Mukamaweta ziweto, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la agalu abusa, mwanjira ina - agalu oweta. Zaka zikwi zambiri za mgwirizano ndi anthu zabala zipatso. Agalu a nkhosa amadziwika ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu, nzeru zapamwamba za canine, kuwongolera.
Pali abusa ambiri. Mayina a mitundu ya abusa Mndandanda wa mitundu yoposa 50. Komanso, ndi osiyana. Masiku ano, sikuti amangodyetsa nkhosa, amatumikiranso apolisi, amatitsogolera komanso amatithandizira, amatipangitsa mitima yathu kukhala yofewa komanso miyoyo yathu kukhala bata.
M'busa wachingelezi
Agalu omwe amapanga mtunduwu adabwera ndi alendo ochokera ku England ndi Scotland kupita ku New World. Ku North America States kunali kuwonjezeka kwachuma kwachuma, ulimi, galu adakhala woyenera kwambiri. Pafupifupi zaka 120 zapitazo, galu wowetayo adayamba kuonekera.
Abusa achingerezi ndi ogwira ntchito molimbika. Amatha kudyetsa ziweto, kuyang'anira madera, kuthamangitsa nyama yomwe sanaitanidwe, kusamalira ana. Akazi achingelezi amakula mpaka 58 cm, 27 kg - agalu ambiri samalemera. Nzeru zapamwamba, kudzipereka kwa eni ake, chidwi chawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kugwira ntchito ndi gulu lankhosa kapena mbuzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwo.
Abusa aku Australia
Mitundu iwiri ya agalu abusa imalumikizidwa ndi kontinenti yachisanu:
- Aussie kapena Ossi, nthawi zina amakhala - Australia Shepherd. Zowetedwa ku States pamaziko a agalu omwe amatumizidwa, kuphatikiza ochokera ku Australia. Kukula kwa nyamazo kumakhala kwapakatikati, ndikufota mpaka masentimita 58. Chovalacho ndi masentimita asanu kutalika kwake ndi utoto wodabwitsa. Abusa akhama pantchito komanso amakhalidwe abwino akhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Amakalamba ndi zaka 13.
- Kelpie. Nyenyezi yakudziko la Australia. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi kupambana kopambana kwa obereketsa am'deralo. Khalidwe labwino: khalani ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, mutha kuwunika madera akulu. Kelpies amakula mpaka masentimita 51. Amakhala olemera mpaka makilogalamu 20. Mtundu wakuda: makala, chokoleti, ofiira-wakuda. Moyo wautali mpaka zaka 14.
M'busa wa Anatolian
Gawo la gulu la Molossian. Makhalidwe abwino oyang'anira ndi kuweta ndi zotsatira za kusankha kwachilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali. Ku Turkey, dzina loti "Anatolian" limawerengedwa kuti ndi lofala kwambiri, amaumirira kuti amatchedwa "oyang'anira aku Turkey" kapena "kangal". Maonekedwe amtunduwu adayamba nthawi ya Babulo, ndiko kuti, a Kangals ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 24.
Imakula mpaka masentimita 80. Simawoneka yolemera kwambiri, ngakhale imalemera mpaka 65 kg. Zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri. Pitani mwachangu komanso kwambiri. Ubweya ndi 3 cm, wowongoka, umakwirira thupi lonse. Mitundu ya agalu oweta mitundu makamaka akuda kapena opunduka. Mbali yapadera ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri za maxillofacial. Ukalamba umafika zaka 12-14.
M'busa wa Atlas
Mtunduwo uli ndi dzina lina - Aidi. Poyamba kuchokera ku Maghreb, North Africa. Berbers adayendetsa ziweto zawo kudutsa mapiri a Atlas, mothandizidwa ndi a Aidis. Iwo mwaluso ankagwira ziweto, ankagwira ntchito ngati alonda, nawo kusaka, kutsatira nyama.
Atlas Sheepdog amakula mpaka 62 cm, kulemera mpaka 30 kg. Chovalacho ndi cholimba ndi malaya amkati apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri amajambula poyera, pafupifupi utoto woyera. Zibadwa za Sentinel zimaposa chibadwa cha ziweto ndi kusaka. Galu amakhala watcheru, wodzipereka kwa eni ake, osadalira.
