Musk agwape - Ichi ndi artiodactyl yaying'ono, gawo la banja losiyana la dzina lomweli. Nyama iyi idalandira dzina lake lasayansi chifukwa cha fungo lapadera - muxus, yotsekedwa ndimatenda pamimba. Malongosoledwe amtundu wa nyamayo adaperekedwa ndi K. Linnaeus. Kunja, imafanana kwambiri ndi mbawala yaying'ono yopanda nyanga, koma kapangidwe kake kamakhala pafupi ndi nswala.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Musk deer
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, azungu adamva za izi mopanda tanthauzo chifukwa cha Marco Polo, adaitcha mbawala. Kenako, patatha zaka mazana atatu, nthumwi yaku Russia ku China Siafaniy adamutchula m'kalata yake kuti ndi mbawala yaying'ono yopanda nyanga, ndipo achi Chinawo adamutcha galu wa musk. A Thomas Bell adatinso izi zoweta mbuzi. Afanasy Nikitin adalembanso m'buku lake za Indian musk deer, koma kale ngati nyama zoweta.
Musk deer, m'mbuyomu, pomwe kusaka komanso zochitika zachuma za anthu sizinakhudze malo ogawa, adapezeka kuchokera kumadera akumpoto a Yakutia, circumpolar Chukotka kupita kumadera akumwera kwa Southeast Asia. Ku Japan, mtundu uwu wawonongedwa tsopano, koma zotsalira zidapezeka kumeneko kudera la Lower Pliocene. Ku Altai, artiodactyl idapezeka kumapeto kwa Pliocene, kumwera kwa Primorye - kumapeto kwa Pleistocene.
Kanema: Musk nswala
Pali mafotokozedwe akuti mpaka 1980 adakwanitsa kusiyanitsa zazing'ono 10, koma kusiyana kochepa kunakhala chifukwa chowaphatikizira kukhala mtundu umodzi. Pali zosiyana kukula, mithunzi yamitundu. Amasiyana ndi nswala osati kokha ndi kapangidwe kake ka thupi, komanso posakhala ndi nyanga.
Musk, yomwe idapatsa nyamayi musk dzina lake lachilatini lotchedwa Moschus moschiferus, likupezeka mu gland. Mwa wamwamuna m'modzi, kuchuluka kwa ndegeyo, monga amatchulidwanso, ndi 10-20 g.Zomwe zimapangidwazo ndizovuta: ndi sera, mankhwala onunkhira, ether.
Khalidwe labwino la utsi limakhudzidwa ndi ketone ya macrocyclic ya muscone. Zolemba za musk za m'zaka za zana lachinayi, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Serapino ndi Ibn Sina, ndipo idagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala mu mankhwala aku Tibetan. Ku Iran, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zithumwa komanso pomanga mizikiti. Musk amaonedwa kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama zam'mimba
Zithunzithunzi za nyama zamtundu wa musk ndizopepuka, zokongola, koma ndi msana wokulirapo wa thupi. Izi zimalimbikitsidwa ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yamphamvu, yomwe ndi yayitali kuposa miyendo yakutsogolo. Chifuwa chopapatiza chimayikidwa kumtunda kwakanthawi. Kumbuyo kwa nyama yowotchera kuli arched ndi kukwera kumbuyo. Zala zapakati zimakhala ndi ziboda zazitali zazitali, ziboda zam'mbali zimayikidwa pansi, pafupifupi zazikulu ngati zapakati, ndipo chinyama chayima chimakhala pamenepo. Zithunzi zojambulidwa pambuyo pake zimawoneka panjira. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 16, kutalika kuchokera 85 cm mpaka 100 cm. Kutalika kwa sacrum mpaka 80 cm, ndikufota - 55-68 cm.
Khalidwe losakira pakuwoneka bwino kwa nyamayo limaperekedwa ndi khosi lalifupi lokhazikika, lomwe lovekedwa ndi mutu wawung'ono, wokongola, wamtali. Makutu atali osunthika amakhala ozungulira kumapeto, maso ndi akulu. Dera lozungulira mphuno zakuda ndilopanda kanthu. Amuna amakhala ndi mayini ataliatali otalika ngati 10 masentimita. Amakhala achidule mwa akazi, chifukwa chake amakhala osawoneka. Mchira wawung'ono suwonekeranso, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lochepa, mwa anyamata achimuna ndi achikazi ndiwowonda, ndipo mwa akulu umakhala wolimba komanso wandiweyani, koma wopanda tsitsi.
