Agalu ambiri amawonetsa mkhalidwe wabwino kwa abwenzi, akulu ndi ana, malingaliro osakwiya a alendo. M'dziko lathu, pali mndandanda wovomerezeka mwalamulo wa agalu owopsa, achiwawa. Mulinso mitundu 12 ndi mestizo zochokera m'mitunduyi.
Palibe mndandanda wa mitundu yosakhala yankhanza, yabwino. Nthawi zambiri, agalu okoma mtima amakhala anzawo. Nyama izi zimakonda mamembala onse am'banja; nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosamalira ana. Kuphatikiza pa kugwira ntchito ngati mnzake, agalu oterewa ali ndi ntchito zomwe kukoma mtima ndi kupirira zimabwera patsogolo.
Kuyambira nthawi ya Hippocrates amadziwika kuti agalu okoma mtima kufulumizitsa kuchira kwa odwala. Tsopano zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda amthupi ndi akulu mwa akulu ndi ana. Kuphatikiza pa canistherapy, pali malo ogwiritsira ntchito agalu pomwe kukoma mtima kumachita gawo lalikulu - awa ndi owongolera ndi opulumutsa.
Agalu okoma mtima ndi anzawo abwino kwambiri kwa anthu
St. Bernard
Mwala umodzi waukulu kwambiri. Nyama zazikulu zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 70-92 cm zikufota zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 65 mpaka 120. Oyambirira a St. Bernards adapezeka ku Alps, munyumba ya amonke yomwe ili pa Great St. Bernard Pass. Nyama zomwe zimayika maziko amtunduwu zinali zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa masiku ano. Agalu adalandira maphunziro a amonke, ma novice ndi amonke amawaphunzitsa kuthandiza apaulendo, kusaka, ngakhale pansi pa chipale chofewa, kwa anthu omwe akusowa.
Timachita ntchito zabwino. Mmodzi mwa oimira mtunduwo adadzipatsa ulemu. Anakhala chizindikiro chothandiza anthu m'mapiri. Adapulumutsa anthu osachepera 40. Galu dzina lake anali Barry, kutanthauza kuti chimbalangondo. Mutu wolemera, thupi lamphamvu, komanso zovuta zina, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amawoneka.
Barry adapanga mtunduwu kukhala wotchuka. Iye anatuluka m'makoma a amonke, anayamba kukula monga obereketsa. Kusankhidwa kumeneku kudalunjikitsidwa pakukulitsa nyama. Saint Bernards adakumana ndi ma mastiffs akulu. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, kukula kwakukulu kunafika.
Kutali kwambiri kwa St. Bernard kudalembedwa mu 1895. Thupi lake kuyambira kumapeto kwa mphuno mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira linali mita 2.59. Mu 1981, St. Bernard, yotchedwa Benedictine V Schwarzwald Hof, adalowa m'buku la mbiri. Kulemera kwake kunali 143 kg. Nyama izi mwina sizokulirapo zokha, komanso agalu okoma mtima kwambiri.
Khalidwe la agalu silinasinthe. Chibadwa cha mastiffs, kudzera m'mitsempha yake magazi a agalu ankhondo mu Ufumu wa Roma adayendayenda, sizinapangitse a St. Bernards kukhala ouma mtima. A Bernards nthawi zina amapatsidwa ntchito yolondera, koma si akatswiri olondera kapena oteteza. Ntchito zosaka, zopulumutsa za nyama zolemera zamasiku ano zakhalanso zazikulu kwambiri kwa iwo.
Koposa zonse, St. Bernards amalimbana ndi udindo wa anzawo. M'mafulemu am'mizinda, ngakhale akuluakulu, St. Bernards ndi ochepa. Nyumba zazing'ono, nyumba zakumidzi, madera akumidzi - ngati izi, St. Bernards adzatsagana mosangalala ndi anthu osungulumwa kapena banja lalikulu lalikulu.
Newfoundland
Newfoundlands ndi agalu ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Kukula kwa amuna otukuka kumbuyo kumbuyo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 70. Kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi 70 kg. Mapazi 3-5 cm kutsika ndi 15 kg opepuka. Dziko lakwawo la agalu likuwonetsedwa mu dzina lawo - ichi ndi chilumba cha Newfoundland. Agalu ankagwira ntchito limodzi ndi asodzi pachilumba, kukoka mabwato, kutulutsa maukonde, kuwonera ana m'mbali mwa nyanja, amatha kutulutsa munthu womira.
