Mwamunayo waweta akavalo. Chifukwa cha kusankha, mitundu yambiri yatuluka. Mitundu yaubweya kuyambira yoyera mpaka yakuda. Tsitsi lamahatchi limabwera mu mithunzi yofiira, yofiirira komanso yachikaso, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakongoletsa thupi. Akavalo amatambasulidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mawanga olimba. Kukula kwa chinyama kumadalira mtunduwo, kumasiyana makilogalamu 227 mpaka 900, kutalika kuchokera 220 mpaka 280 masentimita komanso kutalika kwa 0.9 mpaka 1.7 mita.
Kufotokozera kavalo
Hatchiyo ili ndi ziboda zozungulira, mchira wautali, tsitsi lalifupi, miyendo yayitali yayitali, thunthu lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu, khosi lolimba lolimba komanso mutu wawukulu wa oblong. Mane ndi gawo laubweya wambiri womwe umafikira mbali yakumbuyo kwa khosi m'zinyama ndi nyama zakutchire. Akavalo akudya msipu. Pofuna kutafuna zomera, zimakhala ndi zotupa m'kamwa mwawo. Chovala chakuda, chachisanu chimayamba mu Seputembara-Okutobala, chokula bwino pofika Disembala. Ubweya wa dzinja umayamba kutulutsa masika, ndipo chilimwe chovala chosalala ndi chopyapyala chimakwirira thupi.
Zina mwakuthupi:
- magazi ofunda;
- ofanana thupi;
- amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana.
Mitundu ya akavalo
Kavalo wamtchire (Equus ferus), kavalo wa Przewalski
Hatchi ya Przewalski
Zocheperako kuposa akavalo ambiri oweta. Wokongola, khosi lalifupi ndi miyendo yayifupi, yomanga. Iris nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira, koma mwa anthu ena imakhala yabuluu. Mane ndi mchira, mosiyana ndi akavalo oweta, molt pachaka. Manewo ndi wakuda kwambiri kufikira wakuda ndipo amayima molunjika popanda mabang'i. Akavalo akunyumba amakhala ndi ma maneti ataliatali, othamanga. Mchira ndi wamfupi, tsitsi limatalikitsa pang'onopang'ono. Mahatchi apakhomo amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali mchira ponseponse. Mphuno ndi yaifupi komanso yayitali, yopepuka, nthawi zambiri yoyera, m'mphepete mwa mphuno mumdima, m'mphepete mwake mwa nsagwada ndi wowongoka. Khungu ili la mitundu iwiri: wowala wachikaso-ofiira-bulauni komanso wotumbululuka-imvi. Mutu ndi khosi ndi zakuda kuposa thupi. Thupi lakumunsi ndilopepuka kuposa mbali. 3-10 mikwingwirima yakuda pamiyendo. Mzere wakuda wakumbuyo ("eel") umayambira pa mane mpaka mchira.
Hatchi yakutchire (Equus ferus caballus)
Hatchi yakuthupi
Ali ndi khosi lalitali ndi miyendo, ziboda zolimba. Kwa zaka zambiri kuswana, anthu apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsitsi ndi ubweya, mitundu yautoto. Mitundu ina yofala kwambiri imvi, imvi yakuda ndipo imakhala yofiirira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Falasi wamoto (Equus caballus)
Hatchi yakutchire
Morphologically ofanana ndi kavalo woweta. Pafupifupi 1-1.6 m kutalika paphewa ndikulemera 350-450 kg. Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana, utoto wa utoto wakuda, bulauni ndi yoyera mpaka yoyera ndi mawanga a lalanje kapena abulauni. Chovalacho ndi chachifupi komanso chopyapyala, mchira ndi wamfupi, pamphumi (chakumbuyo) komanso m'khosi (mane). Nthawi yayitali ya E. caballus ndi zaka 25-30.