Tsitsili ndi loluka komanso lalitali, mozungulira pang'ono. M'chigawo cha sacrum, tsitsili limafikira pafupifupi masentimita 10. Ndi lalifupi pakufota (6.5 cm), laling'ono kwambiri mbali ndi pamimba, komanso lalifupi kwambiri m'khosi ndi kumutu. Tsitsi ndi lopepuka komanso losakanikirana: lowala m'munsi, kenako imvi ndi utoto wofiirira, ndiye mtundu uwu umasanduka bulauni, ndipo nsonga yake imakhala yakuda. Ena a iwo ali ndi chizindikiro chofiira pa iwo. Nyama imatulutsa kamodzi pachaka, pang'onopang'ono ikutha gawo limodzi la tsitsi lakale, ndikusintha lina.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyamayo imakhala yakuda kwambiri; imakhala yopepuka m'mbali ndi pachifuwa. M'mbali ndi kumbuyo, amathamanga m'mizere, nthawi zina amaphatikizana ndi mikwingwirima, mawanga achikasu. Mzere wofiirira wowoneka bwino umawonekeranso pakhosi lofiirira, lomwe nthawi zina limasweka kukhala timadontho.
Makutu ndi mutu ndi zofiirira, tsitsi mkati mwa makutu ndi imvi, ndipo malekezero ake ndi akuda. Mzere woyera woyera wokhala ndi bulauni wotalika pakatikati umatsikira kumunsi kwa khosi. Mbali yamkati ya miyendo ndi imvi.
Kodi musk deer amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Siberia musk deer
Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zimapezeka kuchokera kumalire akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kumwera kwa China, kupatula malo okhala anthu ambiri, ku Himalaya, Burma, ku Mongolia kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa, mpaka Ulan Bator.
Ku Russia amapezeka:
- kum'mwera kwa Siberia;
- ku Altai;
- ku Far East (kupatula kumpoto chakum'mawa);
- pa Sakhalin;
- ku Kamchatka.
Madera onsewa akukhala mofanana, pali malo omwe chilombochi sichipezeka, zimadalira mtunda, zomera, kuyandikira nyumba komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Nyamayi imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zamapiri a coniferous, pomwe ma spruce, fir, mkungudza, paini ndi larch zimamera. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi malo omwe mapiri amaphulika, pomwe nyama zowuluka zimatha kuthawa nyama zolusa m'mbali mwa miyala. Ngakhale m'nkhalango zochepa, amakonda malo okhala ndi miyala. Masana, amaima ngakhale pamiyala ing'onoing'ono yamiyala kuti apumule. Amakhala m'malo otsetsereka (30-45 °) m'mapiri a Barguzin.
Kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa malowa kuli, kukwera kwamitundumitundu kumakwera m'mapiri. Ku Tibet ndi Himalaya, ndi lamba wamamita 3-3.5,000 pamwamba pamadzi. m., ku Mongolia ndi Kazakhstan - 1.3 zikwi m., Sakhalin, Sikhote-Alin - mamita 600-700. Ku Yakutia, nyamayi imakhazikika m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Kuphatikiza pa taiga, imatha kuyendayenda m'mitengo yazitsamba zamapiri, m'mitsinje ing'onoing'ono.
Kodi musk deer amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Musk deer Red Book
Ndere za ku Arboreal ndizomwe zimadya kwambiri. Mitengo iyi ya banja la Parmelia ndi ma epiphyte. Amalumikizidwa ndi zamoyo zina, koma si majeremusi, ndipo amalandira chakudya kudzera mu photosynthesis. Ndere zina zimamera pamtengo wakufa. Mwambiri, ma epiphyte amapanga 70% yazakudya zonse za artiodactyl. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayi imayendera malo othirira, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala ndi matalala ambiri, omwe amagwa akudya ndere.
