Ngakhale anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, si nkhuku zonse zomwe zimawoneka mofanana; mbalame zimakhala zazikulu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, thupi lonse la nkhuku ndilofala kwa mitundu yonse:
- thupi lozungulira lokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono;
- kukula kwa squat;
- nthenga zakuda;
- ndevu ndi chisa pamutu.
Mitundu ya nkhuku
Kulimbana
Mbalamezi zimasinthidwa ndewu zazitali (nthawi zina mpaka maola 0,5). Mitunduyi imapangidwa ndi anthu, poganizira zochitika za ntchitoyi. Nkhuku zimapopedwa ndi ma steroids, nthenga amazula.
Mtundu waku Belgian
Njira zoyeserera pakusankhidwa kwawo zidapangitsa kuti tambala wamkulu wamtundu wa Belgian atuluke. Amalemera pakati pa 3.5 ndi 5.5 kg. Samangolimbana bwino, komanso amabweretsa anapiye ambiri ndi nyama yokoma.
Azil mtundu waung'ono
Mtundu wocheperako wa Azil umalemera makilogalamu 2.5, ndiwankhanza, ndipo amatha kuwukira anthu.
Mtundu wa Uzbekistan
Mitundu ya nkhuku ya ku Uzbekistan imamenya nkhondo yolimba, pakati pamipikisano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyikira mazira ambiri.
Nkhuku zaku Moscow
Nkhuku zaku Moscow zimalemera makilogalamu 2.7 mpaka 6. Anthu sanawalere makamaka chifukwa cha mpikisano, koma nyama.
Nkhuku zaku Japan zomenya
Nkhuku zaku Japan zomwe sizimenya nkhondo sizimasinthidwa mndende, zimamwalira ndi chisanu nthawi zambiri kuposa pankhondo.
Zokongoletsa
Chaku Russia
Ma Crested aku Russia apambana chisoni ndi kakhosi kokongola. Njira yayikulu yosankhira nkhuku zamtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe achilendo.
Sibright
Nkhuku zazing'ono zimalemera magalamu 400 mpaka 500, koma zimakhala ndi mchira wokongola wooneka ngati fan ndipo zimanyamula mazira 90 pachaka.
Paduan
Paduan, kuwonjezera pa kukongola, amakhalanso ndi chonde, mwini wake amalandira mazira 120 pachaka.
Nkhuku zakuda zaku Dutch zoyera
Nkhuku zakuda zakuda za Dutch ndizokongola kunja kwawo, koma zimafuna kuti zisungidwe.
Nkhuku zopotana
Nkhuku zimaswana Shabo
Shabo amasungidwa pafamuyi chifukwa cha nthenga zake zachilendo.
Nyama
Izi ndi nkhuku zazikulu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, zimatulutsa nyama yambiri, mazira ochepa kapena osabereka konse.
Chimanga
Cornish yolemera mpaka 5 kg, imayikira mpaka mazira 160 pachaka.
Mechelen
Nyama yawo ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yosalala, ndipo mazira awo ndi akulu.
Brama
Brahma amalemera mpaka 6 kg, amamangiriridwa kwa mwiniwake, ndizomvetsa chisoni kuwanyamula.
Nyama
Izi ndi nkhuku za konsekonse, zimalandira nyama ndi mazira, modzichepetsa, sizikusowa zochitika zapadera.
Kyrgyz imvi
Uwu ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mitundu itatu yokhala ndi nyama yofewa komanso yokoma, imapereka mazira mpaka 180, amakhala nyengo yotentha. Nkhuku zimalemera makilogalamu 2.7, tambala - 3.5.
Mpweya
Barnevelder amalemera 3.75 kg ndipo amalandira mazira 180 pachaka.
Yurlovskie
Yurlovskie vociferous pambali pa mazira 160 amapatsa 3.3 kg ya nyama, amaswa mazira pawokha.
Leningrad azungu
Mazira oyera a Leningrad amaikira mazira 160-180 pachaka. Ganizirani ma kilogalamu a 4.3.
Zagorsk nsomba mtundu nsomba
Roosters 4.5 makilogalamu. Nkhuku zimaikira mazira 280 pachaka.