Distance Mpongwe-Kiang (Equus kiang)
Kiang
Chovala cha kiang chimakhala chofiira nthawi yachilimwe komanso chofiirira m'nyengo yozizira, matupi am'munsi ndi oyera, sasintha kutengera nyengo. Kiang ndi kutalika kwa phewa masentimita 140 ndipo amalemera pakati pa 250 ndi 440 kg.
Kulan (Equus hemionus)
Kulan
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya akavalo, ili ndi miyendo yayifupi. Mtundu wa thupi umasiyanasiyana ndi nyengo, bulauni bulauni nthawi yotentha, wachikasu bulauni nthawi yachisanu. Ali ndi mzere wakuda wokhala ndi zoyera zomwe zimadutsa pakati kumbuyo. Mdima wakuda wowongoka. Mimba ndi chifuwa ndizoyera, ndizolemba zoyera kumbuyo kwa phewa ndi kutsogolo kwa sacrum. Mphuno ili ndi malo oyera kuzungulira mphuno, milomo ndi yotuwa.
Faroe kavalo waponyoni
Akavalo achi Faro
Amapezeka kuzilumba za Faroe ku North Atlantic. Ili ndi limodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri yamahatchi, yosowa kwambiri, pafupifupi kutha.
Mustang
Akavalo awa ndi mbadwa za ku Spain zotchedwa akavalo aku Iberia, ma mustang ndi mahatchi okhwima, osati akavalo amtchire.
Mitundu yamahatchi
Akavalo amasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo amabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yoposa 350 yamahatchi ndi mahatchi. Amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Mahatchi opepuka okhala ndi mafupa owonda ndi miyendo komanso olemera ochepera 590 kg, monga Thoroughbred, High Pedigree, Morgan ndi mahatchi aku Arabia.
- Mahatchi olemera kapena othamangitsa omwe amalemera makilogalamu 600. Izi ndi mitundu yamphamvu yokhala ndi mafupa akulu ndi miyendo yolimba, mwachitsanzo, Persheronskie, Brabancon, Russian heavy truck (Bityug).
Mitundu yamahatchi amakono imasungidwa kotero kuti nyama zizigwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, ndiye kuti, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito inayake. Mahatchi owala, apamwamba monga mahatchi aku Arabia kapena Akhal-Teke adakwezedwa m'malo owuma mwachangu komanso kupirira kwakukulu mtunda wautali. Hatchi yolemera, monga Belgian, idagawidwa kuti ikoke pulawo ndikuchita ntchito zina pafamuyo.
Mahatchi amitundu yonse amapangidwa ndi anthu kuti athe kusangalatsa ana komanso kukagwira ntchito m'malo ngati migodi kapena komwe kulibe chakudya chokwanira chodyetsera ziweto zazikulu.
Pakati pa izi mopambanitsa, akavalo anali kubadwa kuti achite izi:
- anakoka ngolo kapena ngolo;
- ananyamula ma Knights ovala zovala zolemera;
- nawo mpikisano;
- amasewera m'masewera;
- ankadyetsa nyama zina;
- adanyamula zinthu zolemera.
Akavalo amawonetsa kuthamanga kwa 4 komwe kumatchedwa gaits. Ali:
- kusuntha pang'onopang'ono;
- trot (mwachangu pang'ono kuposa prancing);
- kuthamanga kosavuta (mwachangu kuposa kopitilira muyeso);
- gallop (kavalo wofulumira kwambiri).
Kuthamanga kwa kavalo
Akavalo okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malaya ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Zina mwa mitundu yoyamba ndi iyi:
- bay - kuchokera ku bulauni kofiira mpaka bulauni yakuda ndi mane wakuda, mchira ndi ma shins;
- ofiira - kuchokera ku apurikoti mpaka mtundu wakuda wa mabokosi wopanda wakuda;
- imvi - khungu lakuda, koma wosanganiza wosalala wa tsitsi loyera ndi lakuda;
- wakuda - wakuda kwathunthu;
- bulauni - zofiira zosiyanasiyana ndi tsitsi lofiira;
- chosewera - ubweya wachikaso wofiirira;
- Bulanaya - utoto wonyezimira wagolide;
- piebald - kavalo wamitundu yambiri wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira, abulauni, oyera ndi / kapena akuda.
