Ndiuzeni, kodi mudakopeka kuti mudzipezere kunyumba osati mphaka kapena galu, koma china chake chachilendo, mwachitsanzo, kangaude wokongola? Tangoganizirani zolengedwa izi zitha kukhala zokongola nazonso. Mwachitsanzo, argiopa... Kuwala kwake kumakondweretsa diso, sikufuna chidwi chenicheni paokha, sikumenyana komanso sikumveka.
Pali anthu omwe amaphunzira mwakhama moyo wa zolengedwa izi, monga mukudziwa, akangaude ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuti musunge, muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium, yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukonzenso pang'ono, ndibwino kumangitsa khoma limodzi ndi chivindikiro ndi mauna abwino kwambiri.
Ikani nthambi kapena nthambi mkati ndipo mwatha. Mutha kudzaza chiweto, ndiye kuti azichita zonse payekha. Koma tisanadziphatikize tokha, tiyeni tidziwe pang'ono za cholengedwa chosangalatsachi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Pofotokoza mawonekedwe a argiopa, tikufunikira mawu angapo apadera a "kangaude".
1. Choyamba, tiyeni tikudziwitseni za lingaliro alireza. Mukamasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chachi Greek, ndiye kuti mumapeza mawu awiri - claw ndi nyanga. Awa ndi magulu awiri oyamba, kapena nsagwada, zama arachnids ndi ma arthropod ena. Amapezeka kutsogolo ndi pamwamba pakamwa.
Monga muyezo, zimawoneka ngati zikhadabo ndipo zimakhala ndimagulu angapo. Pamapeto pa zikhadabo zotere pali ngalande zamatenda owopsa. Tsopano mutha kufotokoza kuti ndi ndani akangaude araneomorphic - ali ndi chelicerae moyang'anizana, ndipo amapinda, nthawi zina amapita pamwamba pa mzake. Chelicera yotereyi idapangidwa kuti iwononge wolanda wamkulu, nthawi zina wamkulu kuposa mlenje mwiniwake.
2. Nthawi yachiwiri yofunikira pofotokozera akangaude - pedipalps. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek wakale, mawu awiri amapezekanso - mwendo ndikumverera. Awa ndi miyendo iwiri, miyendo, yomwe ili pa cephalothorax (yotchedwa mapira mu chelicera). Iwo ali kumbali ya chelicerae, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo kuli miyendo iwiri yoyenda.
"Kugawidwa" m'magawo angapo, monga ma phalanges. Akangaude achimuna achikulire amagwiritsa ntchito gawo lotsiriza la pedipalp panthawi yofanana ndi wamkazi. Amasandulika kukhala chiwalo chogonana chotchedwa cymbium... Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira umuna, komanso kuti awunikire mwachindunji kukutsegulira maliseche achikazi.
3. Ndi lingaliro lomaliza lomaliza. kukhazikika (kapena kukhazikika). Uku ndikulimba kwambiri pa intaneti. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ngati ulusi wokhotakhota wa ulusi wambiri pakati. Pakhoza kukhala imodzi, ziwiri, zitatu kapena kupitilira apo zoterezi, kutengera mtundu wa kangaude.
Itha kukhala yopindika mozungulira ngati mzere, imatha kupita mozungulira, ndipo imatha kukhala ngati mtanda. Kuphatikiza apo, mtanda uwu wapangidwa mwa chilembo X. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa akangaude, monga mukuwonera, popeza amachita izi pa intaneti nthawi zonse. Cholinga chake sichinaphunzirebe ndi anthu, ngakhale anayesa kangapo.
Argiope amaluka mawebusayiti olimba kwambiri omwe amatha kutchera ziwala
Mwina amakopa chidwi cha wolakwiridwayo, kapena mosemphanitsa, amawopseza adani, kapena kusokoneza kangaude kumbuyo kwake. Koma simudziwa mitundu! Mtundu wakukopa omwe achitiridwa zachipongwe uli pafupi kwambiri ndi chowonadi, makamaka chifukwa cholinga cha intanetiyo ndi msampha. Mwa njira, ndikukhazikika komwe kumawoneka bwino pamawala a ultraviolet, omwe tizilombo tambiri "timawawona".
