Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amapatsa akangaude zida zodabwitsa. Pakati pa ma arthropod ambiri padziko lapansi kangaude wa karakurt wotchuka kwambiri. Mphamvu ya poizoni wa nyama zachilendo imaposa poizoni wa njoka zowopsa kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbiri ya kangaude, chifukwa cha zochitika mu amber yozizira, imabwerera zaka 300 miliyoni zapitazo. Dzinalo limatanthauza "nyongolotsi yakuda", yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi mtundu wakuthupi wakuthupi, kutha kuyenda msanga.
Thupi la akangaude owopsa ndi ozungulira. Zoyipa zakugonana zimatchulidwa. Karakurt wamkazi ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamwamuna, thupi lake lokhala ndi mwendo ndi pafupifupi 2.5 cm m'litali, amunawo ndi ocheperako - 6-7 mm okha. Magulu anayi amiyendo ali mbali zonse ziwiri za thunthu. Tara awiri apakati atali okutidwa ndi tsitsi. Magulu awiri oyamba ndi omaliza amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwakutali kwambiri.
Karakurt wamphongo ndi wocheperako kuposa wamkazi, ndipo kuluma kwake sikowopsa kwa munthu.
Mtundu wa akangaude amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mawanga ofiira kapena lalanje amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina pazojambula pathupi, malire oyera amawonjezeredwa pamalo aliwonse. Karakurt pachithunzichi imawoneka yokongola, ndizizindikiro zotere ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi arthropods yofananira. Akangaude akatha msinkhu, mabala owala mthupi amatha, kusiya mtundu wakuda wonyezimira.
Akangaude amakhala ndi mtundu wowala pakukula. Ana obadwa kumene amakhala owonekera poyera. Ndi molt iliyonse, thupi limakhala lakuda, ndipo mabwalo oyera pamimba amakhuta ndi zofiira. Nthawi zambiri molt imachitika, kangaude amakula msanga. Mlingo wa chitukuko umakhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya cha nyamakazi.
Kukula msanga kumabweretsa ma molts 6 kapena 7, pambuyo pake amuna amayambitsidwa kufunafuna osati chakudya, koma akazi kuti abereke. Mbali ya karakurt ndi magazi abuluu. Mtunduwo umatsimikizika osati ndi hemoglobin, monga nyama zambiri, koma ndi hemocyanin, yomwe imapereka mthunzi wosowa. Maso a kangaude amawona bwino usana ndi usiku.
Karakurt amadziwika chifukwa cha poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri, yemwe amapangidwa ndimatenda apadera. Cholinga chachikulu cha chidacho ndikuumitsa tizilombo, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ngati nyama. Akangaude amakhala m'mabowo a nyama omasuka.
Chifuwa cha kangaude chachikazi chingapangitse munthu kufa ngati samupatsa chithandizo mwachangu. Choyamba, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la ziwengo ali pachiwopsezo chazovuta. Amuna, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo pang'ono, amalephera ngakhale kuluma kudzera pakhungu la munthu.
Kangaude samawonetsa kupsa mtima ngati sichisokonezedwa ndimachitidwe osasintha. Alendo anzeru, asanagone usiku, amaika denga lapadera, lolumikizidwa pansi pa kama, kuti asalowemo akangaude. Kotero, Wolemba Crimea ndizofala pachilumbachi, pomwe apaulendo ambiri akunja amawopa kukumana ndi wokhalamo.
Kuluma sikumveka nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira za poizoni zimawoneka mkati mwa mphindi 10-15. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndikumva kupweteka pachifuwa, kumbuyo kumbuyo, pamimba. Kuledzera kwa thupi kumayambitsa spasms mu bronchi, kusanza, kupuma movutikira. Poizoni wochuluka kwambiri amapezeka nthawi yamatenda a akangaude. Nthawi zina, amakhala owopsa.
Seramu yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza kulumidwa, koma thandizo lachipatala mwadzidzidzi sizotheka nthawi zonse. Akatswiri nthawi yomweyo amatenga kulumako ndi machesi kuti awononge poyizoni yemwe analibe nthawi yolowa m'magazi. Kukula pang'ono pang'ono, mpaka 0,5 mm, kumapangitsa kuti izi zitheke kufalikira kwa poizoni.
Mwa nyama, ng'ombe, makoswe, akavalo, ndi ngamila ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri poizoni. Zokwawa, agalu, mahedgehogs samazindikira kwenikweni. Zaka zakubala kwambiri za karakurt zimabweretsa imfa ya ziweto, zotayika pakuweta ziweto.
