Njati za ku Ulaya, kapena njati za ku Ulaya, ndi imodzi mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya. Kutalika kwake kumafika pafupifupi mita ziwiri, ndipo kulemera kwa amuna nthawi zina kumafika makilogalamu 1000. Njati zaku Europe ndizocheperako pang'ono kuposa mnzake waku America, koma ili ndi mane wautali pansi pakhosi ndi pamphumi. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nyanga zazing'ono.
Lero, mizere iwiri yokha ya njati yatsala - Caucasus ndi Belovezhsky - chigwa. Chiwerengero chawo chonse chimaphatikizapo anthu pafupifupi 4,000 omwe amakhala mu ukapolo komanso kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, adatchulidwa ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book.
Makhalidwe apamwamba
Njati ya ku Europe (Bison Bonasus), monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa wachibale waku America, Njati. Komabe, imakhalanso ndi kukula kwakukulu. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pakati pa zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, panali chizolowezi chakuchepa kwa kukula kwa nyama izi. Mwachitsanzo, Bison lowland, malinga ndi zomwe zidatsalira, kale idafika pa 1200 kg. Lero chiwerengerochi ndi chotsikirako, ndipo sichiposa kwambiri makilogalamu 1000. Ndipo tiyeni tiwone bwino magawo a nyama izi.
Bison Bonasus ali ndi:
- bulauni kapena utoto wakuda;
- kutalika mpaka masentimita 188;
- kutalika kwa thupi - 2.1 - 3.1 m;
- mchira kutalika - 30-60 cm;
- kulemera kwazimayi kumasintha mkati mwa utali wa 300 - 540 kg;
- kulemera kwa amuna ndi 430-1000 kg;
- zaka za moyo mu ukapolo ndi zaka 30;
- zaka zakutchire zaka 25.
Mbali yakutsogolo ya njatiyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yokhala ndi chifuwa chotukuka bwino. Khosi lalifupi komanso kumbuyo kwakapangidwe kamatundu. Mphuno ndi yaing'ono, mphumi ndi yayikulu komanso yotakata. Makutu amfupi kwambiri amabisidwa ndi masamba obiriwira pamutu. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi nyanga zazing'ono.
Nthawi yokwanira ikugwa mu Ogasiti - Seputembara. Chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo, njati za ku Europe nthawi zambiri zimawoloka ndi ng'ombe zoweta, chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambira.
Malo achilengedwe
Malo okhala njati ndi osalala komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana ku Europe - kuyambira ku Russia ndi kumwera kwa Sweden mpaka ku Balkan ndi kumpoto kwa Spain. Muthanso kukumana nawo m'nkhalango za steppe ndi steppe, mdera la apolisi. Chofunikira apa ndikusintha kwa nkhalango ndi malo otseguka, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso wamtendere.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Njati zinachepa chifukwa nkhalango ndi alenje anachotsa nyamazi kumalo awo achilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mu 1927, njati zakutchire zomaliza ku Europe zidaphedwa kumwera kwa Russia. Zinyama, momwe munali anthu pafupifupi 50, zidakhala chipulumutso.
Mwamwayi, njati zinawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ng'ombe zingapo zabwezeretsedwa kuthengo. Tsopano njati zimapezeka m'malo osungira ku Poland ndi Lithuania, Belarus ndi Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova ndi Spain. Akukonzekera kudzaza nyama ku Germany ndi ku Netherlands.
Zakudya zabwino
Njati zimadya zakudya zamasamba. Zakudya zawo ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 400 yazomera. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri amadya udzu wobiriwira. Mphukira yatsopano ndi makungwa a mitengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kugwa, amasangalala kudya zipatso. Ngati chakudya chomwe amakonda sichingakwane, amatha kudya zipatso, bowa, singano, moss ndi ndere. M'nyengo yozizira, amafunafuna zotsalira zobiriwira za zomera pansi pa chipale chofewa, amadya chisanu.
M'nyengo yotentha, ng'ombe yayikulu imatha kudya mpaka makilogalamu 32 a chakudya ndikumwa pafupifupi 50 malita a madzi, ng'ombe - mpaka 23 kg ndi 30 malita.
Nyama zimakonda kumwa tsiku lililonse. Ndiye chifukwa chake m'nyengo yozizira mutha kuwona momwe Njati imaswa madzi oundana posungira ndi ziboda zake kuti ifike pamadzi.
Kubereka ndi njira yamoyo
Nyanga za ku Ulaya zimaswana kuchokera mu Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala. Pakadali pano, ng'ombe zamphongo ndizokwiyira komanso nsanje. Akuluakulu amayenda pakati pa magulu a akazi, kufunafuna ng'ombe yoti ikwanire. Nthawi zambiri amakhala naye, kuti apewe kubwereranso kwa akazi ku ziweto komanso kuti ana ena asafike kwa iye.
Nthawi ya bere imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi inayi ndipo ng'ombe zambiri zimabadwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Nthawi zambiri Njati zachikazi zimatha kubereka mwana m'modzi yekha, koma nthawi zina amapasa amapezekanso. Ng'ombe zazing'ono zimayima ndi miyendo yawo patadutsa maola angapo kuchokera pobereka, ndipo amaletsa kuyamwa kuyambira pachifuwa ali ndi zaka 7-12.
Njati zimakhwima pakatha zaka 3-4.
Nthawi yonseyi, Njati zazimayi zimakhala m'magulu a ng'ombe 2-6 ndi ana azaka zitatu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana kapena m'makampani ang'onoang'ono. Nyati sizimvera nthawi yakukwerana, ndipo imakonda kukhalira m'magulu akulu m'nyengo yozizira. Pamodzi, ndikosavuta kwa iwo kukana adani omwe ali ndi njala m'nyengo yozizira. Kawirikawiri, njati za ku Ulaya zilibe adani ambiri, koma mimbulu ndi zimbalangondo zokha ndi zomwe zingayesere kulanda ng'ombe m'gulu. Mdani wamkuluyo ndi osaka nyama mozemba, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuzitsimikizira motsutsana ndi nkhandwe yanjala.
