Madambo osatha a ku Africa, komwe kumakhala zinyama zambiri zazikuluzikulu, amakhalanso kwawo Scarab kachilomboka... Mwinanso ku Africa, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi silinakulitsidwepo milu ikuluikulu chifukwa cha ndowe, pakati pawo kafadala kali ndi malo olemekezeka kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Scarab kachilomboka
Akatswiri ofufuza tizilombo amalongosola kachilomboka ngati kachilomboka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koleoptera, ndi banja la lamellar. Banja ili limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a ndevu, zomwe zimatha kutseguka nthawi ndi nthawi ngati zimakupiza, zopangidwa ndi mbale zoyenda zosunthika.
Video: Scarab kachilomboka
Pakadali pano, sayansi imadziwa opitilira zana amtunduwu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapiri ouma, m'chipululu, m'chipululu, m'chipululu. Mitundu yambiri ya scarab imapezeka kokha m'malo otentha a kontinenti ya Africa. Dera lotchedwa Palaearctic, lophimba kumpoto kwa Africa, Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Asia, kuli mitundu pafupifupi 20.
Kutalika kwa thupi la kachilomboka kumatha kuyambira 9 mpaka 40 mm. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ndi utoto wakuda wa chitinous wosanjikiza, womwe umawala kwambiri akamakalamba.Nthawi zina mumatha kupeza tizilombo tokhala ndi chitini cha utoto wonyezimira, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Amuna amasiyana ndi akazi osati amtundu ndi kukula, koma m'miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe ili ndi mphonje zagolide mkati.
Kwa zikumbu zonse, zomera pamiyendo ndi pamimba ndizodziwika bwino, komanso kupezeka kwa mano anayi kutsogolo kwa miyendo, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga ndikupanga mipira kuchokera ku manyowa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe kachilomboka kamaonekera
Thupi la kachilomboka kali ndi mawonekedwe ofukula, ozungulira pang'ono, okutidwa kwathunthu ndi chotumphuka. Exoskeleton ndi chimbale cholimba kwambiri komanso cholimba, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ngati zida zoteteza thupi la kachilomboka ku zovulala zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mtundu wa zomwe zachitika. Mutu wa kachilomboka ndi wamfupi komanso wotakata ndi mano asanu ndi limodzi akutsogolo.
Prototum m'kachilomboka ndiyotakanso komanso yayifupi, yosalala, yosavuta mawonekedwe, ili ndi mawonekedwe a granular ndi mano ambiri ang'onoang'ono ofananira nawo. Elytra yolimba ya kachilomboka ndi yochulukirapo kuwirikiza kuposa pronotum, ili ndi mizere isanu ndi umodzi yopanda kutalika, komanso mawonekedwe ofanana osagwirizana.
Mimba yakumbuyo imazungulira ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, yokutidwa ndi masamba ochepa ngati tsitsi lakuda. Tsitsi lomwelo limapezeka pamagawo atatu onse a tarsi. Miyendo yakutsogolo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kafadala kukumba nthaka ndi manyowa. Poyerekeza ndi ma tarsi ena onse, amawoneka olimba, olimba kwambiri, okulirapo ndipo ali ndi mano akunja anayi, ena omwe ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono m'munsi mwake. Miyendo yapakati ndi yakumbuyo imawoneka yayitali, yopyapyala, yokhota komanso imathandiza tizilombo kupanga mipira ya manyowa ndikuwatengera komwe amapita.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mipira ya ndowe yopangidwa ndi kachilomboka imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuposa tizilombo.
Kodi kachilomboka kamakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chikumbu cha Scarab ku Egypt
Mwachikhalidwe, amakhulupirira kuti mbozi zimakhazikika ku Egypt, komwe akhala akulemekezedwa kwanthawi yayitali ndikukhala pafupifupi gulu lachipembedzo, koma malo okhala tizilombo ndi ochulukirapo. Scarab imapezeka pafupifupi ku Africa konse, ku Europe (kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa dzikolo, kumwera kwa Russia, Dagestan, Georgia, France, Greece, Turkey), ku Asia komanso ku chilumba cha Crimea.
