M'nyanja za South America zodzala ndi masamba owirira, kansomba kakang'ono kanabadwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Wokhalamo wosazolowereka pang'onopang'ono adakhala chokongoletsa chenicheni chamadamu, motero adalandira dzina lokongola: "scalar", lomwe limamasulira ngati tsamba lamapiko.
Zokongoletsa za Aquarium - nsomba "mngelo"
Ku Europe, scalar yaying'ono idatchedwa "mngelo", pomwe idakhalanso wokhala m'madzi okhala pakati pa azungu. Kutchuka koteroko kwa nsombazi kumafotokozedwa osati kokha ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ndi utoto. Amadziwika kuti nsomba zambiri zam'madzi samakhala motalikirapo: osapitilira zaka ziwiri, komabe, scalar imawonedwa ngati chiwindi chotalika, yomwe imakhala m'madzi azaka zam'madzi kwa zaka 10 (mosamala, nthawi imeneyi imatha kukhala zaka 20). Kutalika kwa scalar mwachindunji kumadalira wam'madzi ndi luso lake. Ngakhale kuti nsombazi ndizamitundu yopanda phindu, zimafunikanso chisamaliro choyenera komanso njira yoyenera yopangira moyo. Ma aquarists sayenera kuiwala kuti mwana wachilendo uyu ndi wochokera ku Kontinenti Yakumwera, wozolowera kukhala m'malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri. Chifukwa chake, vuto loyambirira lomwe limathandizira kukulira kwa kutalika kwa moyo wa scalars mu aquarium ndikusamalira m'malo okonzedwa bwino.
Sikovuta kusamalira nsombazi, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwona zinthu zingapo kuti akhale momasuka mu aquarium:
- Kukhathamiritsa kwa chilengedwe cha m'madzi ndi zomera zofunikira kuti apange zinthu pafupi ndi zachilengedwe;
- bungwe la zakudya zoyenera potsatira mfundo zoyambirira ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala;
- malo oyenera a scalar yaying'ono ndi anthu ena okhala m'nyanja ya aquarium.
Ndi oimira angati omwe adzakhalemo mu aquarium zimadalira kuchuluka kwa dziwe lamadzi.
Mikhalidwe yomangidwa
Mcherewo umamveka bwino m'nkhalango zowirira zam'madzi, chifukwa thupi lake lathyathyathya limalola kuti lizitha kusuntha pakati pazomera. Komabe, musaiwale kuti danga laulere la motley khanda ndilofunikira, makamaka ngati mwiniwake akufuna kukulitsa khungu lalikulu. Momwe zinthu ziliri, nsomba yam'madzi iyi imakula mpaka masentimita 15 m'litali, ikadali ndi kuthekera kotalika masentimita 26 m'litali. Iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zikulu zazikulu ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti aquarium ndiyokwanira - mpaka malita 100. Komanso, kutalika kwa nyumbayi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 50.
Udindo wofunikira pakukhazikitsa chitonthozo pamasamba umaseweredwa ndi kutentha kwamadzi mu aquarium. Momwemonso, zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, komabe, kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino, zikopa zimafunikira kutentha kwamadzi madigiri 22 mpaka 26. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri odziwa zamadzi amatsimikiza kuti nsombazi zimamva bwino kutentha kwa m'madziwo mpaka madigiri 18, ndipo ngakhale kwakanthawi amakhala opanda mavuto m'malo am'madzi okhala ndi chizindikiritso chotere.
Kusamalira nsomba zotere sikungopanganso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala, kusamalira munthawi yake komanso kuyeretsa kwa aquarium yokha, komanso kupangira chakudya choyenera cha nsomba.