Kugwira ntchito molimbika, ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kufunika kochita zinthu palokha, kupezeka pafupipafupi pamadzi kumalimbitsa thupi ndi minofu, ndikupanga psyche yokhazikika, ndikupanga nzeru za agalu. Zowonjezera pa izi ndi magwero ovuta a Newfoundlands.
Anthu aku Europe adadziwa za mtunduwu m'zaka za zana la 18. Otsatsa aku Britain apanga mtunduwu, alimbitsa mikhalidwe yake yabwino kwambiri. Mu 1878, Newfoundland yoyamba idalembedwa mu Kennel Club ya Great Britain.
Newfoundland anali galu wokondedwa wa wolemba ndakatulo Byron. Sizodabwitsa. Agalu ali ndi kukoma mtima kwapadera, kumalire ndi kuwolowa manja. Newfoundlands ndi olimba mtima, amateteza ofooka ndi ana, osawonetsa mkwiyo. Pamenepo, mtundu wanji wa galu ndi wokoma mtima mosakayikira ndi Newfoundland.
Ku Soviet Union, Newfoundland yoyamba yoyera idawonekera mu mphete yowonetsera mu 1970. Anali galu wotchedwa Gin von d. Hudson Bay. Ngakhale, pogwiritsa ntchito majini a Newfoundlands, galu wosinthira ku Moscow adapangidwa ku Union. Ntchito yoswana yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira 1940. Mosiyanasiyana a Moscow sanadutse satifiketi ndipo sanakhale mtundu. Tsopano agalu awa aiwalika.
Labrador Retriever
Ma labradors ndi agalu apakatikati okhala ndi zolimba zomanga. Kulemera ndi kukula kwa amuna ndi akazi kumasiyana pang'ono. Nyama zazikulu zimalemera 27-40 kg. Kutalika kuchokera pansi mpaka kufota sikupitilira masentimita 57. Labradors amachokera ku agalu obweretsedwa ku England kuchokera pachilumba cha Newfoundland. Kholo lawo ndi otchedwa "Newfoundland pang'ono".
Akuluakulu aku Britain, mwa zina, anali okonda kusaka ndi kuswana pakati pa agalu. Mawerengero angapo ndi mtsogoleri m'modzi adachita ku Lobrador. Pakutha kwa zaka za zana la 19, mtundu wa agalu aluso osaka mfuti unapezeka. Awa anali a Labrador Retrievers, omwe sanasinthe zaka 100+ zapitazi.
Mutu wa Labrador ndi waukulu, ndikusintha kosiyana kuchokera pamphumi mpaka mphuno. Palibe milomo yothina. Nsagwada ndizamphamvu, zazitali kutalika, kuluma lumo, ndikulumikizana kwathunthu kwa mano apansi ndi akumtunda. Maso ndi apakatikati. Makutu akugwera pansi. Khosi lolimba, lapakatikati limakhazika mutu pamutu.
Torso limakwanira pamakona anayi. Chifuwacho ndi champhamvu, chakuya, m'chifuwa chachikulu, ziwalo zamkati sizopanikizika. Izi zimathandizira kuti galu azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kupirira. Chiuno ndi cholimba. Mchirawo ndi wofanana ndi msinkhu wa galu ukafota. Wonenepa m'munsi, akugwira pang'onopang'ono.
Si pachabe kuti Labrador ndi ya gulu la omwe amatenga; ndimasewera abwino kwambiri. Labradors ali ndi kamwa yotchedwa yofewa. Amapereka mbalame yowombera kwa mlenje. Zimagwira bwino pamasewera achithaphwi ndi okwera. Labrador imatha kukweza mbalameyi, ikubisala bwino kwambiri kotero kuti mitundu ina ya agalu silingapeze.
Momwe mizinda ikukulira, Labradors, m'malo mwa osaka, amakhala anzawo kapena amaphatikiza onse awiri. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kufatsa, kudzipereka, luntha, kulimba kwa galu. Ma Labradors amaphunzitsidwa kuti akhale owongolera abwino kwambiri akhungu. Amatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri pamachiritso, pomwe amachiritsa oleza mtima kwambiri.
Kubweza golide
Golden kapena Golden Retriever ndi galu wosaka pang'ono pang'ono. Amuna amalemera makilogalamu 27 mpaka 41, akazi ndi opepuka - kuyambira 25 mpaka 37 kg. Galu amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 61, kakang'ono kosaposa masentimita 56. Uku ndiye kutalika kwazitali zazinyama zikamafota malinga ndi mtundu wa mtundu.
