Tsichlazoma severum mwina ndi nsomba yotchuka kwambiri yam'madzi a m'nyanja ya aquarium, onse pakati pa akatswiri amadzi am'madzi komanso opindulitsa. Zonse ndizokhudza kutalika kwa moyo wake, zinthu zosadzichepetsa komanso mtundu wowala.
Severums amatchedwanso discus yabodza chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo kwakunja - thupi la cichlazoma ndilokwera kwambiri ndipo limapanikizika m'mbali. Koma mosiyana ndi discus nsomba, nsombazi sizifunikira zovuta kuti zisungidwe.
Maonekedwe ndi mitundu
Cichlazoma severum amakhala kuthengo m'mitsinje yaku South America. Mtundu wawo wachilengedwe umadalira komwe amakhala komanso masitayilo ofiira ofiira mpaka abulauni okhala ndi matupi akuda m'thupi lonse. M'malo awo achilengedwe, amuna amatha kufikira 25-30 cm kutalika. Achibale awo a m'nyanja yamadzi osapitirira masentimita 20. Ndipo mitundu yake ndiyotakata kwambiri ndipo m'malo mwake imalowetsa mtundu wachilengedwe. Mitundu yofala kwambiri yama discus yabodza imaganiziridwa:
- severum golide - wachikaso wosiyanasiyana mitundu, amuna amakhala ndi "mask" owoneka bwino komanso owala;
- severum wofiira kapena wamapewa ofiira (dzina lachiwiri ndi rocktail). Rocktail ili ndi mzere wofiira lalanje kuseri kwa mutu wake. Zipsepsezo ndi zofananira;
- magawo okhala ndi red-dotted - anthu achikaso chowala, pafupifupi mtundu wagolide wokhala ndi ma specks ofiira thupi lonse;
- mapira ofiira a cichlazoma severum - imodzi mwamagawo odziwika bwino kwambiri, omwe amakonda thupi lawo lowala kwambiri lokhala ndi madontho ofiira;
- cichlazoma severum buluu emarodi ndiye gawo lachiwiri lotchuka kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ndi utoto wapamwamba kwambiri wabuluu-emarodi wokhala ndi mawanga akuda mthupi lonse.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwa amuna ndi akazi mtunduwo umasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwala kwake ndi kukwanira kwake. Akazi ali ndi "mawonekedwe" ochulukirapo, amuna amanyadira "mitundu yonse yazisokonezo" mwa kuthekera kwawo kwa mitundu.
Zithunzizo zikuwonetseratu oimira ma disums.
Mikhalidwe yomangidwa
Kusunga zovuta m'madzi a aquarium sizovuta kwenikweni. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikusankha chidebe choyenera, kuyeretsa malo okhala nsomba nthawi yake ndikupatsa chakudya choyenera.
Kusankha "nyumba" ya nsomba
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino wa nsomba, muyenera kusankha aquarium pamadzi amodzi - 200 malita a madzi. Ngati akukonzekera kukhalira mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo iyenera kukhala osachepera 300, ndipo makamaka malita 500, kutengera kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Magawo amadzi:
- Kutentha 23-28C,
- Acidity (pH) 5.8 -7.0,
- Kulimba (dH) 5-20 (mpaka 25)
Tsichlazoma ndiyodzichepetsa, imalekerera kutentha kwambiri, ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda amitundu yonse.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ngati aquarium ndi yayitali komanso yopapatiza, ndiye kuti nsomba zimakula motalikirapo. Ngati nyumba yamagalasi ndiyotakata, nsomba zimakula mulifupi ndikukhala ngati nsomba za discus.
Kukongoletsa nyumba zam'madzi
Ndi bwino kuwaza timiyala tating'onoting'ono pansi, momwe zimakhala zosavuta kubzala mbewu ndi masamba olimba. Snags ndi grottoes zazikulu zidzakhala zoyenera.
Talingalirani zakuti masamba omwe ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono zofewa amatha kukhala ngati chakudya cham'madzi.
Chithunzi cha nyumba yabwino kwambiri yam'madzi yamadzi
Mdera
Severum mwachilengedwe ndi nsomba yosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ndi iwo mutha kuthana bwino ndi nsomba zofananira. Ngati ndi yaying'ono kapena yayikulupo, anthuwo sangakhale omasuka wina ndi mnzake.
Koma cichlazoma yakhazikitsa chidwi champhamvu. Chifukwa chake, mu aquarium imodzi, muyenera kukhazikitsa wamkulu, gulu lokhazikika kapena kagulu kakang'ono ka nsomba zazing'ono. Mitundu ina ya cichlids, ena a cichlids (ngati voliyumu ikuloleza), ma mesonout, ma astronotus ndi oyenera oyandikana nawo. Muthanso kuwonjezera nsomba zamatchire, mitundu yayikulu ya zitsamba ndi haracin kwa iwo.