M'chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa ndere pazakudya kumachepa chifukwa chakusintha kwa tsamba la thundu, birch, mapulo, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, phulusa lamapiri, rhododendrons, chiuno chonyamuka, spirea, lingonberries. Zonsezi, zakudya zamtundu wa musk zimaphatikizira mpaka 150 zomera zosiyanasiyana. Musk deer amadya zitsamba. Kapangidwe kawo kamasiyana pang'ono ndi kupezeka kwa zomera m'malo okhala nyama, ndi izi:
- burnet;
- aconite;
- chowotcha;
- mabulosi amwala;
- kusokoneza
- geranium;
- buckwheat;
- ambulera;
- dzinthu;
- nsapato za akavalo;
- sedges.
Menyu imaphatikizapo zingwe za yew ndi fir, komanso kukula kwazomera izi. Anthu awa amadya bowa, onse awiri. Amaluma ndikutafuna mitundu yaying'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ngati mycorrhiza limodzi ndi matabwa owola. Gawo lina lazakudya ndi zinyalala: masamba owuma (kuchokera pamitengo ina, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku thundu, pang'onopang'ono imatha nthawi yonse yozizira), mbewu, nsanza. Kugwa kumakhala kochuluka m'nthawi yoyamba yachisanu, pomwe mphepo yamphamvu imagwetsa nthambi zazing'ono, ndipo zina zimasweka ndi chipale chofewa. Mbozi za Musk zimatha kudya msipu kwa nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi mitengo yakugwa, kudya ndere ndi singano.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Deer musk deer
Artiodactyl, chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, siyimalekerera madera okhala ndi chipale chofewa, munthawi zotere imasunthira komwe chivundikirocho chili pansi pa 50 cm.Koma ngati pali chakudya, ndiye kutha kwa nyengo yachisanu, chipale chofewa chikakhala chokwera, nyama zam'mimba zimatha kukhala mwamtendere. Kulemera kwake kumamulola kuti asadutsenso, ndipo theka lachiwiri la dzinja, lomwe limagwa ndi chipale chofewa, amapondaponda misewu yonse.
Pamtunda wosanjikiza, amayenda modumpha mamita 6-7. Pakadali pano, m'chipale chofewa, mutha kuwona kama, pomwe nyama imagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'makumba opangidwa ndi nswala zofiira kapena nkhumba zakutchire, ikudyetsa pamenepo, ikunyamula moss, ndere, zinyalala.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayi imamangiriridwa kwambiri ndi mitsinje, mitsinje ya m'nkhalango, kumene imapuma. Popanda mosungira madzi, amatsikira kumalo otseguka kapena pansi pamapiri otsetsereka. Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika imakhala ndi zosintha zingapo tsiku lililonse. Amatha kudyetsa masana, ngakhale amakhala otanganidwa nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku. M'nyengo yozizira kapena nyengo yamvula, nthawi zambiri amadyetsa masana.
Kapangidwe ka nyama kumathandizira pakuyenda bwino mukamadyetsa: imayenda mutu utatsitsidwa, kutola zinyenyeswa za ndere ndi zinyalala. Udindowu umamulola kuti awone zinthu pamwamba pamutu komanso pansi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera amaso.
Nyamayi imayandikira timapiri tating'onoting'ono, todziwitsa kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi fungo, imakumba chipale chofewa ndi miyendo yakutsogolo kapena mphuno. Chowetchera chili ndi khutu labwino, ngati mtengo wagwa kwinakwake, ndiye kuti posachedwa nyama zam'mimba zidzawonekera pamenepo. Nthawi zambiri amayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, atatsamira miyendo yake yakutsogolo pa thunthu, nthambi kapena opanda chithandizo. Izi zimakulolani kuti mupeze chakudya kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba. Pa mitengo ikuluikulu kapena nthambi zakuda, artiodactyls imatha kukwera kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 5 mita kumtunda.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Sakhalin musk deer
Nyama yamtunduwu imasungulumwa mwachilengedwe. Pawiri imalumikizana nthawi yokhayo. Kudya msipu nthawi zonse mdera lomweli, mpaka mahekitala 300. Nthawi yomweyo, ma artiodactyls ndi gawo la banja laling'ono la anthu 5-15. Magulu otere amatchedwa ma demes, momwe anthu amalumikizana mkati mwa kuyika malo ndi amuna akulu.