Golden Retriever imapangidwa ku Scotland. Pali zolemba za agalu omwe amakhala kuyambira 1835 mpaka 1890 m'banja la Lord Tweedmouth. Chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino kwambiri m'manja, kuthekera kokweza masewera, kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, alenje aku Scotland ndi England adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi nyama. Galu amaphunzira bwino, amaphunzira njira zosakira mosavuta, amakonda madzi, amasambira bwino.
Luso la kubweza golide silimangokhala pa luso losaka. Galu ndiwosangalala komanso akusewera kuyambira ali mwana mpaka ukalamba. Ndi kudzipereka kwa eni ndi abale awo. Amavomereza kuzunzidwa kwa ana aang'ono mosakwiya.
Mwanzeru, kuzindikira mosamala alendo. Ndiye kuti, galu akapanda kukasaka, amachita mosangalala ntchito za mnzake. Kubwezeretsanso kwathunthu komanso golide makamaka - agalu okoma mtima kwambiri... Chifukwa cha kupirira kwachilengedwe komanso kukoma mtima, Golden Retriever ndiyabwino ngati Labrador pokhala wowongolera kapena wothandizira.
Muyenera kuyenda kwambiri ndi galu wanu, apo ayi Golden Retrievers atha kutaya mawonekedwe ndikuyamba kunenepa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira osati dongosolo lokha loyenda, komanso kalori yazakudya. Chilakolako cha Golden Retrievers nthawi zonse chimakhala chabwino, mwina chifukwa cha chisangalalo chawo.
Collie
Collie ndi galu woweta m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'nthawi yathu ino, kuchokera kumalo odyetserako ziweto ku England ndi Scottish, collie wasamukira kuzinyumba zanyumba ndi nyumba zamatawuni. Galu samangokhala gawo la mnzake. Mbalameyi imadyetserabe nkhosa ku North America ndi Australia. Mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa nyama zogwira ntchito zosakanikirana ndi agalu achiaborijini.
Galu wamtali wapakatikati ndi wopepuka, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a "nkhandwe". Kulemera kwake sikupitilira 32 kg. Nyama zimakongoletsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ubweya wautali nthawi zambiri umapezeka wofiira ndi khungu lakuda komanso lowala. Chokongoletsa chowoneka ndi kolala yoyera. Mitundu yakuda kapena yamtambo siachilendo.
N'zovuta kutchula zenizeni za galu. Popeza collie siimodzi, koma mitundu ingapo yodziwika komanso yosadziwika. Kuphatikiza pa chibadwa, iwo ndi ogwirizana chifukwa ndi chomwecho Mitundu yochenjera komanso yokoma mtima... Ponena za ma collies, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza:
- Scottish Shepherd Galu - amapezeka m'mitundu iwiri: tsitsi lalifupi komanso lalitali.
- Sheltie ndi kope kakang'ono ka collie.
- Border Collie - Mtundu uwu umadyetsabe nkhosa. Adakhala oyamba pamndandanda wa agalu anzeru kwambiri.
- Bearded Collie ndi galu wamkulu, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta nkhosa.
- A Australia Shepherd ndi galu wolimbikira ntchito komanso wanzeru yemwe anabadwira ku USA.
- Mitundu ina yamakolo.
Chiyambi cha Rustic ndikugwira ntchito molimbika sikunapangitse mtunduwo kukhala ouma mtima. Collie ndi galu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro okoma mtima, psyche wokhazikika komanso nzeru zapamwamba za canine. Ali m'gulu la agalu khumi ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri.
Moyo wa Shepherd waphunzitsa agalu kukhala opsinjika kwambiri, pomwe akugwira ntchito ngati mnzake, galu amafunika kuyenda, kuthamanga, kulumpha, kusewera, ndi zochitika zina zofananira. Chifukwa chake, collie sioyenera kukhala pafupi ndi achikulire kapena anthu omwe amangokhala. Koma m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ana akukula, collie ndiyothandiza kwambiri.
Kudya
Mayiwo amapangidwira kusaka komanso kukhutiritsa zachabechabe zaumunthu. Mitunduyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu 4 ya nyama:
- chachikulu, chovomerezeka kapena chachifumu,
- sing'anga kapena yaying'ono poodle,
- kakang'ono kakang'ono,
- poizoni.
