Mpweya ndiye chuma chofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma monga zinthu zina zambiri, anthu amawononga izi powononga chilengedwe. Lili ndi mipweya ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika pamoyo wa anthu onse. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu ndi nyama, mpweya ndi wofunikira kwambiri, womwe umalemeretsa thupi lonse pakupuma.
Anthu amakono sazindikira ngakhale kuti anthu amatha kufa ndi mpweya wakuda. Malinga ndi WHO, mu 2014, anthu pafupifupi 3.7 miliyoni amwalira padziko lapansi, chifukwa cha khansa yoyambitsidwa ndi kuipitsa mpweya.
Mitundu ya kuipitsa mpweya
Mwambiri, kuipitsa mpweya kumakhala kwachilengedwe komanso kosavomerezeka. Inde, mtundu wachiwiri ndiwowononga kwambiri chilengedwe. Kutengera ndi zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, kuipitsidwa kumatha kukhala kwamitundu iyi:
- makina - microparticles olimba ndi fumbi amalowa mumlengalenga;
- kwachilengedwe - mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya amalowa mlengalenga;
- radioactive - zinyalala ndi zinthu zowononga radio;
- mankhwala - amapezeka pakachitika ngozi ndi mpweya wa technogenic, pomwe chilengedwe chimaipitsidwa ndi ma phenols ndi ma oxide a kaboni, ammonia ndi ma hydrocarboni, formaldehydes ndi phenols;
- matenthedwe - potulutsa mpweya wofunda m'mabizinesi;
- phokoso - lochitidwa ndi phokoso lalikulu ndi phokoso;
- electromagnetic - ma radiation aminda yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Zomwe zimawononga mpweya ndizopangira mafakitale. Sasamala za chilengedwe chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera komanso ukadaulo wosasamala zachilengedwe. Kuyenda pamsewu kumathandizira kwambiri pakuwononga mpweya, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa mlengalenga.
Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa mpweya
Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi. Anthu ambiri amalefuka, sangapume mpweya wabwino. Zonsezi zimabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Komanso, kuipitsa madzi kumabweretsa kuwoneka kwa utsi m'mizinda yayikulu, kuwononga kutentha, kutentha kwanyengo, kusintha kwa nyengo, mvula yamchere ndi mavuto ena achilengedwe.
Ngati anthu posachedwa ayamba kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndipo sayamba kuyeretsa, izi zibweretsa mavuto akulu padzikoli. Munthu aliyense akhoza kuthandizira izi, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kuchokera pamagalimoto kupita ku mayendedwe ochezeka - kupita panjinga.