Amakhala ndi ngalande zotsekemera ndi fungo linalake kumtunda kwa mchira. Glands yake ili pamimba, kununkhira uku kumathandizira kuwonetsa gawo. Amuna amayang'anira malo awo, kuthamangitsa alendo. Amayankhulanso pogwiritsa ntchito mawu. Mwachitsanzo, akachedwa, phokoso la mkokomo, amawonetsa ngozi. Phokoso lakulira limatha kunenedwa ngati chisonyezo cha mantha.
Rut mu zinyama zimayamba kumapeto kwa Novembala ndipo zimatha mwezi. Pakadali pano, ali othamanga kwambiri komanso okangalika. Munthawi imeneyi, kutulutsa kwachinsinsi kwa musky kumawonjezeka, amuna amalemba nawo, ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwika kwa akazi. Thupi lawo limayankha - kutentha kumayamba. Umu ndi momwe chilengedwe chimaphatikizira nthawi zoberekera munthawi yake.
Kumene nthawi zina nyama zimakumana, timayendedwe timeneti timawonekera. Mabanja nawonso amalumpha mmodzimmodzi mumadumpha akulu. Mwachilengedwe, pali chiŵerengero chofanana chogonana, amapanga awiriawiri mgulu lomwelo, koma ngati wofunsayo awonekera, ndiye kuti kumamenyanako kumachitika pakati pa amuna. Amamenyana ndi ziboda zakutsogolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mano awo ngati zida. M'malo otere, zotsalira zamagazi ndi ubweya waubweya zimatsalira.
Achinyamata amatenga nawo mbali pamtengowu kuyambira chaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Pakadutsa masiku awiri, yamphongo imatha kuphimba nsombazi kasanu ndi kamodzi. Ngati palibe amuna okwanira, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo. Kubala kumatenga masiku 180-195. Ana akulemera 400 g amawonekera mu June, monga lamulo, kamodzi kamodzi, osachepera kawiri. Kubereka kumachitika pasanathe theka la ola, pamalo apamwamba.
Ndiye, chimodzimodzi, wamkazi amadyetsa mwana. Mwa ana obadwa kumene, tsitsi limakhala lofewa komanso lalifupi, lakuda ndimadontho achikaso omwe nthawi zina amapanga mikwingwirima. Pali malo owala pansi pa makutu ofiira, ndi mawanga awiri ofiira pakhosi. Khosi, mimba ndi mbali yamkati mwa ntchafu ndizopepuka, zokhala ndi imvi kapena zachikaso.
Mkazi woyamba amadyetsa ana ake kawiri patsiku, ndiyeno kamodzi, nthawi yodyetsayo imatha miyezi isanu. M'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira, ng'ombe imapeza pafupifupi 5 kg. Kwa milungu itatu yoyambirira, ana amabisala, patapita nthawi pang'ono amatsatira amayi awo kumalo otetezeka m'nyanjayo. Kuyambira Okutobala, achinyamata amayamba kuyenda paokha.
Adani achilengedwe a nyama zam'mimba
Chithunzi: Musk deer ku Russia
Mimbulu inali ngozi yayikulu kwa osatulutsa ang'onoang'ono. Tsopano ziweto zodyera imvi zatsika, chifukwa chakupha mwadala, zimakonda agwape kapena gwinjelo wofooka ngati chinthu chosaka.
Mwa adani, ulamuliro ndi wa wolverine ndi lynx. Wolverine amayang'anira, kenako ndikutsata wovulalayo, kuyendetsa kuchokera kutsetsereka ndi chisanu chaching'ono kupita m'mabowo okhala ndi matalala otayirira kwambiri. Atayendetsa ziboda zogawanika, mimbulu imaphwanya. Kumene kuchuluka kwa zowetchera kumachulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa wolverines kumawonjezekanso, zomwe zikuwonetsa ubale wawo wogwirizana
Lnxnx ndi mdani wowopsa wa nyama yokhala ndi tinyanga-sabata, amauteteza pamtengo m'malo osunthika nthawi zonse, kenako ndikuwukira kuchokera pamwamba. Achinyamata amasakidwa ndi nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, osawoneka bwino kwenikweni. Ma harza ndi akambuku nawonso ndi adani a nyama zowola. Kharza nthawi zonse amachita bwino kwambiri kuzungunula nyamayi, makamaka akazi ndi ana.