Mbusa waku Belgian
Dziko lirilonse limayesetsa kuswana agalu amitundu yonse. Mu 1891, ntchito yoswana ya mbusa watsopano idayamba mu ufumu wa Belgian. Maganizo okonda dziko lako adagwira ntchito - adapangidwa mtundu wa mbusa waku Belgium, m'mitundu inayi:
- Groenendael ndi galu wakuda;
- malinois - tsitsi lofiira;
- Laquenois - wofiira wakuda;
- tervuren - mtundu uliwonse kupatula wakuda.
Kutalika kwa agalu ndi 66 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 30 kg. Izi ndi magawo apamwamba. Mitundu yonse ya M'busa waku Belgian ndiyofanana morphologically, mtundu ndi kutalika kwachikuto ndizosiyana. Ndioyenera kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la nkhosa, atha kukhala alonda, chifukwa cha kununkhira kwawo kumagwira ntchito ngati ofufuza apolisi.
Mbusa wa Bergam
Dzina lina la mtunduwo ndi bergamasco. Dzinalo adapatsidwa komwe adachokera - chigawo cha Bergamo, ku Lombardy, kumpoto kwa Italy. Ubweya, kupiringa zingwe, ma dreadlocks kapena mphasa zolemera zolemera zimapereka mawonekedwe apadera. Mtundu wa chivundikirocho ndi yunifolomu, imvi iliyonse imaloledwa.
Galu satalika kuposa 62 cm, yolemera kuposa 38 kg. Ili ndi dongosolo labwino kwambiri la minofu. Monga m'busa aliyense, iye ndi wolimba mtima komanso wosangalala. Psyche ndiyokhazikika, nyama ndiyabwino, yosachita zankhanza. Atha kukhala ouma khosi. Kuswana kwa nkhosa ku Italy kumazimiririka pang'onopang'ono. Bergamasco anasamuka kuchokera kumalo odyetserako ziweto kumapiri a ku Milan.
Mbusa waku Bulgaria
Mzinda wakale kwambiri wa Balkan mtundu wa mbusa... Wopangidwa ndi kusankha kwachilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali. Ndi gawo la chikhalidwe cha a Karakachan, mtundu wa Balkan (Greek) womwe umakhala m'maiko angapo pachilumbachi. Malo odyetserako zakudya zazikulu amakhazikitsidwa ku Bulgaria.
Galu ndiwofunika, osachepera 65 cm, kulemera kwake sikunatchulidwe ndi malamulowo. Maonekedwe a galu akuwonetsa cholinga chake - kuteteza madera, nyama, anthu, katundu. Khalidwe lofananira: galu samadalira kwambiri, koma wokhulupirika kwathunthu.
Welsh corgi
Amuna ochokera ku Wales. Maonekedwe ake adayamba m'zaka za zana la 10. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: Pembroke ndi Cardigan. Kusiyanitsa pakati pawo ndikofunikira, koma osati kupitirira mtundu umodzi. Ndi msinkhu wochepa (30 cm), zolengedwa zamiyendo yayifupi zimayang'aniridwa bwino ndi gulu la nkhosa ndi ng'ombe.
Masiku ano, Welsh Corgi ikufunika ngati agalu anzawo. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi nzeru zapamwamba za canine, kuthekera kuneneratu zokhumba za eni ake, kukonda moyo komanso mawonekedwe odekha. Miyeso yaying'ono imathandizira kuti pakhale nyumba zamatauni. Welsh corgi amakhala ndi zaka 13.
Mbusa waku Hungary
Mtunduwu umadzitamandira mizu yazaka mazana ambiri komanso banja lodziwika bwino. Mwinanso wosakanizidwa ndi agalu akuda achi Black Sea ndi mimbulu. Sanasankhe zochita kupanga. Mtunduwo uli ndi dzina lachiwiri - Mtsogoleri. Mwinanso lochokera ku mawu achi Italiya nzimbe, omwe angamasuliridwe ngati galu wolamula, galu wamkulu, mfumu ya agalu.