Katemera wamkulu amakula mpaka 60 cm atafota, choseweretsa chidole chimakhala chocheperako masentimita 28. Zina zonse zimakhala pakati. FCI imalongosola mitundu ya poodle muyezo umodzi. Miyezo yamtundu imapereka mitundu isanu ya malaya:
- zoyera,
- wakuda,
- bulauni,
- imvi,
- fawn (wonyezimira wachikasu).
Mtundu wa tsitsi la galu ukhoza kukhala wamitundu iwiri: wopotana komanso wamtundu wa zingwe (zotchinga) Galu wofanana ndi poodle wamkulu amapezeka pazithunzi za ojambula za m'zaka za zana la 16. M'zaka za zana la 18, mtunduwo udapangidwa. Zakudya zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'nyumba zapamwamba. Izi zikuwonekera pazithunzi za Francisco Goya. Zolembera zoseweretsa zidalipo pafupi ndi Louis XVI.
Kuphatikiza pa kukhala m'nyumba za anthu olemera, ma poodle adagwira ntchito: amatenga nawo mbali pakusaka nyama, makamaka madzi; nthawi zina amadyetsa nkhosa. Mpaka pano, m'malo ena, poodle imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati galu wamfuti. Ntchito yayikulu yakudyayi inali yoti akhale mnzake.
Zakudyazi, mitundu yonse 4, agalu ndi anzeru, osavuta kuphunzitsa komanso osachita nkhanza. Ubweya wonenepa, muubweya wopotana komanso wopindika, umapatsa wometa tsitsi galu mwayi wowonetsa maluso awo. Makhalidwe abwino, anzeru komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, opititsidwa patsogolo ndi ma stylist, adatsogolera agalu kubwalo lamasewera ndi makanema. Mitengo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimajambulidwa kawirikawiri.
Basset Pafupifupi
Galu wamiyendo yayifupi, wamiyendo, oddly mokwanira, ndi a hound. Kale m'zaka za zana la 16, agalu ofananawo amapezeka ku France. Kutenga nawo gawo pakutsata ndi kuthamangitsa hares inali ntchito yayikulu ya Basset. Pamasuliridwe olondola, dzina la galu limamveka ngati kansalu kakang'ono, kotsalira.
Bassetts ali ndi mitu yayikulu, yaifupi-miyendo, agalu atali ndi michira ya saber. Nyama zili ndi msana wolemera. Pali khungu lowonekera pamaso. Kutsamira, khungu limapangitsa galu kuwoneka wachisoni. Koma makutu ndi masaya akulendewera amakhala ndi cholinga. Amakhulupirira kuti chikopacho chimapanga fungo lomwe limachokera, ndikulitsogolera pamphuno za galu.
Ngakhale amakhala osawoneka bwino, ma Basset ali ndi chidwi ndipo amakonda kusuntha. Amagwirizana bwino m'nyumba yanyumba, koma mabassets amafuna kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi chilengedwe. Amasangalala kusewera ngati anzawo. Kulekerera ana ndi ziweto zina.
Kusaka magazi
Galu wamkulu wa hound. Poyamba idkagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka agwape ndi nkhumba zakutchire. Anatsata osati nyama zokha, komanso anthu. Amakhulupirira kuti pansi pamtunduwu pali ma hound omwe amakhala ku Belgian abbey ku Saint-Hubert mzaka za XIII. Ku Europe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Saint-Tuber hound.
Amuna amakula mpaka masentimita 68, akazi - mpaka 62. Agalu amalemera. Amuna amalemera mpaka makilogalamu 54, akazi - mpaka 48 kg. Mphamvu yakumva fungo imalumikizidwa pakukula kwakukulu ndi misa yabwino. Zotsatira zake, mbiri yonse ya galu ndi ntchito kwa anthu. Ma bloodhound amasakidwa, kusakidwa, ndikuperekezedwa ndi anthu.
Moyo wazaka mazana pafupi ndi munthu udapangitsa psyche ya galu kukhala yolimba kwambiri. Ma bloodhound ndi olimbikira ntchito komanso odzaza ndi chiyembekezo, ngakhale mawonekedwe achisoni m'maso mwawo, omwe amapangidwa ndi khungu lomwe likugwedezeka pankhope zawo. Bloodhound adagawana makutu ake opindika komanso zikopa zochulukirapo ndi Basset Hound. Nkhope zawo ndi ofanana kwambiri.