Akangaude ena anali ndi mzere wokhazikika wa stabilimentum, ndipo popita nthawi unakhala mtanda, womwe umalankhulanso mokomera mtundu wakunyengerera nyama. Monga akunenera, chitani "kukonza" kulikonse kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
Kunja, akangaude amawoneka motere:
Pamimba pamadzazidwa kwathunthu ndi mikwingwirima yopitilira mandimu ndi yakuda, palinso mikwingwirima yoyera pakati pawo. Pafupi ndi cephalothorax, mtundu wonsewo umakhala ngale imvi kapena bulauni. Mapirawo ali ndi chovala chamtengo wapatali chasiliva.
Mutuwo ndi wakuda ndipo uli ndi maso anayi, osiyana kukula: awiri awiri a maso ang'ono pansi, 1 - awiri apakati a maso akulu amawoneka molunjika kutsogolo ndi maso awiri, apakatikati kukula, m'mbali mwa mutu. Alinso ndi zala zisanu ndi zitatu, zomwe zili awiriawiri, yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndi yayitali kwambiri. Chachitatu ndi chachifupi kwambiri ndipo chachinayi ndi chapakati.
Chifukwa cha utoto wake, argiopa amatchedwa kangaude wa mavu kapena kangaude wa kambuku.
Kukula kwa argiopa sikokukula kwakukulu pakati pa akangaude, komabe kumaonekera. Zazimayi ndizokulirapo, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 3. Ndipo ndi kutalika kwa mwendo amafika masentimita 5-6. Chelicerae ndi ochepa. Maonekedwe a thupi ali pafupi ndi chowulungika, kutalika ndikowirikiza kawiri. Pali arachnoid warts pamimba. Izi ndi ziwalo zomwe zimapanga kangaude. Izi zafotokozedwa ngati argiopa wamkazi.
"Amuna" amakhala ocheperako kangapo kuposa "azimayi", amakula mpaka masentimita 0,5. Amawoneka osawonekera ndipo, kwenikweni, imvi - nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira mbewa kapena akuda, opanda mikwingwirima iliyonse. Cephalothorax nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda ubweya, ma chelicerae amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi.
Banja la akangaude a orb-web (Araneidae), omwe argiopa ndi ake, amadziwika ndi kupanga ukonde waukulu wozungulira - ukonde wotchera. Zingwe zazikuluzikulu ndizolimba; ulusi umamangiriridwa kwa iwo, ukuyenda mozungulira.
Danga pakati pathu ladzaza ndi ma rosette mofananira ndi zigzag. Tsamba la Argiopa ofukula kapena ngodya yaying'ono yolowera molunjika. Makonzedwewa samangochitika mwangozi, akangaude ndi abwino kwambiri kugwira, ndipo amadziwa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kutuluka mumsampha wowongoka.
Mitundu
Kangaude wa Argiope - mtundu akangaude araneomorphic ochokera kubanja la Araneidae. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 85 ndi mitundu itatu ya subspecies mumtunduwu. Oposa theka la mitunduyo (44) imapezeka kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Asia, komanso kuzilumba zapafupi za Oceania. Mitundu 15 imakhala ku Australia, 8 - ku America, 11 - ku Africa ndi zilumba zoyandikana nazo. Europe ili ndi mitundu itatu yokha: Argiope trifasciata, Argiope bruennichi, Argiope lobata.
- Argiope trifasciata (Argiopa trifaskiata) mwina ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Per Forskoll mu 1775. Ku Europe, imapezeka ku Perinean Peninsula, kuzilumba za Canary komanso pachilumba cha Madeira. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri mu Seputembara-Okutobala, kutentha kwa chilimwe kukadutsa.
- Argiope bruennichi (Argiope BrunnichDzina loyambirira mu zinenero zina, zolemba ndi matchulidwe osiyanasiyana, azimayi ndi amitundu osiyanasiyana dzina Morten.Mayina a Morten Trane Brunnich (1737-1827). Maonekedwe a kangaudeyu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mtundu wonse wa argiop. Mpangidwe wam'mimba wam'mimba mwa mawonekedwe amizeremizere yakuda ndi yachikaso ndimomwe umatchulidwira mavu kangaude argiope... Kuphatikiza apo, amatchedwanso kangaude wa zebra ndi kangaude wa kambuku.