Hatchi yakuda
Kodi ndi magulu ati omwe oweta mahatchi amatanthauza?
Dzinalo la kavalo limatengera kuti ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, komanso kuti munthuyo ali ndi zaka zingati.
- mbidzi - kavalo wosakwana chaka chimodzi;
- wazaka chimodzi - choyimira chachinyamata chachaka chimodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri;
- stallion - wamwamuna wosakwanitsa zaka zinayi;
- mare - kavalo wamkazi mpaka zaka zinayi;
- wamwamuna wamwamuna - wamwamuna wazaka zopitilira zinayi yemwe sali gelding;
- wamwamuna - wamwamuna wofulidwa;
- mare - wamkazi wazaka zopitilira zinayi.
Kumakhala mahatchi
Makolo akale a akavalo ankakhala kumpoto kwa Africa, kudera lonse la Europe ndi Asia. Kumapeto kwa Ice Age, amakhala ku North America, koma adazimiririka pafupifupi zaka 8,000 - 10,000 zapitazo. Mahatchi apakhomo pano amakhala pafupi ndi anthu.
Ndi malo ati omwe mahatchi amafunikira
Akavalo amasinthasintha kumadera osiyanasiyana panthawi yoweta. Malo okondedwa ndi malo ozizira bwino, odyetserako ziweto, ma steppes ndi savanna, koma nyama zimakhalanso m'zipululu, pakati pa madambo ndi nkhalango.
Momwe akavalo amabalira
Amuna amadyetsa pafupi ndi akazi m'nyengo yokhwima, kuteteza ana amphongo kuchokera kwa amuna ena omwe amayesera kukwera ndi akazi a ng'ombe. Amuna amamenya nkhondo ndi ziboda ndi ziboda.
Kuyanjana
Akavalo amaswana m'nyengo yotentha ya chilimwe. Mimba imatenga masiku 287 mpaka 419, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kubereka kumachitika mchaka kapena kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa. Nthawi zambiri mwana wamphongo mmodzi amabadwa, amapasa amakhala ochepa.
Kubadwa kumachitika usiku komanso m'malo abata. Matenda amawoneka atakula. Amadzuka patangotha ola limodzi atabadwa ndipo amaimirira pamapazi patatha maola anayi kapena asanu, kutsatira amayi awo. M'mwezi woyamba, mwana wake amakhala ndi mayi ake. M'mwezi wachiwiri, amapeza chakudya pawokha ndipo kuyambitsa kuyamwa kumayambira, komwe kumatengera zaka ziwiri mu mbidzi zakutchire. Pamahatchi owetedwa, ana aang'ono amachotsedwa kwa amayi awo ali ndi zaka 4 mpaka 6.
Achibwana amayenda okha atangobadwa, koma amafunikira thandizo. Achinyamata amadalira amayi awo ndi ziweto zawo kuti adziteteze kwa adani komanso kuti apeze chakudya mpaka atadzipezera chakudya. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti akavalo amtchire amasiya ziweto zomwe anabadwira ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kodi mahatchi amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Utali wamoyo umadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mitundu ndi chilengedwe. Monga ulamuliro, akavalo zoweta amakhala zaka 25 mpaka 30, mbiri pazipita - zaka 61. Kavalo wokhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri m'chilengedwe adalembetsedwa ndi akatswiri a zoo mu 1974, anali ndi zaka 36. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kutalika kwa moyo ndi monga:
- zakudya;
- ntchito yomwe nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe oswana;
- udindo wobereka;
- matenda akale;
- mano;
- zolimbitsa thupi.
Momwe ziweto zimakhalira
Akavalo ndiwo nyama zakutchire. M'madera amtchire kapena amtchire, amapanga gulu lankhosa. Gululo limaphatikizapo maresi 26, mahatchi 5 ndi ana azaka zosiyana. Gulu la mahatchi limakhala ndiulamuliro woyenda bwino, wolamulidwa ndi alpha amuna. Amateteza gululi kwa adani ndi amuna ampikisano nthawi zambiri.
