Tsopano m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, ntchito yomanga ikuchitika mwachangu, osati nyumba zogona zokha, komanso malo ogulitsa ndi mafakitale. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga mofananamo kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomanga. Kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwake, ndikofunikira kutaya zinyalala zamtunduwu kapena kusintha momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikugwiritsanso ntchito.
Ntchito yomanga zinyalala
Zinyalala zamagulu otsatirawa zimasiyanitsidwa pamalo omanga:
- Zinyalala zazikulu. Izi ndizinthu zamakonzedwe ndi mamangidwe omwe amawoneka chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwanyumba.
- Kulongedza zinyalala. Nthawi zambiri kalasiyi imakhala ndi makanema, mapepala ndi zinthu zina momwe zinthu zomangira zimadzazidwa.
- Zinyalala zina. Mu gululi, fumbi, zinyalala, zinyenyeswazi, zonse zomwe zimawoneka chifukwa chomaliza.
Zinyalala zamtunduwu zimawoneka magawo osiyanasiyana pakupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, zinyalala zimagawidwa malinga ndi zida:
- zida;
- zomangamanga;
- matabwa konkire;
- galasi - yolimba, yosweka;
- nkhuni;
- zinthu zoyankhulirana, ndi zina zambiri.
Njira zobwezeretsanso ndi kutaya
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, zinyalala zomangamanga zimatayidwa kapena kupangidwanso kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito. Zipangizo sizibwezeretsedwa nthawi zonse momwe zimakhalira poyamba. Kutengera ndi malonda, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosungunula, konkire wosweka amapezeka kuchokera ku konkire yolimbitsa, yomwe ingakhale yothandiza pantchito zina zomanga.
Kuchokera pazonse zomwe zili ndi phula, ndizotheka kupeza phula-polima mastic, phula-ufa, misa wokhala ndi mchere ndi phula. Pambuyo pake, zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misewu ndikupanga zinthu zotetezera.
M'mbuyomu, zida zapadera zimasonkhanitsa zinyalala kuchokera kumalo omangira, zimapita nazo kumalo otayira ndikutaya. Pachifukwa ichi, zida zokumba zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimaphwanya ndikuthira zinyalala, ndipo pambuyo pake zinyalala zina zidaponyedwa kwa iwo. Tsopano zobwezeretsanso zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono. Pakuthyola mabampu, ma sheyala a hydraulic kapena makina okhala ndi nyundo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pake, chomera chophwanyika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimalekanitsa zinthuzo kukhala tizigawo tomwe tikufuna.
Popeza chaka chilichonse kumakhala kovuta kuwononga zinyalala zomanga, nthawi zambiri zimapangidwanso:
- sonkhanitsa;
- kutumizidwa kukakonza mbewu;
- mtundu;
- yeretsa;
- konzekerani kugwiritsa ntchito kwina.
Kukula kwamakampani m'maiko osiyanasiyana
M'mayiko a North America ndi Europe, mtengo wotaya zinyalala zomangamanga ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe amatayira. Izi zimapangitsa makampani omanga kuti asamapeze zinyalala, koma kuti azigwiritse ntchito kupeza zinthu zina zapadera. M'tsogolomu, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumachepetsa kwambiri bajeti, chifukwa mtengo wake ndi wotsika poyerekeza ndi zomangira zatsopano.
Chifukwa cha izi, 90% ya zinyalala zomanga zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Sweden, Holland ndi Denmark. Ku Germany, akuluakulu aboma aletsa kusungitsa zinyalala pamalo omwe atayidwa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso. Chigawo chachikulu cha zinyalala zomanga chimabwezedwanso kumakampani opanga zomangamanga.
Ntchito yachiwiri
Kugwiritsanso ntchito njira yobwezeretsanso ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto la zinyalala zomanga. Powononga nyumba, dongo, mwala wosweka, mchenga, njerwa zosweka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ngalande ndikukonza malo osiyanasiyana. Zipangizi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga konkriti. Kutengera momwe nyumbazi zilili, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza misewu. Kukonzekera kwa zinthuzi kuli kofunikira makamaka kumayiko komwe kuli miyala ingapo yopangira miyala.
Nyumba zikagwetsedwa, phula la phula nthawi zambiri limachotsedwa. M'tsogolomu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misewu yatsopano, panjira palokha, komanso ma bevel, zokumbikakumbika ndi mapilo.
Kuthekera kwa kukonzanso zinyalala ndi motere:
- kusunga ndalama pogula zatsopano;
- kuchepetsa zinyalala mdziko muno;
- kuchepetsa nkhawa zachilengedwe.
Lamulo Loyang'anira Zinyalala
Ku Russia, pali malamulo oyendetsera zinyalala zomangamanga. Zimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kuteteza chilengedwe kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyipa za zinyalala. Pachifukwa ichi, mbiri ya kasamalidwe ka zinyalala imasungidwa:
- kuchuluka amatengedwa;
- kuchuluka komwe kunatumizidwa kukakonzedwa;
- kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso;
- Kodi kuyeretsa ndi kutaya zinyalala kunachitika?
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito magulu onse azinthu siziyenera kudziwa makampani opanga okha, komanso anthu wamba omwe akukonza ndi kumanga. Zamoyo zapadziko lapansi zimadalira kutaya zinyalala zomangamanga, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ngati kuli kotheka.
