanu.
Glaucus ndi wowopsa kwambiri, ndiwowopsa osati kwa iwo okha omwe akufuna kudya nawo, komanso kwa omwe amuzunza. Mwa njira, cholengedwa chachilendochi sichikhala pachiwopsezo chilichonse kwa anthu.
- Nyanja hare (aplysia)
Nyama yachilendo iyi ilibe chipolopolo, koma imakhala ndi beige wonyezimira (nthawi zina wofiirira, bulauni, bwalo, kapena kachitsotso) thupi, kumbuyo kwake komwe mtundu wina wamapiko umadutsa.
Nyanga za slug ndizopindika modabwitsa, ngati makutu a bunny. Ngati chinsombacho chimaopa china chake, chimatulutsa inki yofiirira.
- Slug yamadzi
Kuti mupeze michere. Mwakuwoneka, chikopa chimafanana ndi tsamba lobiriwira la mtengo, lomwe lilinso ndi mutu wa nkhono.
Mtengo
Popanda ma gastropods, padzakhala chisokonezo chenicheni m'madamu. zindikirani, izo kufunika kwa gastropods chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, slugs amawononga mbewu.
Kuphatikiza apo, zolengedwa izi zimatenga malo awo munthawi ya chakudya, mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi anangumi sangakhale popanda iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, zipolopolo zimapanga luso komanso zokongoletsa.