Nyama ndi yayitali: mpaka masentimita 80. Koma kukula kwake kumalemera pang'ono: mpaka 60 kg. Galu ali ndi mafupa opepuka, omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kunyamula. Chovala cha Komondor ndichakuda komanso chachitali, chopindika kukhala zingwe ndi zotchinga. Galu ndi wodekha, wophunzitsidwa bwino, wodzipereka kwa mwini wake.
M'busa waku East Europe
Mwachidwi, ngati galu wantchito, idasinthidwa ku USSR. Kuyesera koyamba koyamba kunachitika m'ma 1930. Agalu oyera abusa adachotsedwa ku Germany, pamtundu wawo mtundu watsopano udapangidwa. Choyambirira ndi chopangidwa mitundu ya abusa pachithunzichi ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Galu amakula mpaka 70 cm, ndikulemera mpaka 60 kg. Ziphuphu zimakhala zowala kwambiri komanso zazing'ono kuposa amuna. Zotsatira zakusankhidwa, munthu wokhazikika, wokangalika, wotsimikiza mtima osakhulupirira konse adapangidwa.
Agalu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati agalu othandizira. Paudindowu, adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku USSR. Iwo ankachita nawo chitetezo m'malire, kufufuza ntchito. Ankateteza katundu wa anthu komanso mtendere wa nzika.
Agalu Aubusa aku Caucasus
Makolo a galu awa ndi akale, agalu akulu - moloss. Nyengo yatsopano isanafike, gulu lankhanza la Asuri lidagwiritsa ntchito agalu ngati agalu ankhondo. Mitunduyi idapangidwa m'ma 1920. Odyetsa anayamba kukonza zomwe chilengedwe chimapatsa Agalu Aubusa aku Caucasus.
Kutalika kwa masentimita 75 ndichizolowezi cha galu ameneyu, amatha kulemera mpaka 100 kg kapena kupitilira apo. Chovalacho ndi cholimba ndi malaya amkati ambiri. Galu amawoneka wovuta kwambiri. Mtundu wokhala ndi chidziwitso, umafunika chidwi ndi maphunziro abwino.
M'busa waku Germany
Dziko lakwawo la galu ndi kumwera kwa Germany. Mtunduwo umapangidwa ngati wosakanizidwa ndi agalu oweta ambiri aku Germany. Ntchito yoswana inatha zaka 120 zapitazo. Ntchito yayikulu yopeza galu, kuyang'anira mwaluso ndikuweta ziweto, idakwaniritsidwa.
Mitundu m'busa waku Germany pali tsitsi lalitali komanso lalifupi. Mabaibulo onsewa ndi aakulu kukula. Kulemera kosapitilira 40 kg, kutalika - masentimita 65. Popita nthawi, ntchito za abusa zasowa. Galu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, adayamba kufufuza, chitetezo. Wakhala mnzake wabwino.
Galu wapakati waku Asia
Mitundu iwiri yachilengedwe - Alabai ndi Tobet - imatha kukhala chifukwa cha mtunduwu. Mtunduwo ndi chifukwa cha kusankha kwachilengedwe. Zasinthika kwazaka zambiri ngati wosakanizidwa wa agalu osiyanasiyana oweta ndi kumenyana. Ku Turkmenistan, alabai amawerengedwa kuti ndi chuma chamtunduwu.
Agalu ndi amphamvu ndi mafupa olimba. Amalemera makilogalamu 50, kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Ziphuphu ndizochepa. Kumalo kumene agalu amawetedwa, mawonekedwe awo omenyera amasungidwa. M'mbuyomu, mwina ngakhale pano, ndewu za nkhandwezi zimachitika kuti adziwe mtundu wawo.
M'busa wakale wachingelezi
Adakhalako limodzi ndi alimi aku Britain kuyambira kale. M'mbuyomu, ku England, msonkho wa agalu unkalipiridwa molingana ndi kutalika kwa mchira. Kuti apulumutse ndalama, agalu abusawa adadulidwa, motero dzina lachiwiri - bobtail. Mitunduyi idadziwika m'nthawi ya Victoria.
Galu ndi wolimba, osati wamtali kwambiri: mpaka masentimita 54. Wophimbidwa ndi ubweya wamphumphu wokhala ndi chovala chakuda chakuda. Chovala chambiri chowoneka bwino chimapangitsa galu kukula. Monga agalu onse omwe akhala akugwirira ntchito ndi anthu kwazaka zambiri, ma bobtails ali ndi luntha lotsogola, wodzipereka. amatha kukhala ngati wotetezera komanso ngakhale namwino.