Nthawi zina amatchedwanso argiopa misewu itatu, Ndi kuchuluka kwa mikwingwirima yachikaso pathupi. Ndipo zowonadi, tikulankhula za akazi, tikudziwa kale kuti amuna sali owala kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chake ndikuti imakhazikika mothandizidwa ndi kangaude wake, ikuwuluka pamafunde amlengalenga. Chifukwa chake amatha kupezeka osati kumadera akumwera okha, koma nthawi zina kupitilira kumpoto kwa komwe kumalandiridwa. Monga akunena, pomwe mphepo idawomba.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ouma am'chipululu komanso m'mapiri. Tikafotokoza kuchuluka kwa anthu, titha kulemba;
- Europe (kumwera ndi pakati);
- Kumpoto kwa Africa;
- Caucasus;
- Crimea;
- Kazakhstan;
- Chapakati ndi Asia Minor;
- China;
- Korea;
- India;
- Japan.
- Ku Russia, malire akumpoto ndi 55ºN. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mdera la Central ndi Central Black Earth.
Mwina chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo, kangaudeyu amapititsidwa kumpoto. Amakhala momasuka m'madambo ndi misewu, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, amasankha malo otentha komanso otseguka. Sakonda chinyezi, imakonda malo owuma. Nestles pa zitsamba ndi zomera zitsamba. Kangaudeyu amakhala ndi ma stabilimentum awiri pa intaneti, amapezeka mozungulira wina ndi mnzake, monga maulamuliro ochokera pakati pa intaneti.
Kangaude wa Argiope ndi wocheperako, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 7 cm.
- Argiope lobata (Argiopa Lobata) imafika mpaka 1.5 cm mwa akazi. Mimba ndi yopyapyala yoyera yokhala ndi ma grooves akuya asanu ndi amodzi, omwe utoto wake umasiyanasiyana pakuda bulauni mpaka lalanje. Chifukwa cha ichi, amatchedwanso argiope lobular... Kangaude wamtundu wamagudumu, pakati pake ndi yolukidwa ndi ulusi. Kudera lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, limakhala ku Crimea ndi ku Caucasus, ku Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan komanso ku Europe. Amapezekanso ku Algeria (kumpoto kwa Africa).
- Ndikufuna kuwunikiranso mitundu ina pamtunduwu - Argiope ocular... Kunja samawoneka ngati abale ake. Ali ndi mimba yofiira, yopanda mikwingwirima yakuda, komanso miyendo yake ndiyofiyanso. Pamiyendo, magawo awiri omaliza amakhala akuda, kutsogolo kwawo kuli koyera.
Lonse limakutidwa ndi tsitsi, silvery pa cephalothorax. Amakhala ku Japan, Taiwan, China. Mtundu uwu, kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zakunja kosadziwika kwa mtunduwo, umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu umodzi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amuna omwe amapulumuka opanda magawo awiri a pedipalp. Mwanjira ina, atagonana kwachiwiri. Ndipo izi ndizosowa kwambiri mdziko la akangaude. Bwanji - tikukuuzani pambuyo pake.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Argiopa amakhala kulikonse kupatula ku Arctic ndi Antarctica. Tsambali limamangidwa m'malo otakasuka, pomwe pali tizirombo tambiri touluka, zomwe zikutanthauza kusaka kosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osankhidwawo ayenera kuwoneka bwino nthawi iliyonse yamasana. Kuphatikizanso kwina mokomera gawo la "kukopa" pa intaneti ndikukhazikika pakati. Ntchito yowomba imatenga ola limodzi lokha, nthawi zambiri madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri kangaude samakhalanso ndi chivundikiro pafupi ndi intaneti, koma amakhala pakatikati pake. Nthawi zambiri, malowa amakhala ndi akazi. Imafalitsa zikhomo zake m'njira zosiyanasiyana pa intaneti, zowoneka ngati mawonekedwe a X, kuyembekezera nyama. Argiopa pachithunzichi amawoneka okongola komanso owopsa nthawi yomweyo.
Kukongola kumapangidwa ndi tsamba lochepetsedwa, lopanda mawonekedwe osunthika ngati mawonekedwe a mtanda, inde, mtundu wowala. Kuwala kokha uku ndi kowopsa. Monga mukudziwa, mu nyama pali mfundo - yowala kwambiri, ndiyoizoni komanso yowopsa. Zolengedwa zokongola komanso zopanda vuto nthawi zonse zimayesetsa kuti zisawoneke m'chilengedwe.
Nthawi zina, pakuwona zoopsa, akangaude amayenda mwachangu pakati pa ulusiwo, kubisalira adani. Ena mofulumira "amagwa" pansi mozondoka, zomwe zimakhala zakuda komanso zosavomerezeka chifukwa chothinana kwamaselo apadera. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi ulusi wopulumutsa atakonzeka mu zingwe zopangira kangaude, pomwe amathira mwachangu pansi.