Kotlyarevsky
Ma Kotlyarevskies amalemera makilogalamu 3.2-4. Kupanga mazira kuchokera ku mazira 155 / chaka.
Nkhuku zopanda ubweya
Wamaliseche amatulutsa mazira 180, nyama 2-3.5 kg.
Nkhuku za Poltava
Magawo a Poltava amabweretsa mazira 190.
Nkhuku zofiira zoyera
Wofiira woyera mpaka 4.5 kg, mazira amatulutsa zidutswa 160.
Mitundu ya nkhuku
Uku ndiye kusankha kwa iwo omwe amagulitsa mazira pamsika.
Wachizungu waku Russia imapereka mazira 250 - 300.
Leghorn
Leghorn imaikira mazira tsiku lililonse kuyambira milungu 17 yazaka.
Minorca, PA
Minorcas amaikira mazira 200.
Partridge waku Italiya
Partridge yaku Italiya imapereka mazira mpaka 240.
Nkhuku ya Hamburg
Nkhuku ya Hamburg ndi yokongola komanso yotakata - mazira 220 pagawo lililonse pachaka.
Nkhuku yagolide yachi Czech
Golide waku Czech amatulutsa mazira 170 olemera magalamu 55-60.
Mitundu yosawerengeka
Nkhukuzi zatsala pang'ono kutha:
Aracuana, kwawo kwa South America, amaikira mazira abuluu.
Gudan, chiyambi - France. Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame amayamikira mutu wa mutu ndi ndevu zobiriwira.
Yokohama - nkhuku yodekha, koma modabwitsa, imamwalira msanga m'malo osayenera.
Mitundu ndi nkhuku zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 175 ya nkhuku, m'magulu 12 komanso mitundu pafupifupi 60. Kalasi ndi gulu la mitundu yochokera kudera lomwelo. Mayina omwewo - Asia, America, Mediterranean, ndi ena akuwonetsa dera lomwe mbalame zimachokera.
Kubereketsa kumatanthauza gulu lomwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amthupi monga mawonekedwe a thupi, khungu, kaimidwe ndi zala zakuphazi. Zosiyanasiyana ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka mtundu kutengera mtundu wa nthenga, mtunda kapena ndevu. Mtundu uliwonse umayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana thupi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Gulu la nkhuku zamalonda ndi gulu kapena gulu lomwe lapangidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi anthu kuti likwaniritse zina zofunika.
Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe a nkhuku
Mbalame, miyendo yokutidwa ndi mamba, ndi zikhadabo lakuthwa iwo kugwira zinthu. Nkhuku sizongokhala zoyera, zofiirira komanso zakuda - ndi golide, siliva, wofiira, wabuluu komanso wobiriwira!
Atambala achikulire (amuna) ali ndi zisa zonunkhira zofiira ndi nthenga zokongola, michira ikuluikulu ndi nthenga zonyezimira. Tambala amakhala ndi ziboda m'manja mwawo, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pomenya nkhondo ndi amuna ena. M'mafuko ena, "ndevu" za nthenga zimawoneka pansi pamlomo wapansi.
Nkhuku zimakutidwa ndi nthenga, koma zili ndi ubweya wachikuda wofalikira m'thupi lonse. Wogwiritsa ntchito wamba samawona tsitsi ili chifukwa lapsa pamalo osakira. Nkhuku ili ndi mulomo, ilibe mano. Chakudya chimatafunidwa m'mimba. Olima nkhuku ambiri ogulitsa samawonjezera miyala yaying'ono pachakudya cha nkhuku zawo, zomwe mbalame zimasonkhanitsa ndi udzu wodyetsa kwaulere, zimawadyetsa chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chimakumbidwa msanga ndi timadziti.
Nkhuku zili ndi mafupa obowoka, zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kukhala losavuta kuuluka ngati mbalameyo sinathenso kuchita maulendo angapo apafupi.
Nkhuku zili ndi matumba a mpweya okwana 13, omwe, nawonso, amapangitsa thupi kukhala lopepuka, ndipo matumbawa ndi gawo logwirirapo ntchito la kupuma.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zambiri ndikuti nkhuku ili ndi chisa ndi ndevu ziwiri. Kachilombako ndi kachipangizo kofiira pamutu, ndipo ma barb ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zili pansi pa chibwano. Awa ndi machitidwe achiwiri achiwerewere ndipo amawonekera kwambiri atambala.
