Kalelo, Agiriki akale amalemekeza mulungu wamkazi wa mwezi - Selena ("kuwala, kunyezimira"). Amakhulupirira kuti mlongo uyu wa Dzuwa ndi Dawn (Helios ndi Eos) amalamulira usiku, akulamulira padziko lapansi lamdima wodabwitsa. Amachita mwinjiro wasiliva, akumwetulira modabwitsa pankhope yake yotumbululuka komanso yokongola.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pakatikati pa nyanja pali nsomba, yomwe idatchedwa selenium chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Timazidziwanso ngati nsomba wosanza, kuchokera ku nsomba zapamadzi zowotchera m'madzi za mbalame za mackerel. Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa chifukwa chake amatchedwa selenium, komwe amakhala komanso zosangalatsa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Thupi lalitali la nsomba yachilendo, yolandidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera m'mbali, likuwonekera nthawi yomweyo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapezeka mwa anthu omwe amakhala pansi pamadzi. Kuthamanga kwamadzi kumakhala kwakukulu kumeneko, motero zolengedwa zamoyo zimasinthasintha, zimatenga mitundu yosiyana modabwitsa. Kukula kwake kumakhala pakati pa 24 mpaka 90 cm, kutengera mitundu. Kulemera kwapakati pa 1 kg mpaka 4.6 kg.
Ngati tilingalira za nsomba masanzi pachithunzicho, kukuwoneka kuti fupa lake lakumaso limapanga mbali yolondola, ndikulowa nsagwada. Mutu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osalala, umawoneka waukulu. Ndi kotala la kukula kwa thupi lonse. Kumbuyo kuli kowongoka, mzere wam'mimba ndi wakuthwa, zonsezi sizimasiyana kutalika.
Amathamangira mchira msanga, womwe umayamba pambuyo pa mlatho wawung'ono ndipo ndi chowoneka bwino chofanana ndi V. Chomaliza choyamba kumbuyo chimakhala ndi mafupa 8 akuthwa omwe adakonzedwa kukula. Pambuyo pake pamabwera masokosi mpaka kumchira ngati kansalu kakang'ono. Zipsepse za kumatako ndizochepa m'mitundu yambiri.
Nsagwada zakumunsi zimapinda mopeputsa. Kutsegula pakamwa kumatsatira mzere wa oblique. Maso a nsombazi ndi ozungulira, ndi nthiti zasiliva. Komabe, sikuti zimangothandiza zamoyozi kuyenda mumlengalenga.
Pamatupi athu onse, ali ndi ziwalo zokoma ndi zogwira, zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira nyama, zopinga ndi adani. Ntchito zawo zokha ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zizikhala mokwanira.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe owoneka ngati disc, nsombayo ndiyofanana ndi mwezi wokhala ndi thupi lowala. Kumbuyo kwake, mtunduwo umatenga ngale yabuluu kapena kamvekedwe kakang'ono kobiriwira. Zipsepsezo ndizoyera.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa, seleniums amasiyana ndi nsomba zina kuthekera kwawo kupanga mamvekedwe ofanana ndi kung'ung'udza, bata, koma chodabwitsa kwambiri. Amalumikizana nawo mkati mwa paketi kapena kuyesa kuwopseza adani.
Mitundu
Tsopano titha kuyankhula za mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mackerel yamahatchi. Anayi mwa iwo amakhala ku Atlantic, atatu m'madzi a Pacific. Zomalizazi zilibe mamba, kuwonjezera apo, zipsepse zawo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono, makamaka mu nsomba zazing'ono.
Anthu okhala m'madzi a Atlantic ndi akulu kuposa abale awo. Onse okhala m'madzi amatchedwa "selenium" - mwezi, koma sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mwezi weniweni wa nsomba, wotchedwa Mola mola.
Ganizirani mitundu ya selenium (masanza).
- Selena Wolemba (Selene mwanjali) Ndi wokhala m'madzi a Pacific, kuyambira Mexico mpaka Ecuador. Makulidwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 38-42. Amatchulidwa motero polemekeza katswiri wazachilengedwe waku America, wokhometsa komanso wowerengera manambala J. Carson Brevoort (1817-1887) chifukwa chofuna chidwi chake mwa omwe ali m'banja la mackerel. Zimakhala ngati malonda am'deralo.
- Chitsanzo chaching'ono kwambiri cha selenium chitha kutchedwa Caribbean nsombazi (Selene brownie). Kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 23-24. Amakhala m'madzi a Atlantic, kuchokera pagombe la Mexico mpaka Brazil. Kukhazikika sikudziwika, kulibe nsomba zenizeni. Dzina alireza (bulauni) adakhala ndi bulauni yakuda kumbuyo ndi pamimba.
- African Selene - Selene dorsalis... Anakhazikika kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Mediterranean, kufalikira kuchokera kugombe la Portugal mpaka kumwera kwa Africa. Nthawi zambiri amasambira kukamwa ndi mitsinje. Kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 37-40 cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.5 kg.