Malo omwe kangaudeyu amakhalamo amakhala m'dera la chipululu cha Kazakhstan, madera a Kalmyk, ndi madera akumwera a Russia. Kodi karakurt amawoneka bwanji? odziwika bwino ku Altai, Central Asia, Afghanistan, North Africa.
Karakurt amapezeka m'malo ambiri ku Russia
Mitundu
Akangaude amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kawopsedwe, malo okhala, ndi mawonekedwe. Pakati pa akangaude owopsa kwambiri, kapena akangaude okhala ndi mfundo khumi ndi zitatu, pali mitundu yaku Asia ndi ku Europe. Omalizawa amadziwika ndi dzina lawo lachiwiri - Akazi amasiye aku Europe.
Karakurt ndi mkazi wamasiye wakuda. Zomwe zimapezeka mu arthropods zamtundu wamasiye wakuda zimawonetsa chidwi cha akazi kuti adye amuna atangokwatirana. Mwanjira imeneyi, kangaudeyu amapatsidwa mphamvu kuti apange ndi kuteteza gulu la mazira. Thupi lakuda lozungulira limakutidwa ndi zofiira, zomwe zilipo 13, momwe zimawona chizindikiro chachinsinsi.
Mitunduyi imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, kamene kamafalikira kudera latsamba lamadera ofunda. Kangaudeyu ndi wamphamvu nthawi 15-20 kuposa mphiri yakuda. Pofuna kuthana ndi nyamakazi zoopsa, mankhwala azakudya zam'malo amaloledwa. Karakurt Dalya ndi kangaude wakuda kwambiri. Amatha kusakanikirana ndi mitundu ya 13, yomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira ana.
Mkazi Wamasiye Wofiira. Mtundu umasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wofiira-lalanje pamwamba, wakuda pansi pamimba. Malo okhalamo ali ku USA, Florida Peninsula. Gawo lochepa logawa ndiye chifukwa chazidziwitso zosakwanira za kuchuluka kwa kawopsedwe ka mitunduyo.
Karakurt yoyera. Dzinalo limawonetsa kutayika kwa utoto wonyezimira. Mosiyana ndi abale, palibe mawanga, madontho, dongosolo. Mu kangaude wa monochromatic, mitundu yokha yokha ndiyo imasintha. Zowopsa, cephalothorax ndi zakuda kuposa thupi.
Kumbuyo kwake kuli madontho anayi amdima, zojambulazo zomwe zimapanga rectangle. Kuwopsa kwa karakurt yoyera ndikotsika kwa kangaude wakuda yemwe ali ndi poizoni. Akangaude oyera amakhala ku Central Asia, kumwera kwa Russia. Akazi amtunduwu ndi akulu kwambiri pakati pa karakurt, pali anthu mpaka masentimita 10 m'lifupi la miyendo.
Mwa njira yapaderadera yoyenda ndimakina ofikira a karakurt woyera, amatcha kangaude wovina. Omwe amamvetsera mwanjira imeneyi amatumizirana uthenga. Akangaude amakonda kukhala m'zipululu, chifukwa chake, mwachilengedwe, kukumana ndi anthu ndikosowa kwambiri.
Akangaude oyera amatha kusintha nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake amapezeka kumadera komwe kumakhala kovuta kuti abale akuda apulumuke, mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan.
White karakurt ndi kangaude woopsa kwambiri
M'dera la Eurasia, pali akangaude omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi karakurt waukali - nsomba za njoka kuchokera ku mtundu wina wamasiye, kapena akazi amasiye abodza.
Kusiyanitsa kwa utoto ndi woyera, beige, mawanga ofiira, mzere wachikaso woonda kumbuyo, mzere wofiira pamimba. Zizindikiro zofiira makulidwe a karakurt zabodza ndizo zimayambitsa chisokonezo.
Koma ma steatode siowopsa kwambiri, ngakhale pazizindikiro, zochita za poyizoni ndizofanana kwambiri ndi oimira oona. Mkazi wamasiye wonyenga atamuluma, thupi limachira pakatha masiku ochepa.
Akangaude a Steatode amafanana kwambiri ndi karakurt
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kangaudeyu amapezeka kwambiri m'malo otsetsereka ndi dzuwa a zigwa, ngalande, m'mbali mwa ngalande. Amakonda malo owonongeka, malo osungira anthu, malo olimapo, mapiri ouma, zipululu. Pamphepete mwa nyanja zamchere zamchere ndi mitsinje, pakhoza kukhala akangaude ambiri owopsa.
Kwa moyo wathunthu, karakurt imafunikira chilimwe chotalika, nthawi yophukira yofunda, yozizira pang'ono. Artropods amapewa malo athyathyathya, sankhani miyala yamiyala, ndi zokolola m'nthaka kuti zitheke bwino.