Nsombazi ndizochepa ndipo sizichedwa kukula ndipo sizoyenera kwenikweni kwa oyandikana nawo. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu yonse yophimba-michira, nsomba zagolide, tetras ndi neon. Ngakhale kukhala ndi aquarium yayikulu sikuloleza kusunga nsomba zosiyanasiyana muchidebe chimodzi.
Pachithunzicho pali aquarium yomwe ili ndi mitundu yokongola.
Kudyetsa nsomba
Tsichlazoma ndi nsomba yopatsa chidwi. Mapuloteni (amoyo) ndi zakudya zamasamba ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pazakudya. Akatswiri ena am'madzi akuti apereke letesi kapena masamba a sipinachi ngati chakudya chobiriwira (izi zisanachitike amafunika kuwotcha ndi madzi otentha). Nandolo zobiriwira ndi mitundu yoyenera ya spirulina ithandizanso.
Kuyambira chakudya cha nyama, mutha kupereka shrimp, ma bloodworms, brine shrimp. Chakudya chouma cha nsomba chimagulitsidwa kwambiri m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto - onaninso pazakudya. Iyenera kukhala yosiyanasiyana komanso yolinganiza, makamaka munthawi yobereka.
Chidziwitso china - ngati muli ndi mbewu zomwe zikukula mu aquarium yanu zomwe zimapatsa mphukira zobiriwira zobiriwira, konzekerani kuti cichlazoma idye chakudya cham'mawa kapena chakudya chamadzulo nawo.
Kuswana magawo
Pawiri, nsombazi zimasuluka zokha. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika zaka 1.5-2. Koma nthawi yayitali izi zisanachitike, mutha kuwona kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Pakatha miyezi 6, mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi chimbudzi chakuthwa kumbuyo kwa sire yamtsogolo. Ndi bwenzi lake, amakula pakapita nthawi.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawonekeranso mu utoto. Mwaimuna, imakhala yowala, yokhala ndi timadontho komanso mikwingwirima mthupi lonse. Mkazi ali ndi thupi lotumbululuka, pafupifupi lofananira.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kubereka, muyenera kukweza kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium ndi 2-3 °. Ndikofunikanso kusintha pang'ono pamadzi kawiri pamlungu. Ndibwino kuti musinthe 1/4 mpaka 1/5 ya voliyumu yonse.
Nsomba zimatha kubala mosungiramo wamba, ndipo mwapadera momwe zimaphukira, zimakhala ndi malita osachepera 150.
Kuvina kosakanizana mu "kukupsompsona" kwakutali kumakhala ngati chiyambi chobala. Nsombazi zimalumikizana ndi pakamwa ndipo zimazungulira nyanjayi. Pambuyo pake, yaikazi imaikira mazira pamalo owongoka kapena owonera pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwake kumatha kufikira ma PC 300 mpaka 1000. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kubala.
Nthawi yokwanira imadalira kutentha kwa madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala sabata. Nthawi yonseyi, makolo amasamalira ana amtsogolo - amasankha mazira akufa, amatenthetsa madzi pafupi ndi zowalamulira ndi zipsepse zawo.
Pambuyo masiku asanu ndi awiri, mphutsi zimayamba kusambira zokha ndipo zimafuna kudya. Chakudyacho chimatha kukhala microplankton, nauplii, brine shrimp, kapena zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Kukula kwachinyamata kwa cichlazoma kumakula pang'onopang'ono. Patatha mwezi umodzi, mu aquarium, mutha kuwona unyamata wa sentimita, womwe ukuwonetsa kale mtundu wake.
Ndi chinthu china chosangalatsa kuchokera m'moyo wamasamba
Zikuoneka kuti nsomba ya cichlazoma imatha kupanga mitundu iwiri yokha, koma yazimayi. Izi zikuyenera kuchenjeza wam'madzi. Izi, zachidziwikire, palibe chowopsa chilichonse, koma ana ochokera ku "chikondi cha nsomba" chotere sayenera kuyembekezeredwa.
Mukasiyanitsa awiriwa kapena kulola abambo kumalo awo, mutha kutaya anawo, popeza akazi amakwiya kwambiri pakulowererapo kosavomerezeka kwa abale awo, okhaokha amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Pa nthawi yobereka, opanga amatha kutulutsa chinsinsi chapadera kuchokera ku epithelium, yomwe amadyetsa achinyamata. Chifukwa chake, kulibe mavuto ndi kuswana. Koma ngati mwasamutsa nsombayo kumalo osungira madzi atatsala pang'ono kubala, samalani mosamala momwe achinyamata akuyendera. "Amayi ndi abambo" atha kukhala ndi nkhawa ndipo sangapatse "chakudya" cha ana awo. Amawonekeranso m'mabanja akale omwe adakhala zaka zingapo.