- Selenium waku Mexico (Selene orstedii) ndizofala pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Pacific ku America, kuyambira Mexico mpaka Colombia. Kukula kwa thupi kumafikira masentimita 33. Pamodzi ndi selenium, Brevoort ndichosiyana pakati pa anthu ena - sizimachepetsa (sizigwirizana) kunyezimira kwakutali akamakalamba.
- Selenium ya ku Peru (Selene peruviana) - nsomba imatha kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 40 kukula, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imakula mpaka masentimita 29. Anthu okhala ku Pacific okhala m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa America, kuyambira kumwera kwa California mpaka ku Peru.
- Selenium Kumadzulo kwa Atlantic (Selene setapinnis) - amagawidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja yakumadzulo kwa Atlantic ku America, kuchokera ku Canada mpaka Argentina. Amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa onse - amakula mpaka 60 cm, mpaka 4,6 kg. Nsombazi zimatha kutchedwa chitsulo, ndizowona. Zipsepse zakuthambo zimakhala ndi zakuda zakuda, zimawoneka ngati burashi yachitsulo, kutsimikizira dzina la mitunduyo: magwire (bristle kumapeto). Mchira uli ndi kulocha wachikaso. Nthawi zambiri amakonda madzi otentha, kuya kwawo komwe amakonda - mpaka mamita 55. Ngakhale achinyamata amakonda malo akuda komanso amchere.
- Selena wosanza — selenium wamba, mitundu ya mayina. Izi masanza amapezeka m'madzi akumadzulo a Atlantic, kunyanja ya Canada ndi Uruguay. Imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 2.1 yokhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 47-48. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala otalika masentimita 35. Minyezi yoyamba yam'mbali yam'mbali ndi yam'mbali imakhala yolimba kwambiri, koma osati yofananira, koma yolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yomaliza. Mafupa ake akulu akutsogolo adatcha dzinalo, wosanza - "fupa lokhazikika". Dye guanine, yomwe imapezeka pakhungu la nsombayo ndikuyipatsa mtundu wosalala, imanyezimira kotero kuti cheza chikamagunda kuchokera mbali, chimapeza mitundu yonse yamitundumitundu. Nyanja yomwe amakonda kwambiri mpaka 60 m.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Pogwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe amtunduwu, titha kunena mwachidule masanzi amakhala kokha m'madzi akum'mawa kwa Pacific ndi alumali (shelufu yanyanja) Nyanja ya Atlantic. Amadziwika bwino pagombe la Western Europe ndi North America.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ake, selenium ndiyofanana ndi mwezi wokhala ndi moyo usiku. Nsombazo zimayamba kuwonetsa dzuwa litalowa. Masana, amabisala pafupi ndi miyala kapena malo okhala pansi. Amakhala m'magulu. M'mbali mwa madzi, mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala munyanja, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi pansi. Mwabwino komanso mwamphamvu, nsombazi zimapita kusukulu kufunafuna chakudya.
Voomers amatha kudzibisa okha. Mukuwala kwina, zimawoneka ngati zowonekera, osawoneka m'madzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha khungu losazolowereka komanso mpumulo wa nsombazo. Asayansi aku Texas adachita kafukufuku pokonza kamera m'madzi pa katatu.
Kunapezeka kuti ngati nsomba ili pa ngodya ya madigiri 45 nyama, ndiye mbisoweka iye, amakhala wosaoneka. Achinyamata amasunga madzi amchere pang'ono pafupi ndi gombe. Amatha kulowa mkatikati mwa mitsinje, ndikukhala nyama yabwino kwa asodzi. Nsomba zazikulu zodziwa zambiri zimayenda mpaka theka la kilomita kuchokera pagombe. Amakonda pansi pamatope ndi mchenga wambiri, zoterezi ndizabwino kukhalapo kwawo.
Zakudya zabwino
Vomer nsomba usiku ndi nyama zolusa. Amatenga kwambiri zakudya zamapuloteni, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pakati pa ndere ndi zinyalala zazomera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake seleniums amakonda matope apansi. Nsomba zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zimapeza chakudya m'malo amenewa. Kuyambira kufunafuna chakudya, seleniums amasula mchenga wofewa pansi.
Chakudya chachikulu cha iwo ndi alirezatalischi - chinthu chopangidwa ndi ndere zazing'ono zomwe zimayenda mosalamulirika m'madzi. Ichi ndiye nyama yosavuta nsomba. Akamakula, chakudyacho chimakula - nkhanu ndi nkhanu, omwe nyama yawo ndi nyama yolakalakika, chifukwa imakhala yotsekemera komanso yopatsa thanzi.