Nthawi zambiri, kachilomboka kamakonda nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha ndi nyengo yayifupi komanso yofatsa, yomwe imapezeka kumadera omwe ali pamwambapa, komanso kunyanja yakuda ndi Mediterranean. Nyongolotsi zimakonda kukhala panthaka ya mchenga m'mapululu, madera ouma, zipululu komanso zipululu, pomwe amayesetsa kupewa malo amchere.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti kafadala amakhala pachilumba cha Crimea, koma mwina, chifukwa chamchere wamadera akulu amderali, ndiocheperako poyerekeza ndi abale awo aku Egypt.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zaka zoposa 20 zapitazo akatswiri ofufuza tizilombo tina anayesera kupeza zinthu zina ku Australia, koma zoyesayesazo sizinapambane. Zikuwoneka kuti ku kontrakitala iyi Amayi Achilengedwe sanasowepo dongosolo. Ndipo nzosadabwitsa kuti Australia yakhala yotchuka nthawi zonse osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyama, koma chifukwa cha kusazolowereka, makamaka popeza gawo lonselo lili m'chipululu chouma komwe mumakhala nyama zochepa.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kachilomboka kamapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kachilomboka kamadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Scarab kachilomboka m'chilengedwe
Mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimadyetsa manyowa atsopano a mammalian, chifukwa chake adapeza bwino zachilengedwe kapena zotengera. Chifukwa cha zomwe adawona, zidadziwika kuti mbozi zikwi 3-4 zikhoza kuwulukira pamulu umodzi wa ndowe. Manyowa ayenera kukhala atsopano, chifukwa ndikosavuta kupanga mipira kuchokera pamenepo. Kafadala amapanga mipira ya ndowe m'njira yosangalatsa: mothandizidwa ndi mano pamutu ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, yoluka ngati fosholo. Mukamapanga mpira, kachidutswa kakang'ono kozungulira kozungulira kamatengedwa ngati maziko. Atakhala pamwamba pa chidutswachi, kachilomboka nthawi zambiri kamasunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana, kulekanitsa manyowa omwe amazungulira ndi mutu wake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zikhomo zakutsogolo zimanyamula manyowa awa, ndikubwera nawo ku mpira ndikuwakanikizira kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana mpaka atapeza mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake ...
Tizilombo tibisa mipira yomwe idapangidwa m'makona obisika ndipo, pofunafuna malo oyenera, timatha kuyigudubuza mamitala makumi angapo, ndipo pomwe kachilomboka kamachoka pamuluwo, pamafunika kuthamanga kwambiri. Ngati chovalacho chimasokonezedwa modzidzimutsa kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti mpirawo ukhoza kunyamulidwa mopanda mantha ndi abale ena ambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ndewu yayikulu imapangidwira mipira ya manyowa, ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala ofunsira ambiri kuposa eni ake.
Atapeza malo oyenera, kachilomboka kakumba dzenje pansi pa mpirawo, nkukagudubuza pamenepo, nkukauika m'manda ndikukhala moyandikira nyama yake mpaka akaudyetse. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu ingapo kapena kupitilira apo. Chakudya chitatha, kachilomboka amapitanso kukafunafuna chakudya ndipo chilichonse chimayambiranso.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Sayansi yatsimikiziridwa kuti kulibe kachilombo kodya nyama.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chikumbu chachikulu
Kachilomboka kamaonedwa kuti ndi kachilombo koopsa komanso kolimbikira kwambiri, kotha kusuntha kulemera kwake maulendo 90. Ali ndi luso lapadera lachilengedwe - amapanga kuchokera ku manyowa pafupifupi mawonekedwe azithunzi - gawo. Mutha kuwona malo okhala kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka Okutobala. Ntchentche zimagwira masana, ndipo usiku, ngati sizitentha kwambiri, zimaboola pansi. Pakatentha kwambiri masana, tizilombo timayamba kuyenda usiku.
Nyongolotsi zimauluka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake, posonkhana m'magulu akulu, zimayendayenda mozungulira zikutsatira gulu la nyama zikuluzikulu zam'maluwa. Scarabs imatha kumva kununkhira kwa manyowa atsopano kuchokera makilomita angapo kutali. Scarab idatchedwa mwadongosolo dothi lamchenga pazifukwa, chifukwa pafupifupi moyo wake wonse umalumikizidwa ndi manyowa. Nkhutu zikwizikwi zimatha kukonza zinyalala zazinyama pasanathe ola limodzi kuti ziwume.
