Masamba ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomera zambiri. Chifukwa cha iwo, madzi amayenda kudzera mumitengo, kutembenuka kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yakukula komanso kuyeretsa kwa mpweya wozungulira. Masamba ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana azamasamba potengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Chimango cha nkhaniyi, tikambirana zazikuluzikulu.
Tsamba ndi chiyani?
Tsamba ndi kunja kwa chomeracho ndipo limayang'anira photosynthesis, madzi amatuluka, komanso kusinthana kwa mpweya pakati pa chomeracho ndi chilengedwe. Amapezeka mumitengo yambiri, kuyambira udzu wosaoneka bwino mpaka mitengo ikuluikulu. Pa mawu oti "tsamba," malingaliro nthawi yomweyo amakoka tsamba lakale, ngati birch. Komabe, pali kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwamapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake, zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana.
Mitundu yayikulu yamasamba
Masamba osavuta a masamba azomera amatengera mawonekedwe ake. Malinga ndi iye, pali njira ngati masamba (mwachitsanzo, ferns), masamba a maluwa (mawonekedwe achikale okhala ndi petiole ndi tsamba la tsamba), masingano ndi masamba okutira (odziwika bwino azitsamba).
Mitundu yomwe imadziwika ndi malo pa tsinde
Kusintha kosinthika kapena kotsatizana kumatanthauza kuti masamba amayamba kukula pa tsinde, imodzi pamfundo iliyonse. Mawu oti "mfundo" amatanthauza malo pachitsinde omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tsamba latsopano.
Dongosolo lotsutsana limatanthauza kuti masamba awiri amakula pamfundo iliyonse ya nthambi kapena tsinde. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, mfundo iliyonse ikazungulira imasinthidwa madigiri 90 poyerekeza ndi yapita.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa masamba kwa Rosette kumatanthauza kuti amakhala pamalo omwewo kutalika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kunena zoona, masamba onse a chomera choterocho amakula kuchokera pamtengo umodzi (mizu) ndikupanga chitsamba chokongola.
Palinso dongosolo loyendetsa bwino. Chimawoneka ngati chosiyana, koma chili ndi masamba atatu pa mfundo iliyonse. Poterepa, ma node amatchedwa whorls ndipo amathanso kusinthidwa motsatizana madigiri 90.
Gulu ndi mtundu wa masamba
Gulu ili limadalira kuchuluka ndi magawidwe a masamba akukula pamitundu imodzi, kapena kuchokera pamfundo imodzi ya thunthu (thunthu). Chifukwa chake, mtundu wosavuta kwambiri ndi pepala losavuta. Amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa tsamba limodzi lokha la tsamba ndi petiole imodzi. Mbaleyo ndiye pamwamba pa pepalalo, ndiye kuti, "chinsalu" chake chokhala ndi mitsempha. Mu tsamba losavuta, limatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse, koma odulidwawo samafika petiole. Masamba amtundu wosavuta nthawi zonse amagwa ndi petiole, osasiya chilichonse pamtengo.
Mtundu wotsatira ndi pepala lophatikizana. Apa, masamba angapo amamangiriridwa ku petiole imodzi nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wa iwo atha kukhala ndi petiole yake yowonjezera.
Mitundu yamasamba molingana ndi mawonekedwe ake
Magulu a mawonekedwe a tsamba ndiochulukirapo. Kupatula apo, pali masamba ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Mndandandawu muli mayina opitilira 30, lililonse limafotokoza mawonekedwe ake. Sitilemba mndandanda wa onsewo, tidzangonena zazofala kwambiri.
Mwina mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri mgululi ndi chithokomiro. Mwachitsanzo, birch ili ndi masamba amtunduwu. Amawoneka ngati chishango chaching'ono komabe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achikale a masamba. Palinso zachilendo, monga "mtima wobwerera". Mtundu uwu uli ndi mawonekedwe amtima wopingasa, wokhala ndi kumapeto kwakuthwa, koyandikira pafupi ndi petiole.
Masamba otsekedwa amakhalanso osangalatsa. Mtundu uwu umapezeka nthawi zambiri mu udzu wakumunda komanso maluwa ambiri. Mtundu "wodulidwa kwambiri" amadziwika kwa aliyense kuyambira ali mwana - dandelion ili ndi masamba amtunduwu.
Kusintha kosasunthika kwa tsamba
Pakusintha, masamba amitengo ndi zomera asintha mosiyanasiyana. Mwa oimira ambiri amaluwa, sanayambitse kusintha kwakukulu, komabe, masamba a mbewu zina adayamba kugwira ntchito zina.
Kutchera masamba
Mwina odziwika bwino kwambiri ndikutchera masamba. Amapezeka pazomera zolusa zomwe zimadya tizilombo. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi ndi sundew kapena Venus flytrap. Ntchito yayikulu yatsamba lotere ndikugwira tizilombo, kuwonetsetsa kuti timasungidwa, ndikuzigaya mothandizidwa ndi michere yapadera. Njira yolandirira ndiyosiyana: nthawi zina, tsamba limatulutsa msuzi womata (sundew), mwa ena limatseka mwadzidzidzi (Venus flytrap), lachitatu, ma valavu apadera okhala ndi mavavu (pemphigus) amatha.
Masamba okoma
Tsambali limapangidwa kuti lipange malo osungira madzi. Chomera chodziwika bwino chomwe ali nacho ndi aloe. Zonenepa komanso zokhala ndi mnofu, zimakhala ndi chinyezi chochuluka mkati, chifukwa maluwa amenewa amakula m'madera ouma opanda mvula yambiri.
Masamba a baggy
Mtundu uwu umasunganso madzi, koma izi sizitero chifukwa cha zamkati, koma pogwiritsa ntchito faneli. Ngalandeyi imapangidwa ndi tsamba lomwe, lomwe limapindika mwapadera ndikusunga madzi amvula omwe amapezeka.
Minga
Podziteteza, masamba a zomera zina asanduka minga. Amatha kukhala tsamba losinthidwa la tsamba, lolimba komanso losongoka, kapena amatha kupanga kuchokera ku mphukira.
Masharubu
Masamba a masharubu amapezeka pazomera zokwawa zomwe zimafunikira kuthandizidwa. Ndizowonjezera zigawo zakumtunda zamasamba wamba ngati njira yayitali, yopindika. Amamamatira kuzinthu zowazungulira, kotero kuti chomeracho chikuwazungulira. Tsamba lamtunduwu limapezeka mu nandolo wamba, nkhaka, ndi maungu.
Phillodies
Phillodies ndi nkhani yapadera pakusintha kwa petiole. Petiole wotereyu amafanana ndi tsamba ndipo amatha kupanga photosynthesis. Poterepa, pepala lenileni lomwe lili patali limakhala ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komanso kowonongeka.
Mabulogu
Masamba amtunduwu amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo ozungulira kapena ozungulira, nthawi zambiri popanga fanulo yaying'ono. Mu kupsinjika kopangidwa, monga lamulo, pali masamba amtundu wina kapena inflorescence.