Akavalo amagwira ntchito munthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku, kutengera nyengo. Kutentha kumadya msana m'mawa kapena madzulo, kupewa kutentha kwapakati masana. Akavalo amagona m'magulu masana, tulo sikumatha maola awiri. Nyama sizimagona pansi kwa ola limodzi ndikugona zitaimirira.
Gulu la akavalo
Momwe amalankhulirana
Mwa akavalo, mphuno ndi masaya zimakhala ndi zotumphukira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira chilengedwe kudzera pakukhudza. Masomphenya ndiye njira yoyamba yopezera zambiri. Makutuwo ndi ataliatali komanso owongoka, omwe amalimbikitsa kuzindikira kwamakutu. Ngakhale kuti kununkhira ndikofunikira, si chiwalo choyambirira chomwe chimagwira gawo locheperako kuposa masomphenya kapena zotengera zamphuno kapena masaya.
Akavalo amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kudzera mukulankhula ndi mawu. Mamembala a gulu lake amaseka, kuluma, kukankhana ndi kukankha wina ndi mnzake kuti akhazikitse kapena kulimbitsa dongosolo, kuti awonetse ulamuliro.
Akavalo ali ndi manja osiyanasiyana. Zochita zabwino zimaphatikizapo kukweza milomo, yomwe imawulula mano akumwamba, ofanana ndi kumwetulira, kupendeketsa mutu, kapena kuloza makutu patsogolo ndi m'mwamba. Manja akumaso aukali amaphatikizapo makutu obwezeretsedwa ndi mano owonekera omwe ali ndi mphuno zotseka.
Ndi akavalo ati omwe amadya
Akavalo ndi zitsamba zomwe zimadya udzu ndi zomera zina. Zakudya zopangira mahatchi zimathandizidwa ndi mbewu monga oats, fulakesi ndi balere. Kuwonjezera pa udzu ndi masamba, akavalo amadyanso nkhuni, makungwa, zimayambira, mbewu, tirigu, ndi mtedza.
Omenyera akavalo ndi njira zawo zopulumukira m'chilengedwe
Nyama zolusa zomwe zimasaka akavalo amtchire: mimbulu, mphalapala ndi mikango. Nyama zolusa zimapha nyama zakale, zodwala kapena zazing'ono. Ng'ombezo zikawopsezedwa ndi chilombo china, yamphongo ya alpha imayiukira, imaluma ndikumenya ndi ziboda zake. Akazi amatetezanso ana chimodzimodzi. Anthu ndi olusa, amasaka mahatchi, mbiri yakale komanso lero.
Kodi mahatchi amatenga gawo lanji pachilengedwe
Kuletsa akavalo:
- adathandizira kukulitsa magulu azaulimi;
- anasintha mayendedwe;
- zidakhudza ubale pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu.
Monga nyama zodyetserako ziweto, mahatchi amakhudza kusiyanasiyana ndi kapangidwe kazachilengedwe. M'malo ena, akavalo amafalitsa mbewu za zomerazo.
Momwe akavalo amalumikizirana ndi anthu
Akavalo ndiofunikira pachuma kwa anthu tsopano komanso m'mbiri. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la chakudya, kunyamula anthu ndi katundu, adagwira nawo nawo ntchito zankhondo, zamasewera ndi zosangalatsa, pakukula kwa ulimi. Mahatchi ndi ziweto zomwe amakonda ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi kuthandiza odwala.
Muulimi, akavalo amatuta mbewu, kulima minda ndi minda ya zipatso, ndipo manyowa ndi feteleza wofunikira. Horsehair imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi akavalo ali pangozi?
Pali mahatchi ambiri owetedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Achibale awo apamtima, akavalo amtchire a Przewalski, adatchulidwa kuti "ali pangozi" mu Red Book.
