Kudera lotentha, kumamera nkhalango zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizofala kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Mmodzi mwa mitunduyi ndi nkhalango yolimba yolimba nthawi yachilimwe. Malo achilengedwewa amakhala ndi nyengo youma, chifukwa imagwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana pakati pa 500 mpaka 1000 millimeter pachaka. Chilimwe ndi chouma komanso chotentha pano, ndipo nthawi yozizira kulibe chisanu. Kwa nkhalango zolimba, zinthu zotsatirazi ndizodziwika:
- maziko a nkhalango ndi mitengo yolimba ndi zitsamba;
- denga lili ndi gawo limodzi;
- mitengo imapanga zisoti zazikulu;
- tchire zambiri zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimamera mu underbrush;
- mitengo ya m'nkhalangoyi ili ndi makungwa olimba, ndipo nthambi zake zimayandikira pansi.
Maluwa a nkhalango yolimba
Nkhalango zowuma zachilimwe zokhala ndi masamba olimba ndizofala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Ku Europe, amapezeka m'chigawo cha Mediterranean, ndipo apa thundu ndi paini ndi mitundu yopanga nkhalango. M'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, zomera zimasiyanasiyana, chifukwa pamakhala mitengo ikuluikulu - kork, walloon, ndi marmot. Pansi penipeni m'nkhalangoyi pali mitengo ya pistachio ndi mchisu, mitengo ya sitiroberi ndi maolivi, boxwood ndi ma laurels abwino, junipere, komanso mitundu ina ya zitsamba ndi mitengo.
Zomera zonse zamtunduwu zimasinthasintha mwapadera kuti zisawononge kutentha. Masamba a mitengo ina amakhala ndi zokutira phula, ina imakhala ndi msana ndi mphukira, ndipo ina imakhala ndi makungwa akuda kwambiri. Muli nkhalango yocheperako poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango, mwina chifukwa choti ziwalo za mitengoyi zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira.
Ngati chinyezi chimapezeka m'malo ena, ndiye kuti maquis - nkhalango za zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimatha kumera pano. Amakhala, kuwonjezera pa mitundu yomwe tatchulayi, heather ndi gorse, rosemary ndi cistus. Pakati pa liana, katsitsumzukwa kakang'ono kamene kamakula. Thyme ndi lavender, komanso zomera zina zowononga herbaceous zimamera mu udzu wosanjikiza. Mitengo ya nyemba, heather rosaceous ndi xerophilous imamera m'nkhalango za North America.
Kutulutsa
Chifukwa chake, nkhalango zotupa kwambiri zimakhala m'dera lam'madera otentha. Malo okhala nkhalango zamtunduwu ndizosiyana, chifukwa cha nyengo yomwe maluwawo ali ndi kusintha kwawo, komwe kumawathandiza kukhala ndi chinyezi chocheperako m'malo otentha.