Bichon Frize
Agalu okoma amitundu yaying'ono - awa, choyambirira, ndi Bichons. Izi zikuphatikiza Bichon Frize. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku French, dzina lawo limamveka ngati lopindika, lopindika. Kukula kwa amuna ndi zinsalu sikudutsa masentimita 29. Onsewa amalemera pafupifupi 5 kg.
Agalu ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu amakhala m'madoko aku Mediterranean, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatumikiridwa ngati makoswe pazombo. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe amtunduwu adapangidwa popita ndi kuswana ndi agalu ena ang'onoang'ono. Pamaulendo apanyanja, a Bichon Frize adakumana ndi olemekezeka aku Italiya, omwe galuyo adakhala nawo msanga.
Pokhala wokondedwa kwambiri ndi olemera, a Bichon Frize sanataye kulimba mtima kwawo kwachilengedwe, mtima wosangalala komanso kuyenda. Galu ndiwophunzitsidwa bwino, amatha kukhala cholengedwa chowonongeka, koma samakhala wankhanza. Bichon Frize, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, amakwana bwino m'nyumba yanyumba. Amaphunzitsidwa bwino zinyalala. Khalidwe losangalala ndi changu zimafunikira kuyenda pafupipafupi.
Chimalta
Agalu amtunduwu ndi gawo la gulu la Bichon. Izi agalu okoma pachithunzichi Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi otchuka. Dzina lawo lachiwiri ndi Chimatisi. Zachitika, monga dzina limanenera, ku Mediterranean. Galu, chifukwa chodziwika, ali ndi mayina ambiri: galu wa azimayi achiroma, Malta Terrier, Melita (dzina lakale la Malta).
Agalu amakula mpaka 20-25 cm ndipo amalemera ochepera 4 kg. Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamitundu yolemera. Spitz, Tibetan Terriers amawerengedwa kuti ndiye gwero lalikulu la mtunduwo, koma galu sanadziwike kwenikweni. Chidule cha galu wofanana ndi lapdog wapano wa ku Malta adapezeka pa amphora yachi Greek kuyambira 500 BC.
Amakhulupirira kuti galu woyambayo anali wogwira makoswe. Kuyambira zaka za zana la 18, galu wakhala akuchita zokongoletsa zokha. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito yakhala ikugwiridwa pochepetsa kukula kwa galu ndikusintha malaya ake. Tsitsi laubweya wa ma lapdogs aku Malta ndi lalitali, lowongoka. Pasakhale undercoat. Azungu okha ndi omwe amaloledwa.
Mpaka ukalamba, azisudzo aku Malta amakhalabe achimwemwe komanso osewera. Amakhala ngati anzawo. Nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi mwiniwake.Koma galu wosamalidwa bwino samatha kumvetsetsa ana. Agalu amatha kulankhula kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zomwe, mwachitsanzo, ku Australia, amakhala oyamba pakati pa agalu osiyidwa.
Pomeranian
Galu ameneyu, yemwe kwawo kumadziwika kuti ndi Pomerania, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa spitz yaying'ono, yaying'ono. M'magwero olankhula Chingerezi, amatchedwa Dwarf-Spitz kapena Toy Spitz. Ndi galu kakang'ono, masentimita 20 okha amafota. Kulemera kwake sikungopitirira 3 kg. Mitundu ya agalu okoma ya ana, mwina akutsogozedwa ndi galu uyu.
Spitz yaying'ono kwambiri iyi idawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th. Olima ku Britain anali ofunitsitsa kupeza galu wamng'ono kwambiri, ndipo anali nawo. Galu anawonekera atatsekeka pakamwa, "nkhandwe", maso ooneka ngati amondi, thupi lopindidwa bwino komanso mchira wofewa, womwe agaluwo amaugwira kumbuyo kwawo.
Ubweya wa Spitz ndi wautali, wonyezimira. Mulingo wamtunduwu umalola mitundu 11 ya ubweya, koma salandira tsitsi la galu. Kukongoletsa kokha, kudula tsitsi lalitali kwambiri kumawerengedwa kuti ndikololedwa. Pomeranian ali ngati chidole chaubweya. Khalidwe la galu si choseweretsa.
Pomeranian ndi wokonda kukhala wolimba mtima, wolimba mtima, koma osati wankhanza. Zimadzipereka bwino ku maphunziro. Amakonda kuyenda, kuyenda. Amakonda kusewera ndi ana. Galu kuyambira ali mwana, atazunguliridwa ndi chidwi, koma osawonongeka, amakula kukhala mnzake wabwino.