Sigulugufe ting'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi amadyanso. Kuphatikiza apo, masanzi amatha kuphwanya zipolopolo zina momwe nkhono zimabisala m'fumbi ndi mano olimba. Nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zangobadwa kumene ndipo sizikudziwa momwe zingayendere ndi kubisalanso ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri mbalame zotchedwa mackerel. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimapita kukasaka nyama, pamodzi ndi abale. Zakudyazo zimatsatiridwa ndi momwe moyo umakhalira.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Feteleza imachitika mofanana ndi nsomba zina - kutulutsa umuna ndi mazira achikazi. Kuberekana kumachitika makamaka mchilimwe. Mackerel wamahatchi, makamaka selenium, ndi achonde kwambiri. Anthu akulu kwambiri amatha kupanga mazira miliyoni kapena kupitilira apo.
Nsomba zimaberekera m'dera lawo, ndipo zimayandama mpaka kutuluka m'madzi. Palibe amene amawateteza. Zonse zazimuna komanso koposa choncho zimasambira mopitirira osayima. Kuperewera kwa chibadwa cha amayi kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zamoyo.
Zikatero, okhwima mwauzimu ndiwo amapulumuka. Ikaswa, mphutsi zing'onozing'ono zimadya pa plankton. Vuto lawo lalikulu ndikubisala kuzinyama zambiri. Izi ndi zomwe akatswiri obisala amachita bwino.
Pakadali pano, amadziwika kuti nsomba zamasanza zimatha kukhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Komabe, kutalika kwa moyo kumadalira kwambiri momwe zinthu zilili. Zowonadi zake, nawonso, amasakidwa ndi zilombo zazikuluzikulu, kuphatikiza zazikulu - nsombazi, anamgumi, anamgumi opha. Ndiwo okhawo abwino kwambiri omwe amapeza nyama zokoma, chifukwa selenium, monga tanena kale, amabisala mwachangu komanso mwaluso.
Ndipo choopsa chachikulu kwa nsomba ndi anthu. Kutchera mopambanitsa, komanso kuipitsa madzi komwe kumalepheretsa osanza kubwereranso kubereka, zonse zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa manambala.
Pafupifupi 80% ya mwachangu samapulumuka konse. M'mikhalidwe yopangidwa mwaluso, yoyang'aniridwa bwino ndi anthu, nsomba zimapulumuka pakutha zaka 10. Mwa njira, a mola mola (nsomba yamwezi) amatha kukhala zaka 100.
Kugwira
Kugwira masanzi zimachitika makamaka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Atlantic. Koma, nawonso, akuyesera kuchepetsa kuwedza nsomba zodabwitsa. Simungathe kugwira matani opitilira 20-30 pachaka. Kwenikweni, kukongola uku ndiye chandamale chausodzi wamasewera. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira pano kuti mbalame zoterezi zimasunga pansi ndipo zimagwira ntchito usiku.
Zochita zonse zamasewera ndi ndodo zophera nsomba zimachitika madzulo. Madzulo ndi m'mawa, amasodza pansi ndi trawls kapena seines. Chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndikusodza selenium ya ku Peru, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi magombe a Ecuador.
Nsomba zakhala zotsogola posachedwa, makamaka kum'mawa kwa Europe, ndipo kufunika kwake kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, chiwerengerocho chidayamba kuchepa kwambiri. Akuluakulu m'maiko ambiri nthawi ndi nthawi amaletsa asodzi.
Selenium yochokera kunyanja ya Pacific imakonda nyama yabwino, yolimba komanso yofewa. Amaweta bwino m'mafamu ndi m'malo osungira ana apadera. Pachifukwa ichi ndikofunikira: kutsatira kayendedwe ka kutentha ndi kupezeka kwa matope pansi. Chifukwa cha kulima kwachinyengo kukula kwa masanzi imangofika masentimita 15-20 okha.
Mtengo
Zachidziwikire, nkovuta kulingalira momwe chidwi chotere chitha kudyedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa kuti siomwe akuyimira nsombazi amadya. Komabe, okonda masewera ambiri atuluka, ndipo masanza akuwongoleredwa kwambiri m'malesitilanti. Nyama ya Moonfish imatha kuumitsidwa, yokazinga, kusuta, ndiyosangalatsa mwanjira iliyonse.
Mtengo wake wathanzi umakhalanso wokongola. Amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya, popeza mulibe mafuta opitilira 3%. Koma ili ndi phosphorous, calcium ndi mapuloteni ambiri othandiza. Ndipo ndizokoma. Anthu okhala ku South Africa, America ndi Far East amakonda kwambiri mbale za selenium.
Ndipo m'maiko omwe kale anali CIS, magawo a masanzi amagulitsidwa mosangalala ndi mowa. Idawonekeranso m'mashelufu. Maonekedwe osakhala ofanana komanso kusowa kwapafupi zimakhudza kufunikira kwa moyo wam'madzi. Pafupifupi 1 kg ya nsomba yachisanu imagula ma ruble 350, ndipo 1 kg ya nsomba yosuta itha kugulidwa ma ruble 450 (kuyambira Disembala 2019).