Masana iye ndi wamatope, wopanda chidwi, madzulo amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika komanso wolonjeza. Kangaude wa nyumba, kangaude amafunika kumwazika tizilomboti ta kokonati kapena kangaude wina aliyense yemwe amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ndipo ikani nthambi zingapo mkati, makamaka mphesa, pomwe aziluka ukonde. Makoma a terrarium amafunikiranso kupukutidwa pafupipafupi ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti athetse bowa ndi mabakiteriya ena. Osangosokoneza malo ake obisika.
Zakudya zabwino
Khoka logwira la Argiopa limasiyanitsidwa osati ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso kapangidwe kake, komanso ntchito yayikulu. Makamaka, kukula kochepa kwa maselo. Ngakhale udzudzu wochepa kwambiri sungadutse "mawindo" oterewa. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chake chamasana chimakhala ndi tizilombo tatsoka tomwe tagwera muukondewu.
Amadyetsa Orthoptera ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi ziwala, crickets, filly (dzombe), agulugufe, midges, ntchentche ndi jumpers. Komanso ntchentche, njuchi, udzudzu. Wopwetekedwayo sawona kangaude, kapena amamutenga ngati mavu omwe akuuluka mlengalenga. Kangaude yemwe amakhala pakatikati pa intaneti nthawi zambiri amabwereza mawonekedwe a stabilimentum ndikuphatikizana nawo, thupi lokha lokha ndi lomwe limawoneka. Wopwetekedwayo amayamba kumenya pa intaneti, ulusi wachizindikiro umapereka chizindikiritso kwa chilombocho.
Argiope amaphimba nyama mu cocoko ndikuluma nyama
Amathamangira kwa nyamayo ndikubayira poizoni wake wonenepa. Kenako amakulunga wosaukayo ndikumukokera kumalo obisika. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, imatulutsa timadziti m'thupi lomwe layamba kupasuka. Mwa njira, kunyumba, amadya chimodzimodzi ndikumangidwa. Chakudya chiyenera kuperekedwa kamodzi pa masiku awiri. Ngakhale amakonda nyengo youma, musaiwale kumupatsa madzi. Ndipo nthawi zina perekani madzi mu aquarium, makamaka masiku otentha.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Amakhala okonzeka kubereka atangotsala pang'ono kumaliza. Pakadali pano, "atsikana" ali ndi zikopa zofewa za chelicera. Nthawi yokwatirana, bwenzi amalunga mnzake mu intaneti, ndipo ngati sangathe kudzimasula, tsogolo lake silikudziwika, adzadyedwa. Mwa njira, ndipamene pano ndikufuna kunena chiphunzitso china chokhudza nkhanza zoyipa za kangaude wamkazi.
Pali lingaliro loti mwamunayo amadzipereka mwadala kuti adulidwe, akuti potero amalimbikitsa udindo wake ngati bambo. Mkazi, yemwe amadya thupi la wokonda tsoka, amakhala wokhutira ndipo samayang'ana zochitika zina, koma modekha akuchita nawo umuna. Zikuoneka kuti iye alibe nazo vuto kusunga umuna wa wofunsayo mwa iye yekha. Ichi ndi "chikondi chonyansa" chotere.
Monga mayi, amadzionetsa m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Amaluka chikuku chachikulu, chomwe chili pafupi ndi intaneti, ndikubisamo mazira. Kunja, "nazale" awa amafanana ndi bokosi la mbewu inayake. Munkuku muli mazira mazana. Kholo limada nkhawa poteteza chikoko.
Argiope amaluka mtundu wa chikuku momwe mazira pafupifupi 300 amasungidwa ndikubisalira
Ana amasiya "nazale" kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala ndipo akukhazikika pamlengalenga pamaloboti. Palinso chochitika china. Nthawi zina kangaude amaikira mazira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndikusiya dziko lino. Ndipo akangaude amabadwa ndikuwuluka mchaka. Argiopa ali ndi moyo wawufupi, chaka chimodzi chokha.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Timachenjeza iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi masewera owopsa nthawi yomweyo - ngati mungakhudze ukonde wa argiopa ndi dzanja lanu, udzachitadi ndipo udzaluma. Argiopa kuluma zopweteka, mutha kuzifanizira ndi mavu kapena mbola ya njuchi. Kangaudeyu ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri, zimatha kuluma mokwanira.