M'busa wachi France
Achifalansa ali ndi mitundu 14 yofanana ndi dzikolo. Abusa odziwika kwambiri achi France ndi Briard. Ankayang'anira nkhosa kumapiri kwa zaka zambiri. Zolemba zoyambirira zofotokozera ma Briards zidayamba m'zaka za zana la 12th. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, mtundu woyamba wovomerezeka wazovomerezeka udavomerezedwa.
Galu amakula mpaka masentimita 68. Kulemera sikofotokozedwa ndi muyezo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti chinyama chikuwoneka chogwirizana. Tsitsi lalitali lokhala ndi chovala chamkati chofewa chimakwirira thupi lonse, kuyambira mphuno mpaka mchira. Kuwonekera kwa agalu abusa yothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya. Galu wamakhalidwe abwino, womvera, wophunzitsidwa bwino. Atha kukhala mbusa, mlonda, mnzake, wowongolera.
M'busa woyera waku Switzerland
M'zaka zapitazi, agalu oyera abusa atchuka ku North America. Kuchokera pamenepo adafika ku Europe, komwe agalu oyera amaweta mozama. Ngakhale adachokera ku America, mtunduwu umalembetsedwa ngati Swiss Shepherd Dog ndi FCI.
Agalu amafika pa 67 cm atafota, 40 kg - kulemera kwake kwakukulu. Pafupifupi, nyamazi zimakhala zochepa pang'ono komanso zopepuka. Muyeso umazindikira tsitsi lalifupi komanso lalitali mitundu ya agalu abusa... Koma pakhoza kukhala mtundu umodzi wokha wa chivundikirocho - choyera. Agalu amakhala osunthika, osachita nkhanza, othamanga mwachangu komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Khalani mpaka zaka 13.
Collie
Ophatikizidwa mgulu la mtundu wa collie. Amachokera kumpoto kwa England, Scotland. Scottish Shepherd ndi amodzi mwa mitundu isanu yotchuka kwambiri. Zambiri za agalu abusawa zitha kupezeka muzolemba za XIV. Pofika zaka za zana la 17, mtunduwo unali utapangidwa mokwanira. Mitundu iwiri ya agalu imadziwika: tsitsi lalitali komanso lalifupi.
Scottish Shepherd sinyama yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwakukulu - 61 cm, kulemera - 30 kg. Scottish Collie akadali kudyetsa nkhosa m'maiko ambiri, ndipo mitundu ina ya abusa idachokera kwa iwo. Koma, chifukwa cha kufulumira kwamatsenga, chikhalidwe chofatsa, nthawi zambiri amayamba kusewera ngati anzawo.
M'busa waku South Russia
Mitunduyi idapangidwa ndi waku Germany waku Germany Friedrich Falz-Fein. Ntchito yosankha idachitika mu nkhokwe ya Askania-Nova, yomwe adayambitsanso. Pofika 1945, zitsanzo zochepa zokha zidatsalira pa ziweto zonse. Pakutha kwa zaka zana, chiwerengerocho chidabwezeretsedwanso.
Magawo: kulemera - makilogalamu 40, kutalika - masentimita 65. Ziphuphu ndizotsika 5 cm kuposa amuna. Mafupa ndi olimba, koma osati olemera. Chovalacho chimagawidwa mofanana pa thupi. Kutalika kwa tsitsi osachepera masentimita 9. Chovala chamkati chokwanira. Galu amawoneka wowopsa. Amagwira ntchito yolondera mwaluso.
Mitundu yambiri ya abusa
M'madera ambiri, njira zoweta ziweto sizikondedwa. Kutsatira izi, agalu abusa sanatchulidwe. Makhalidwe abwinobwino kapena kukula kwake sanalole kuti aliyense asinthe ntchito yake, chifukwa, mitundu yambiri ya agalu oweta idasowa.
- Alentezhskaya galu m'busa. Galu wamkulu, adachokera ku Portugal ku Middle Ages.