Akangaude amakopeka ndi maenje omwe adasiyidwa, zidutswa zadothi, komanso zodikirira. Karakurt wakuda Mutha kukhazikika mchipinda chothandizira, kukwera mnyumbamo, kulowa m'nyumba. Nyengo yam'madera akumwera a Russia ndi malo abwino okhala nyamakazi.
Karakurt Dalya ali ndi mtundu wakuda wolimba
Pali ma karakurt ambiri mdera la Astrakhan, Kalmykia, ku Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories. Ngati chilimwe chotentha chimachedwa, ndiye kuti akangaude amapita kumpoto, kumadera a Voronezh, Tambov. Karakurt m'chigawo cha Moscow - chodabwitsa chosowa kwambiri. Koma ndizotheka. Ndi nyengo yozizira yoyamba, onse amafa, ndipo zikopa zakumanzere pamodzi ndi ana awo zimaundana nthawi yozizira.
Akangaude owopsa amakhala akugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Mwa kuluka nthonje, ankakhazikitsa maukonde oti agwire nyama. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ntchito ya karakurt ndi mulu wosokonekera wa ulusi, mosiyana ndi akangaude a orb-web, omwe ali ndi zolondola zoluka.
Ndege yopingasa pa intaneti ndichinthu china chomwe chimapangitsa karakurt kuonekera. Chifukwa chake amapambana kwambiri kuteteza omwe akuvutika kuchokera pamwambapa - dzombe, ziwala, zoyenda pansi. Misampha ina yamithunzi imakhala misampha yowongoka.
Alendo omwe awona ukonde wokulirapo wopingasa m'miyala sayenera kumanga hema pafupi, popeza pamakhala mwayi wambiri wokumana mwangozi ndi mlenje wakupha. Akangaude nthawi zambiri sakhala oyamba kuukira. Kuluma kumatha kuchitika pomwe munthuyo sanazindikire karakurt, naponda pa chisa, nakhudza chiboo.
Pogona pa karakurt ndikosavuta kuwona ndi intaneti yoluka
Mahema akuyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira kudzera muukonde ndikutetezedwa ndi denga. Chokha wamwamuna karakurtkoma sangathe kuvulaza kwambiri. Mukamayenda, ndikofunikira kuvala nsapato ndi zovala zotseka zomwe zimateteza thupi ku zadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi zamoyo.
Simungasiye zinthu, nsapato kunja kwa hema usiku. Akangaude amawalakwitsa chifukwa chobisalira. Kuluma sikungapeweke ngati karakurt ili mkati mwa buti yomwe alendo amayika m'mawa popanda kuigwedeza. Karakurt yapoizoni achonde kwambiri, nthawi ndi nthawi kukula kwa anthu amakumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu.
Kuyambira June, amasamukira kukasaka pogona, malo oyenera kukwerana. Mwachilengedwe, akangaude amakhalanso ndi adani omwe amatha kudya karakurt osawopa poizoni. Zosasamala za poizoni, nkhumba, nkhosa, mbuzi zimaponda mahekitala onse a steppes pamodzi ndi zisa, komwe karakurt amakhala.
Abusa pambuyo pa chithandizo choterechi amamasula akavalo ndi ngamila zomwe zimamva ululu wa kangaude wodyetsa. Mavu obowola amawononga akangaude m'njira yawoyawo, kubayira mankhwala opuwala. Kumbu lomwe lakwera limapeza zikopa za karakurt kuti ziike mphutsi mwa izo. Ana a kafadala amapha akangaude opanda chitetezo. Karakurt for hedgehogs ndi chakudya chokoma. Masingano amateteza nyama kuti isalumidwe, kangaudeyo singavulaze mdani woopsa.
Zakudya zabwino
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapanga chakudya cha nyamakazi. Ukonde wogwira anthu omwe akuzunzidwa sunasiyanitsidwe ndi kukongola kwa kuphedwa, koma kukhuthala kwa ulusi sikumasiya aliyense mwayi wotuluka. Karakurt adayala maukonde pafupi ndi chisa ndikuwona msampha womata.
Nyamayo ikangolowa pa intaneti, ikufika paudzu, kangaude amathamangira kukabaya poyizoni kuti afooketse tizilombo, kukonza pang'onopang'ono minofu ya wovulalayo chifukwa cha poizoni. Ngakhale chophimba cholimba cha chitinous sichopinga kwa karakurt pakudya nyama.
