Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri nyanja zam'madzi ndi zombo zam'madzi. Zombo zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta olemera, omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zolemera komanso zowopsa. Madzi apakhomo, madzi obedwa ndi madzi onyansa amatulutsidwa m'madzi, zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe. Kuwononga kwa zombo kumayendetsedwa ndimayendedwe am'nyanja komanso amitsinje, omwe amatulutsa zinyalala zomwe zimachitika pochita ntchito ndi mpweya womwe umalowa m'madzi pakagwa ngozi zakupha.
Kutulutsa kwa mpweya mumlengalenga
Choopsa kwambiri chomwe chimalowa m'madzi ndikupangitsa kuti asidi wa sulfuric apange ndi mpweya wa sulfuric. Zotsatira zake, chilengedwe chimasokonekera ndipo kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe kumayambitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, sitima zapamadzi zotulutsa mpweya zimatulutsa mwaye, fumbi, ma oxide a sulfure, carbon monoxide ndi ma hydrocarboni osayaka mumlengalenga.
Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungira zachilengedwe, omwe ndi gasi lachilengedwe ndi hydrogen. Izi zichepetsa kulowa kwa zinthu zowononga m'madzi ndi m'mlengalenga.
Njira zomwe cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi sitima
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pali zinthu zambiri zoyipa zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe ndipo ndizotheka kuthana ndi zovuta zawo. Chifukwa chake, njira zingapo zidapangidwa kuti zithandizire kuchepetsa zovuta, monga:
- kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osawonongera chilengedwe;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina opangira zamagetsi omwe angathandize kukweza mayendedwe;
- malamulo oyendetsera mafuta ndi magawidwe akamagawo;
- Kukhazikitsa ma boilers obwezerezedwanso ndi makina apadera otetezera kutentha pazinthu zosiyanasiyana za ma boiler (boiler cavity, soot blowing, fire extinguting);
- mayendedwe aliwonse munyanja ndi mumtsinje ayenera kukhala ndi njira zaluso zotetezera mpweya wotulutsa utsi womwe umalowa mumlengalenga;
- kukana kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhala ndi nayitrogeni m'zombo;
- kusanthula kwathunthu kwa kagwiritsidwe ka bokosi ka zinthu ndi kulumikizana kwa flange;
- ntchito ya magudumu dizilo ndi liwiro variable.
Potsatira malangizo awa, kutulutsa kwa zinthu zovulaza kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, komwe kumachepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe ndi sitima.
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mumlengalenga: mayamwidwe, makutidwe ndi okosijeni azinthu zoyaka moto zopangira mpweya, othandizira ndi othandizira. Aliyense wa iwo umalimbana kuyeretsa misa mpweya ndi danga madzi. Chofunikira cha njirazi ndikutulutsa mankhwala owopsa, chifukwa cha imodzi mwanjira zomwe agwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimachitika potenthetsa kapena kupereka gasi ku chowotcherera, kuyimitsa ndi kutentha ndi nthunzi, pogwiritsa ntchito zotchingira zolimba ndikuyeretsa zinthu kutentha pang'ono.