Chisa ndi mbiriyakale ya kuweta nkhuku
Chisa chinali maziko a dzina lachilatini kapena gulu la nkhuku. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, gallus amatanthauza chisa, ndipo nkhuku zoweta zimatanthauza Gallus domesticus. Bankiva (wofiira) nkhuku yamtchire - kholo la nkhuku zowetedwa kwambiri, zotchedwa Gallus bankiva mchilatini. Mitundu ndi nkhuku zapakhomo zomwe zimadziwika masiku ano zimakhulupirira kuti zasintha kuchokera ku Gallus bankiva, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Gallus gallus yochokera ku Southeast Asia, komwe imapezekabe m'chilengedwe. Nkhuku zoweta zidakulira ku India kuyambira 3200 BC, ndipo zolemba zimasonyeza kuti amasungidwa ku China ndi Egypt mu 1400 BC.
Pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya zisa za nkhuku zodziwika ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo:
- wofanana ndi tsamba limodzi;
- pinki;
- mu mawonekedwe a nyemba mtola;
- woboola pakati pamilo;
- mtedza;
- kuphika;
- V-mawonekedwe;
- nyanga.
Nkhuku ndi mbalame yomwe siuluka
Miyendo iwiri ndi mapiko awiri amathandizira ndikuwongolera mayendedwe amthupi. Nkhuku zoweta zataya mphamvu zawo zowuluka. Mitundu yolemetsa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama imapanga mapiko ang'onoang'ono a mapiko awo, imalumphira kumtunda pang'ono, ndikusunthira pansi. Mbalame zokhala ndi matupi opepuka zimauluka mtunda waufupi, ndipo zina zimauluka m'mipanda yayitali kwambiri.
Kodi nkhuku zimakhala motalika bwanji, ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chimatsimikizira kutalika kwa moyo wawo
Nkhuku sizikhala zazifupi. Zitsanzo zina zimakhala zaka 10-15, koma ndizokha, osati lamulo. Pogulitsa malonda, mazira a mbalame pafupifupi miyezi 18 amasinthidwa ndi nkhuku zatsopano. Zimatengera nkhuku yaikazi pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti ikhwime ndikuyamba kuikira mazira. Kenako amapanga mazira kwa miyezi 12-14. Pambuyo pake, kuchepa kwa nkhuku kumachepa mwachangu, motero amaphedwa pafupifupi miyezi 18.
Nkhuku zili ndi nyama yoyera (m'mawere) komanso yakuda (miyendo, ntchafu, kumbuyo ndi khosi). Mapikowo amakhala ndi ulusi wowala komanso wakuda.
Amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zazing'onozi zimachokera ku nkhuku zofiira ndi zotuwa zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango za India. Akatswiri a zoo amakhulupirira kuti nkhuku yowetedwa imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi nkhuku yakuda yakutchire chifukwa chachikasu pakhungu lake. Kunja, nkhuku zakutchire ndi zoweta ndizofanana, koma nyama yochokera ku nkhuku zamtchire imapereka pafupifupi theka la nkhuku zaulimi.
Nkhuku zakhala zikuweta zaka zoposa 10,000 zapitazo pomwe amwenye kenako Vietnam adayamba kuweta nkhuku zanyama, nthenga ndi mazira. Kuweta nkhuku akukhulupirira kuti kwafalikira mofulumira ku Asia, Europe ndi Africa, ndikupangitsa nkhuku kukhala nyama yotchuka kwambiri kuposa anthu mpaka pano.
Pali nkhuku zosachepera 25 biliyoni padziko lapansi, mbalame zochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri nkhuku imakula mpaka pafupifupi 40 cm.
Wamphongo wa nkhuku amatchedwa tambala kapena tambala. Wamkazi amatchedwa nkhuku, ndipo tiana tating'onoting'ono tachikasu tomwe timatchedwa nkhuku. Nkhuku zimakhala m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 4 kapena 5, koma zitsanzo zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimaphedwa zikafika chaka chimodzi.