- Afghan Shepherd kapena Koche. Mtundu wa agalu akulu oweta ziweto. Malo awo akulu ogwirira ntchito ali m'malo odyetserako ziweto a mapiri a Irani Highlands, Afghanistan.
- Mbusa Waku Basque. Amathandiza abusa kumpoto kwa Spain. Zimaganiziridwa kuti mtunduwo ndi wosakanizidwa wachilengedwe wa Agalu Akuluakulu Akuluakulu aku Central Europe.
- Agalu Aubusa a Bohemian. Aboriginal mitundu yakumadzulo kwa Bohemia. Pakadali pano, imaweta kwambiri oweta aku Czech. Adalandira kuzindikira koyambirira kwa bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi la omwe amagwira galu.
- Buryat Mbusa Agalu. Mitundu yosankhidwa mwachilengedwe. Zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira kalekale. Dzina la Buryat ndi banhar. M'zaka zapitazi, idasowa pafupifupi kwathunthu.
- Moody, galu woweta ku Hungary. Malongosoledwe oyamba amtundu wa mudi adawonekera mu Middle Ages. M'zaka zapitazi, zidapitilira nyengo yakuchepa. Tsopano kuchuluka kwa galu wolimba mtima uyu akubwezeretsedwa.
- Herder, Mbusa Wachi Dutch. Mitundu yolemekezeka. Idavomerezedwa mwalamulo m'zaka za zana la 19. Malinga ndi utali ndi ubweya waubweya, udagawika mitundu itatu.
- Chapendois, M'busa Wachi Dutch. Mtundu wa abusa wakale. M'zaka zapitazi, zidatha. Gulu laling'ono limathandizidwa ndi okonda.
- Agalu achi Greek. Kupirira, mawonekedwe ena akuthupi ndiabwino kwambiri, koma amakonda kupsa mtima. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa ziwetozi.
- Nagazi. Galu wamapiri waku Georgia. Mitundu yakale. Nthawi yomwe idawonekera imadziwika kuti idayamba chisanadze Chikhristu. Galu ndi wamkulu (mpaka 75 kg), wokhala ndi machitidwe oteteza kwambiri.
- Wankhondo. M'busa Wachiigupto. Maonekedwe amtunduwu amakhudzana ndi kuwukira kwa Napoleon ku Egypt. Abusa aku France, omwe adafika ndi asitikali, osakanikirana ndi agalu achiaborigine - mtundu wosadziwika wa Armant udawonekera.
- M'busa wa ku Iceland. Zikuwoneka ngati Spitz waku Finland. Kupezeka ku Iceland. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zoweta, nthawi zambiri amakhala mnzake.
- Mbusa waku Italiya. Omera m'madera a Italy Maremma ndi Abruzzo. Mtundu wokhala ndi mbiri yakale kuyambira zaka mazana ambiri. Idapangidwa kwathunthu kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th. Kunja ndi mawonekedwe a galu woweta.
- Galu Wabusa Wachikatalani. Zidawoneka ndikupangidwa ku Pyrenees. Ku Spain, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse.
- Galu Abusa a Krashskaya. Mwa chifuniro cha tsogolo, agalu akuluakulu a ku Molossian adathera ku Slovenia, pafupi ndi mapiri a Krasa. A Molossians amapanga abusa abwino. Mitunduyi idavomerezedwa mwalamulo mu 1939.
- Hottosho, Galu wa Mbusa wa ku Mongolia. Chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zaku Mongolia, Buryat. Chiyambi chadzaza ndi nthano. Amapezeka ku Mongolia, Trans-Baikal Territory, Buryatia. Nyama yamphamvu. Chodziwika ndi Mgwirizano Wogwirizira Agalu ku Russia.
- Norway Bukhund. Galu wam'munda wodziwika kuyambira zaka za zana la 17. Mitunduyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Norwegian Shepherd kapena Laika. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi ma huskies ena akumpoto.
- Mbusa Wachi Croatia. Chidziwitso choyamba chokhudza agalu abusa awa chidawonekera m'zaka za XIV. Ngakhale idakhala yakale, sinalandidwebe. Sizichitika kunja kwa Croatia. Nyamayo ndi yamphamvu, yathanzi labwino komanso yopanda ulemu.