Zakudya zabwino
Mcherewo umadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yopanda malire komanso yopanda ulemu. Kuphatikiza pa kuti sakakamiza mwini wake kuti apange zikhalidwe, amakhalanso wokonda chakudya. Njira yothetsera vuto lodyetsa scalar, monga lamulo, siyimayambitsa zovuta: nsomba iyi imadya chakudya chouma komanso chakudya chamoyo. Kuti mudziwe bwino chakudya choyenera cha scalars, ndikofunikira kukumbukira zomwe thupi la nsomba limafotokoza. Popeza thupi lake limakhala lathyathyathya, zimakhala zovuta kuti apeze chakudya kuchokera pansi, chifukwa chake, chakudya choyenera kwambiri pamankhwala amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chomwe chimakhala pamwamba pamadzi nthawi yayitali. Njira zakusankhira chakudya chokhazikika ndizoyenera - nsomba iyi imadya popanda vuto lililonse ndi thanzi ndi mphutsi zamagazi, ndi tubifex, ndi chakudya china chilichonse chamoyo. Akatswiri ena amakonda kudyetsa nsomba izi ndi nsomba zodulidwa: shrimp, nyama ya mussel.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti boma lodyetsa scalar likhale lofanana ndi nsomba zina zambiri zam'madzi a aquarium: 2-3 tsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, chisamaliro choyenera cha nsomba mumtambo wa aquarium chimapereka tsiku limodzi losala sabata: patsikuli, nsomba sizidyetsedwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa zibangili katatu patsiku, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Chakudya chiyenera kuperekedwa mochuluka momwe nsomba zimadyera, osakulitsa kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chakudya chosadyedwa chimaipitsa madzi am'madziwo.
Kuswana scalar
Amakhulupirira kuti zotupa zimakonzeka kuswana pofika zaka 10. Kusunga nsombazi mu thanki yomweyo mukamakonzekera kubzala kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zingapo. Amuna ndi akazi onse adzachita zonse zotheka kuteteza malowo ndi mazira oyikidwiratu, zomwe zingayambitse mikangano pakati pa omwe akukhala m'madziwo.
Ndikofunika kuwonera makalasi mosamalitsa, momwe amawonongera 
nthawi yowoneka bwino komanso yovuta pokonzekera kubereka. Kusamala mwanzeru pa aquarium kudzalola kuti musaphonye nthawi yofunika imeneyi komanso kuti nthawi yake isamuke kusamutsa nsanjayo kumalo ena osakhalitsa okwana mpaka malita 80. Madzi ake ayenera kukhala ofunda, ndipo m'nyanjayi mumatha kukhala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba akulu kuti apange malo abwino operekera madzi. Patatha masiku angapo, mwachangu amawoneka m'madzi, pambuyo pake makolo ayenera kuchotsedwa kwa makanda. Zingwe zazing'ono zimakhala m'malo am'madzi osiyana mpaka atakula ndikulimba, amadya ma ciliates kapena "fumbi lamoyo". Tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa makanda momwe akulu amadyetsera: mpaka katatu patsiku.
Kupanga malo abwino okhala
Mwa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi, pali lingaliro kuti scalar ndi wokhala mwamtendere m'malo mwa aquarium. Komabe, mtendere wake uli ndi malire: kukhala bwino ndi nzika zina ndikuti scalar ili ndi gawo lina m'nyanja yamadzi ndikuyesera kuthamangitsa anthu ena am'madzi kumeneko. Kwa nsomba za motley izi, ndibwino kuti mupange madera angapo apadera mu aquarium:
- Bzalani mbewu zingapo ndi masamba otakata m'makona osiyanasiyana a aquarium. Njira imeneyi ichepetsa kwambiri mikangano m'malo okhala madzi.
- Mkati mwa aquarium mumakwaniritsidwa ndi mapanga ang'onoang'ono, miyala yayikulu, ma snag. Izi zipangitsa kuti ziphuphu zizitha kupeza pobisalira popanda kuvulaza anthu ena onse.
- Gawo lapakati la aquarium liyenera kumasiyidwa mwaulere momwe zingathere kuti pakhale mayendedwe amtundu wa nsomba.
- Nsomba zosiyanasiyananso zimakhala zamanyazi: amawopa kuwala kowala, chifukwa chake kuli bwino kugawa mbewu zoyandama pamtunda mozungulira nyanja yamchere. Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale mdima wowonjezera, ndikupangitsa kuti nsomba zizikhala bwino.
Nthawi zambiri, scalar imatenga malo pafupi ndi wodyetsa, motero imachotsa nsomba zonse zazing'ono, pomwe zazing'ono kwambiri zimatha ngakhale kudya. Scalarians ndi nsomba zazikulu zimakhala mwamtendere limodzi, popeza mwana wa motley sangathe kuwathamangitsa kwa wodyetsa, chifukwa chake samatsutsana nawo. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi ziboda zambiri mumchere umodzi wamadzi, womwe umasweka msanga ndikuyamba "kugawa" gawo lomwe lili pafupi ndi wodyerayo. Pomwe iwo "amagawa gawo", ena onse okhala mumchere wa aquarium alibe mwayi wodyerako.