Zomwe nkhuku zimadya m'chilengedwe
Nkhuku ndizomwe zimadya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimadya zosakaniza za nyama ndi nyama. Ngakhale kuti nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimayendetsa miyendo yawo pansi posaka mbewu, zipatso ndi tizilombo, amadziwikanso kuti amadya nyama zazikulu monga abuluzi komanso mbewa.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhuku mwachilengedwe
Nkhuku zimakhala zosavuta kudya nyama zambiri kuphatikizapo nkhandwe, amphaka, agalu, amphaka, njoka, ndi makoswe akuluakulu. Mazira a nkhuku ndi chotupitsa chodziwika bwino cha nyama komanso chimabedwa ndi mitundu ina, kuphatikiza mbalame zazikulu ndi ma weasel.
Utsogoleri wolowerera wa mbalame
Nkhuku ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimakonda kucheza, ndipo zimakondana ndi nkhuku zina. Gulu limodzi lankhuku limatha kukhala ndi nkhuku zingapo, koma tambala mmodzi yekha, yemwe ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Amathamangitsa tambala ena pagululo akakhala okwanira kuti amuopseze. Wamphongo wamkulu ndi amene amagonana naye pa nkhuku zonse.
Ubale pakati pa munthu ndi nkhuku
Kugulitsa nkhuku mwamphamvu kwambiri kumachitika padziko lonse lapansi, komwe amadyetsedwa mokakamizidwa ndikusungidwa m'mafamu ndi nkhuku zina mazana ambiri, nthawi zambiri opanda malo oti aziyenda.
Nkhuku zomwe zimayikira mazira m'makola ang'onoang'ono ndikupha ngati sizikupanganso mazira. Zinthu zomwe nkhuku zimakhalamo ndizonyansa, chifukwa chake okonda nkhuku amayenera kutulutsa nyama zingapo kapena mazira a nkhuku zosayenda.
Kuyambira kulira tambala mpaka zisudzo zokongoletsa
Kuweta koyambirira kwa mbalameyi kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimbana ndi tambala osati chakudya. Kulimbana ndi tambala kunali koletsedwa kumayiko akumadzulo ndipo m'malo mwake kunachitika ziwonetsero za nkhuku m'zaka za zana la 18. Ziwonetsero za nkhuku zidayamba ku America mu 1849. Chidwi pazowonetserazi zawonjezeka, ndipo mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri idapitilirabe, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nkhuku zambiri zomwe zidakalipo Padziko lapansi zidziwike.
Kukusa nkhuku
Nthawi zina nkhuku imakwiririra mazira. M'dziko lino, amatchedwa mwana wankhuku. Amakhala osasunthika pachisa ndikutsutsa ngati asokonezedwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Nkhuku imasiya chisa kukangodya, kumwa, kapena kusamba m'fumbi. Malingana ngati nkhuku ili pachisa, imasinthasintha mazira, imakhala ndi kutentha komanso kutentha nthawi zonse.
Pamapeto pa nthawi yokumasulira, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi masiku 21, mazira (ngati atakhala ndi umuna) adzaswa ndipo nkhuku imayamba kusamalira anapiye. Popeza kuti mazirawo samaswa nthawi imodzi (nkhuku imaikira dzira limodzi pakatha maola 25 kapena kuposerapo), nkhuku yankhuku imakhalabe m'chisa kwa masiku awiri kuchokera pamene anapiye oyamba amaswa. Munthawi imeneyi, nkhuku zazing'ono zimadya dzira yolk, zomwe zimanyemba asanabadwe. Nkhukuyo imamva anapiye akuponya ndi kutembenukira mkati mwa mazira ndipo ikudina bwinobwino chipolopolocho ndi mlomo wake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anapiyewo azitha kugwira ntchito. Ngati mazirawo sanakwezedwe ndi kuthyoka, anawo pamapeto pake amatopa nawo ndipo amachoka pachisa.
Mitundu yamakono ya nkhuku idabadwa popanda chibadwa cha amayi. Samasakaniza mazira, ndipo ngakhale atakhala anapiye, amasiya chisa popanda ngakhale theka la nthawi. Mitundu ya nkhuku zoweta nthawi zonse imaikira mazira ndi ana, imaswa ndi kukhala amayi abwino.