Nthawi zambiri malo okhala harza ndi musk agwape sagwirizana. Pofunafuna nyama, zilombazi zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu ndikusamukira kumapiri. Atawopseza nyamayo, amayithamangitsa pamtunda wautali, ndikuyendetsa kuchigwachi kuchokera kumapiri. Atamaliza kusungunula, ma kharzes adadya nthawi yomweyo.
Mbalame zikuukira achinyamata ndi achinyamata:
- ziwombankhanga zagolide;
- nkhwangwa;
- kadzidzi;
- kadzidzi;
- mphungu.
Pali ochepa omwe amapikisana nawo pachakudya cha musk deer, wina atha kuphatikizanso ma marals, omwe amadyedwa ndi ndere m'nyengo yozizira. Koma wopikisanayu ali ndi zofunikira, chifukwa amadya mitolo yayikulu ya ndere. Ndipo ma ungulates ang'onoang'ono amafunafuna ndikuluma pamapazi, omwe amathyoledwa ndi maukwati. Zowopsa zambiri zimachitika ndi ma pikas, omwe nthawi ya chilimwe amadya udzu womwewo monga zowotchera, ndipo mulibe ambiri mwa iwo mumdima wa coniferous taiga.
M'malo osungira ana, chiyembekezo chamoyo chanyama ndi zaka 10, komanso m'chilengedwe, momwe, kuwonjezera pa zolusa, zimawonongedwanso ndi anthu, nyama zam'mimba sizikhala zaka zopitilira zitatu. Vile ndi nkhupakupa zimamupatsa vuto lalikulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Musk deer
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa musk mu mankhwala kwanthawi yayitali kwadzetsa chiwonongeko chachikulu cha nyama zam'mimba m'malo awo okhazikika. Nyamayo, pofuna kupeza gland, yakhala ikuwonongedwa ku China. Amadziwika kuti kusaka ziboda ku Russia kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 13. Kuyambira zaka za zana la 18, ndege zouma zakhala zikugulitsidwa ku China.
Poyamba, alenje anali kulipidwa ma ruble 8 paundi. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, mtengo udakwera mpaka ma ruble 500, ndipo zopangidwa pachaka pakati pa zaka zana zinali 80 mitu. Mu 1881, chitsulo chimodzi chidapatsidwa ma ruble 15. golide, koma zidutswa 50 zokha ndi zomwe zidakumbidwa chaka chimenecho. Pansi paulamuliro wa Soviet, nyamayi idaphedwa panjira, ikusaka nyama yobala. Chifukwa cha chiwonongeko chankhanza chotere, anthu ake adatsika mzaka za m'ma 80 za m'zaka zapitazi mpaka makope 170,000. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, ku Russia, idatsika mpaka mitu 40,000.
Kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwa zinyama pamtunduwu, komwe kumapezeka m'magulu m'malo ena, makamaka chifukwa cha kusamalira zachilengedwe. Pamalo pa mahekitala masauzande, amatha kupezeka pamitu 80, mwachitsanzo, ku Altai Nature Reserve. Kumene nyama zamtundu wa musk zimasakidwa mosalekeza komanso mwachangu, kuchuluka kwake m'malo okhala nthawi zonse sikunali anthu opitilira 10 kudera lomwelo.
Ku China, chinsinsi chopangidwa ndi musk deer ndi gawo la mankhwala mazana awiri. Ndipo ku Ulaya amawonjezera zonunkhira. Masiku ano, chopangira chopangira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu mafuta onunkhiritsa, koma mafuta onunkhira ambiri odziwika amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, mwachitsanzo, Chanel No. 5, Madame Rocher.