Patapita kanthawi, kangaude amadyetsa wovulalayo, imayamwa matumbo ake osandulika kukhala madzi. Chipolopolocho, chomwe palibe chomwe chimatsalira, chimapachikidwa pa intaneti kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, udzudzu, ntchentche, ntchentche, May beetles, ziwala zimagwera maukonde otambasula. Dzombe, ngakhalenso mphemvu, zimakhala nyama.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Karakurt ndi achonde kwambiri. M'chaka chimodzi, mkazi amatayira mazira osachepera 1000. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuberekana kumakula, pomwe akazi amawonjezera mazira m'chigwirizano pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi theka munyengo. Nsonga zoberekera kangaude zimachitika zaka khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri kapena makumi awiri ndi zisanu zilizonse. Mitundu ya mitundu yakukula imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwawo.
Nyengo yokwanira ya nyamakazi ili mkati mwa chilimwe, ndikutentha. Pakadali pano, kayendedwe kabwino ka karakurt kayamba kufunafuna malo obisika okuluka maukonde. Amuna amamva fungo la kangaude ndi ma pheromones kuti akope chachikazi. Tsambali limagwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kokha kwa akangaude akulumikiza, amaluka m'makona otetezedwa ku kutentha.
Akazi amasiye akuda, kutsatira chibadwa chachilengedwe, amadya amuna atakwatirana, kufunafuna malo atsopano oti aziikira mazira. Malo obisalako nthawi zambiri amakhazikika pakati pa kusakhazikika kwa nthaka, m'malo osiyanasiyana, mabowo osiyidwa ndi makoswe. Amuna a karakurt amalowanso m'malo opumira, kuchokera pomwe amalowa m'nyumba za anthu.
Pakhomo lolowera, kangaudeyo amatambasula ukonde wa ulusi wolukanalukana. Mkati, amapanga clutch, amapachika ma cocoons 2-4 ndi mazira pa intaneti. Pafupi pali tsamba losakira losakira laling'ono. Kusaka kwa nkhonya kumasiyana ndi ma arthropods ena pakalibe magulu ozungulira.
Akangaude mwachangu, atatha masiku 10-15, kutengera nyengo, amabadwa, koma amakhalabe pachimfine, osasiya pogona. Choko chopangidwa ndi mkazi chimawalola kuthawa kuzizira ndikupulumuka miyezi yozizira. Choyamba, ana a karakurt amadyera m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, omwe amayikidwa m'matupi mwawo atabadwa, ndiye, kuti agwire mpaka masika otsatira, amasintha kudya anzawo.
Pambuyo pake, mwa kusankha kwachilengedwe kwamphamvu kwambiri, sikuti onse amasankhidwa, koma akangaude okha omwe adapulumuka pamayesowo. M'dzinja, mphepo yamkuntho imaphwanya ma coco kuchokera pa ulusi, ndikufalikira kudera lamapiri ndi chipululu. Chilengedwe chimathandizira kukulitsa malo okhala akangaude, kuwatumiza paulendo.
Sikuti akazi onse amatha kukhala m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri akangaude amafa, atapulumuka mwachidule amuna odyedwa. Utali wa karakurt, chifukwa chake, ndi pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Koma nyengo yotentha, nthawi yamoyo imakula kwambiri. Akangaude amakhala ndi moyo wabwino nyengo yachisanu.
Koma ngakhale kumadera ozizira ozizira, kubereka kwakukulu komanso kukula kwachangu kwa ana kumalola kukhalabe ndi kukula kwa anthu, ndipo nthawi zina kumawonjezera. Kutentha kwam'masika, chakumapeto kwa Epulo, kumalimbikitsa ana kuti asiye zikwa zawo.
Karakurt ndiochulukitsitsa, amachulukitsa masauzande pachaka.
Akangaude okhala ndi zotsalira za ukonde amawombedwa ndi mphepo. Achinyamata amayenera kudutsa magawo a chitukuko, kuti akhale olimba. Pofika pakati pa mwezi wa June pomwe m'badwo watsopanowu umatha kukhala wokhwima pogonana, wokhoza kuberekanso kwina, ngati moyo wa akangaude sukusokonezedwa ndi gulu la nkhosa ndi nkhumba zomwe zimangoponda.
Kukula kwa kangaude kumadutsa magawo angapo. Chigoba cha chitin sichimalola kukula mpaka molt yotsatira ichitike ndipo chivundikiro chatsopano, chokulirapo chimapangidwa. Amuna amakhala molts asanu ndi awiri, akazi asanu ndi anayi.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, karakurt wakhala akumenyera nkhondo kuti apulumuke, kusintha malo atsopano. Kukhoza kusiyanitsa wokhala poizoni ndi abale ake kumalola munthu kumwazikana mwamtendere naye, popanda kuvulaza onsewo.