Mipira ya ndowe imakulungidwa ndi kafadala patali mamitala makumi angapo kuchokera pamuluwo kupita pamalo amithunzi, pomwe amaikidwa m'manda ndikudya mkati mwa milungu ingapo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano yoopsa pakati pa nyongolotsi za mipira yokonzedwa bwino. Mipira ikayamba, mabanja "okwatirana" amapangidwa. M'madera otentha, kumene kumakhala kuzizira, tizilomboti sitimangobisala, koma timadikirira chisanu, ndikupanga nkhokwe pasadakhale, kubisala mumitsinje yakuya ndikukhalabe achangu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chikumbu cha ku Egypt
Mwakutero, nyengo yokwatirana sikupezeka paziphuphu. Chikumbu chimagwilizana ndi kuikira mazira nthawi zonse pamene chikugwira ntchito. Ndipo amadzipeza okha ngati awiri akugwira ntchito. Scarab kafadala amakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Tizilombo tating'ono timakolola mipira ya ndowe kuti tidye. Pafupifupi miyezi 3-4 ya moyo, amuna amaphatikizana ndi akazi mu "mabanja" ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito limodzi, kukonzekera chakudya osati chawo chokha, komanso ana amtsogolo.
Choyamba, tizilombo timakumba mabowo mpaka masentimita 30 akuya ndi chipinda chosanjikiza kumapeto kwake, komwe kumazunguliridwa mipira ya ndowe ndipo ndimomwe zimakhalira. Wamwamuna, akamaliza ntchito yake, amasiya chisa, ndipo chachikazi chimatayikira mazira (ma PC 1-3.) Mu mipira ya ndowe, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe owoneka ngati peyala. Pambuyo pake, chachikazi chimachokanso pachisa, ndikudzaza khomo kuchokera pamwamba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mkazi wamkazi wokhala ndi umuna m'nthawi yogwira akhoza kupanga zisa khumi, chifukwa chake, amaikira mazira 30.
Pambuyo masiku 10-12, mphutsi zimaswa kuchokera m'mazira, omwe nthawi yomweyo amayamba kudya mwakhama chakudya chokonzedwa ndi makolo awo. Patadutsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi wathanzi labwino, mbozi iliyonse imasanduka chibonga, chomwe chimatha milungu ingapo kukhala kachilomboka. Scarabs, atasintha kuchokera kuzilonda, amakhalabe mkati mwa mipira ya ndowe, mpaka nthawi yophukira, kapena ngakhale mpaka masika, mpaka mvula ikawafewetse.
Magawo oyenda moyo:
- dzira;
- mphutsi;
- chidole;
- kafadala wamkulu.
Natural adani a scarab kafadala
Chithunzi: Momwe kachilomboka kamaonekera
Njuchi za Scarab ndizokulirapo, zowoneka bwino kuchokera kutalika komanso tizilombo tofooka. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kwambiri ntchito zawo kotero kuti sazindikira chilichonse kupatula manyowa ndi anzawo. Pachifukwa ichi, tizilombo ndiosavuta kuwona, kugwira ndikudya kwa mbalame zodya nyama, komanso zinyama zina. Khwangwala, nkhandwe, mimbulu, timadontho, ankhandwe, nkhandwe amasaka kachilomboka kulikonse, kulikonse komwe amakhala.
Komabe, nkhupakupa limaonedwa ngati mdani woopsa kwambiri kuposa nyama zolusa. Chomwe chimakhala ndi nkhuku yotere ndi kuthekera koti mudutse kachilomboka kokhala ndi mano ake akuthwa, kukwera mkati ndikudya wamoyo. Chizindikiro chimodzi cha scarab sichikhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, koma pakakhala zambiri, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri, kachilomboka kamafa.
Mwa njira, chifukwa chofukula ku Egypt, zipolopolo zachikuda zokhala ndi mabowo zimapezeka, kutsimikizira kuti nkhupakupa zidakhala mdani woyipitsitsa waziphuphu. Kuphatikiza apo, zipolopolo zambiri zidapezeka kuti lingaliro la miliri yamatenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nthata zomwe kale zidapha anthu onse a kafadala limadziwonetsera.
Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Asayansi alibe yankho lenileni pa izi, koma titha kuganiza kuti mwanjira imeneyi chilengedwe chikuyesera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mtundu winawake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Scarab kachilomboka
Malingana ndi akatswiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Sacred scarab ndi mtundu wokhawo wa kachilomboka, koma osati kale kwambiri, mitundu yoposa zana ya tizilombo tofananako inadzipatula ndipo imadziwika m'banja lina la Scarabeins.
Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:
- armeniacus Menetries;
- cicatricosus;
- zosiyana za Fabricius;
- Winkleri Stolfa.
Mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa ya kachilomboka sinawerengeredwe bwino, koma imasiyana mosiyana wina ndi mzake kukula kwake, mithunzi ya chipini cha chitinous, ndipo magawano adachitika kutengera malo okhala. Anthu amamvetsetsa kuti kachilomboka kamakhala kothandiza bwanji ku Aigupto Akale, atazindikira kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa manyowa ndi chakudya chowonongeka. Chifukwa chakutha kuyeretsa dziko lapansi kuchokera ku zinyalala za nyama ndi anthu, zomwe ndizofunikira nyengo yotentha kwambiri, kafadala wakuda adayamba kupembedzedwa ndikukhala gulu.
Pa nthawi yaharahara ndipo kenako, mu Igupto wakale, panali chipembedzo chamatsenga Kheper, yemwe ndi mulungu wa moyo wautali komanso wathanzi. Pa kufukula kwa manda a farao, zidapezeka zazikuluzikulu za Kheper zopangidwa ndi miyala ndi chitsulo, komanso ma medulo agolide ooneka ngati kachilomboka.
Njuchi za Scarab zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakadali pano ngati chida chogwiritsa ntchito manyowa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ulamuliro wa ku South America ndi ku Australia ulamulidwa ndi atsamunda, komwe ziweto zosiyanasiyana zidayamba kuweta zambiri, tizilombo tomwe tidasiya kuthana ndi manyowa ochuluka kwambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, adaganiza zobweretsa zikumbu zambiri kumeneko. Tizilombo ku Australia sitinakhazikike kwa nthawi yayitali, koma adapirira ntchitoyi.
Kuteteza kachilomboka
Chithunzi: Chikumbu cha Scarab kuchokera ku Red Book
Chiwerengero cha kafadala masiku ano chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri komwe akukhala, palibe njira zowatetezera. Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zabwino. Chifukwa cha zomwe awona pazaka zingapo zapitazi, akatswiri a tizilombo tavumbula chinthu chimodzi chosasangalatsa. Chofunikira chake ndikuti m'malo omwe ziweto, makamaka akavalo ndi ziweto zazikulu zamanyanga, zimadyetsedwa, ziwopsezo zimasinthasintha.
Iwo anayamba kufunafuna chifukwa ndipo zinapezeka kuti kusinthasintha kwa chiwerengero cha kafadala kumagwirizana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe alimi amalimbana ndi tiziromboti: utitiri, ntchentche, mahatchi, ndi zina zotero. Mwamwayi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa nyama ndi nyengo yake, motero mbozi zimachira mwachangu.
Chikumbu chotchedwa scarab, chomwe chimakhala pachilumba cha Crimea, chidalembedwa mu Red Book la Ukraine ngati mtundu wosatetezeka. Tikakumbukira kuti ntchito ya North Crimea Canal inaletsedwa, chifukwa chake dothi linayamba kukhala mchere m'chigawo chonsecho, ndiye kuti tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti zikhalidwe za kachilomboka ku Crimea zidzangowonjezereka.
Scarab kachilomboka siowopsa kwa anthu konse: sichimunda, sichiwononga mbewu ndi zinthu. M'malo mwake, kudya manyowa, kafadala amalemeretsa nthaka ndi mchere komanso mpweya. Pakati pa Aigupto akale, kachilomboka kankaonedwa ngati chizindikiro chomwe chimasunga mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi Sun God (Ra). Amakhulupirira kuti kachilombo kamayenera kutsagana ndi munthu m'moyo wapadziko lapansi komanso pambuyo pa moyo, kuwonetsera kuwala kwa dzuwa mumtima. Ndikukula kwa sayansi ndi zamankhwala, Aigupto amakono adaphunzira kutengera imfa ngati yosapeweka, koma chizindikiro cha scarab chidakhalabe m'miyoyo yawo kwamuyaya.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/03/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/28/2019 pa 11:58