M'madera akumwera kwa magawowa, pafupifupi 70% ya anthu onse amakhala okhazikika. Ntchito zazikulu za anthu zowononga nkhalango zadzetsa kuchepa kwa ziweto ku Nepal, India kupita ku ¼, komwe tsopano kuli pafupifupi zikwi 30. Ku China, ungulate uyu akutetezedwa mwamphamvu, koma ngakhale kumeneko anthu ake akuchepa ndipo pafupifupi 100 zikwi.
Ku Altai, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo, panali zitsanzo pafupifupi 30,000, zitatha zaka 20 chiwerengerocho chidatsika kuposa kasanu ndi kamodzi, ichi chidakhala chifukwa cholowetsedwamo pamndandanda wa Altai Red Data Books, monga mtundu womwe umachepetsa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka. Chiwerengero cha anthu a Sakhalin amadziwika kuti ndi otetezedwa, a Verkhoyansk ndi Far East ali pachiwerengero chofunikira.Mitundu yambiri yodziwika kwambiri ku Siberia yatsala pang'ono kutha m'zaka zaposachedwa. Nyamayi imaphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book ngati mtundu wosatetezeka.
Chitetezo cha Musk deer
Chithunzi: Musk deer Red Book
Popeza chinyama chiwonongedwa chifukwa cha musk gland, malonda ake amayendetsedwa ndi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Ma subspecies a Himalayan adatchulidwa pansi pa nambala 1 ndi chikalatachi, ndipo kugulitsa musk sikuletsedwa. Subpecies aku Siberia ndi China akuphatikizidwa pamndandanda nambala 2, malinga ndi mtundu wa musk womwe umaloledwa kugulitsidwa motsogozedwa kwambiri.
M'zaka za m'ma 30 zapitazi, kusaka nyama zosavomerezeka kunaletsedwa m'chigawo cha Russia, kenako kumaloledwa pamalayisensi okha. Kufunika kochepa kwa musk pakati pa anthu am'deralo ndi anthu aku Russia kunaloleza kuti nthawi imeneyo iwonjezere pang'ono nyama. Nthawi yomweyo, kukulitsa nthaka, kuyanika nkhalango, kuwotcha nkhalango pafupipafupi, kudula mitengo mwachangu kumachepetsa malo okhala.
Kulengedwa kwa Barguzinsky ndi Sikhote-Alinsky ndi malo ena osungira zidawathandiza pakukula kwa anthu. Kuswana kwa nyama iyi yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika kwatsimikizira kuti ndi kothandiza pakuchulukitsa anthu. Komanso kusamalira nyama kotere kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chinsinsi popanda kuwononga nyamayo. Pakusaka, 2/3 ya nyamazo ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi zazimayi, ndipo mtsinjewo umangotengedwa kuchokera kwa amuna akulu okha, ndiye kuti nyama zambiri zam'mimba zimamwalira pachabe.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nyamayo idayamba kuswana mu ukapolo ku Altai m'zaka za zana la 18, kuchokera pamenepo idaperekedwa ku malo osungira nyama aku Europe. Pamalo omwewo, kuswana m'minda kunakhazikitsidwa m'zaka zapitazi. Kulima kulima kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakhala kukuchitika ku China kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi, komwe kuchuluka kwawo kumapitilira 2 zikwi.
Ziweto zowetedwa zitha kukhala gwero lalikulu la katulutsidwe ka musk. Kukwera kwamitengo yazitsulo m'zaka chikwi chatsopano, kupezeka kwa ogulitsa ndi mwayi wofikitsa kuchokera kumadera akutali kunayambitsanso kuwononga ziweto.
Musk agwape chinyama chosangalatsa komanso chachilendo, kuti chisungidwe, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa njira zolimbana ndi anthu opha nyama mosavomerezeka ndi ogulitsa maphwando achiwiri, kukulitsa malo osungira nyama zamtchire, komwe owetchera amatha kukhala kumadera oyandikana nawo. Njira zodzitchinjiriza pamoto mu taiga, kuchepetsa kudula, zithandizira kuteteza malo achilengedwe a nyama zokongola komanso zosowa izi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 16:14
