Hydrosphere sikuti imangokhala madzi padziko lapansi, komanso madzi apansi. Mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja, nyanja pamodzi zimapanga Nyanja Yadziko Lonse. Imakhala ndi malo ambiri padziko lapansi kuposa nthaka. Kwenikweni, kuphatikizika kwa hydrosphere kumaphatikizapo mchere womwe umapanga mchere. Pali madzi ochepa padziko lapansi, oyenera kumwa.
Ambiri mwa hydrosphere ndi nyanja:
- Mmwenye;
- Wokhala chete;
- Arctic;
- Atlantic.
Mtsinje wautali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Amazon. Nyanja ya Caspian imawerengedwa kuti ndi nyanja yayikulu kwambiri malinga ndi dera. Ponena za nyanja, Philippines ili ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri, imadziwikanso kuti ndi yakuya kwambiri.
Magwero a kuipitsa kwa hydrosphere
Vuto lalikulu ndi kuipitsa kwa hydrosphere. Akatswiri amatchula magwero awa akuwononga madzi:
- makampani amakampani;
- ntchito zanyumba;
- kuyendetsa zinthu zamafuta;
- ulimi wamagetsi;
- kayendedwe;
- zokopa alendo.
Kuwononga mafuta m'nyanja
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za zochitika zina. Ponena za mafakitale amafuta, mafuta ang'onoang'ono amatayika panthawi yopanga zopangira kuchokera pa alumali la nyanja. Izi sizowopsa ngati kutayika kwamafuta pangozi zapamadzi. Poterepa, banga la mafuta limakhudza dera lalikulu. Anthu okhala m'madamu amafooka chifukwa mafuta samalola kuti mpweya udutse. Nsomba, mbalame, molluscs, dolphins, anamgumi, komanso zolengedwa zina zamoyo zikufa, algae akufa. Zigawo zakufa zimapangidwa pamalo pomwe mafuta adatsanulira, kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe amadzi amasintha, ndipo amakhala osayenera zosowa zaumunthu zilizonse.
Masoka akulu kwambiri akuwononga Nyanja Yadziko Lonse:
- 1979 - pafupifupi matani 460 amafuta omwe adatayika mu Gulf of Mexico, ndipo zotsatirapo zake zidachotsedwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi;
- 1989 - sitima yapamadzi idayimilira pagombe la Alaska, pafupifupi mafuta okwana matani zikwi 48 adakhetsa mafuta, mafuta ambiri adapangidwa, ndipo mitundu 28 ya nyama inali pafupi kutha;
- 2000 - mafuta okhetsedwa pagombe la Brazil - pafupifupi malita 1.3 miliyoni, zomwe zidabweretsa tsoka lalikulu lachilengedwe;
- 2007 - mu Kerch Strait, zombo zingapo zidagwa pansi, zinawonongeka, ndipo zina zidamira, sulfa ndi mafuta adakhetsa, zomwe zidapangitsa kufa kwa mazana a mbalame ndi nsomba.
Izi sizokhazo, pakhala masoka ambiri akulu komanso apakatikati omwe awononga kwambiri zachilengedwe zam'nyanja ndi nyanja. Zitenga chilengedwe kwazaka zambiri kuti ziyambenso.
Kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja
Nyanja ndi mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mdziko muno imakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zapadera. Kwenikweni tsiku lililonse, madzi osafunikira osungidwa kunyumba ndi mafakitale amatulutsidwa. Manyowa amchere ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo nawonso amalowa m'madzi. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti madzi azithiridwa mopambanitsa ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa ndere. Nawonso amadya mpweya wambiri, amakhala m'malo mwa nsomba ndi nyama zam'mitsinje. Izi zitha kuchititsa kufa kwamadziwe ndi nyanja. Tsoka ilo, madzi apadziko lapansi amakhudzidwanso ndi mankhwala, ma radiation, komanso kuipitsa mitsinje, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu.
Zida zamadzi ndizo chuma cha dziko lathu lapansi, mwina chambiri kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale nkhokwe yayikuluyi yakwanitsa kubweretsa zovuta kwambiri. Zamoyo zonse komanso mpweya wa hydrosphere, komanso anthu okhala m'mitsinje, m'nyanja, m'nyanja, komanso m'malire a madamu akusintha. Ndi anthu okha omwe amatha kuthandiza kuyeretsa njira zam'madzi kuti apulumutse malo ambiri amadzi kuwonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, Nyanja ya Aral yatsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo matupi ena amadzi akuyembekeza kutha kwake. Posunga hydrosphere, tisungitsa miyoyo yamitundu yambiri ndi zinyama, komanso kusiyira ana athu madzi.