Komanso, musaiwale za poizoni wake. Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso - argiope ndi poizoni kapena ayi? Zachidziwikire, ndi chakupha, ndi poizoni uyu pomwe amadzipezera chakudya, ndikupha ozunzidwa. Zimakhudza ziwalo zopanda mafupa ndi mafupa.
Funso lachiwiri ndiloti chiphe sichowopsa kwa anthu komanso nyama zazikulu. Njoka ya kangaude imakhala ndi argiopin, argiopinin, pseudoargiopinin, koma pang'ono pang'ono omwe samabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu.
Zotsatira zakuluma kumeneku sizowopsa, koma zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina zingapo. Anthu ambiri amakhala ofiira komanso kutupa pang'ono pafupi ndi malo olumirako, omwe amatha pambuyo pamaola angapo.
Koma zimachitika kuti zizindikirozi zimangotha patangopita tsiku limodzi, ndipo kulumako kumatha kuyabwa kwambiri. Koma ngati mwatsitsa chitetezo chamthupi, simukuyanjana, kapena muli ndi mwana amene walumidwa ndi kangaude, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosasangalatsa:
- Malo oluma akutupa kwambiri;
- Kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera, nthawi zina kwambiri, mpaka madigiri 40-41;
- Nsautso ndi chizungulire zimayamba.
Pali njira imodzi yokha yotulukira - nthawi yomweyo kwa dokotala. Ayi "pamenepo zitha" kapena "ndidzichiritsa." Musaike moyo wanu pachiswe. Ndipo monga chithandizo choyamba, perekani kuluma ndikupatsanso antihistamine. Ndipo imwani madzi ambiri.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za kangaude
Monga tanenera kale, kangaudeyu samabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu. Ngati inu simumukhumudwitsa iye. Ndikungotseka malo otseguka ndimitengo yake, kusokoneza pang'ono kuyenda kosasamala. Koma izi sizowopsa, koma ndizovuta pang'ono.
Koma zabwino zake ndizabwino. Patsiku limodzi, amatha kugwira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 400 m'makoka ake. Chifukwa chake, musathamangire kukawawononga mukawaona kudambo kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. M'nkhalango, m'munda kapena m'munda, mawebusayiti osatopetsawa amaluka maukonde awo ndikugwira timapepala tating'onoting'ono, zotchinga masamba, nsikidzi, nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi, udzudzu, ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matendawa.
Akangaude ndi osusuka; amadya tsiku limodzi momwe amadzilemera.Choncho werengani kuchuluka kwa msampha wa tizilombo tachilengedwe m'nyengo yachilimwe. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi nzeru zakale zakum'mawa, kangaude imabweretsa mwayi.
Kuluma kwa Argiopa ndikopweteka, koma sikungayambitse anthu.
Zosangalatsa
- Ku Japan, ndewu za kangaude zimachitika, kangaude wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amawonekera pamenepo.
- Kwa anthu ena, akangaude amachititsa mantha kwambiri, omwe amatchedwa arachnophobia. Kumverera uku kumabwera pamtundu wa chibadwa, kubwerera ku nthawi zakale kwambiri, pomwe pafupifupi ma arachnids onse anali owopsa. Argiopa alibe mikhalidwe yoopsa ngati imeneyi, ndiyokongola kuposa yowopsa. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa sayenera kuyambitsa.
- Zitakwatirana, nthawi zambiri amuna amadulidwa cymbium (gawo lomaliza la pedipalp), amatchedwa autotomy (kudzicheka kwa chiwalo) panthawi yokwatirana. Mwinamwake kuti achoke mu nthawi. Embolism (chidutswa), nthawi zina ndimagawo owonjezera, chimatseka kutsegulira kwa akazi. Chifukwa chake, ngati wamwamuna uyu atha kuthawa kudya kwazimayi, amatha kuthanso kangaude kamodzi. Kupatula apo, akadali ndi cymbium imodzi. Koma nthawi zambiri samapulumuka atakwatirana kwachiwiri.
- Kangaude wa argiope ndi amodzi mwa owomba mwachangu kwambiri. Amapanga netiweki mpaka theka la mita mu mphindi 40-60.
- Ndizophunzitsa kuti "Indian chilimwe" ndi nthomba ndi nthawi yothetsera akangaude achichepere. Ndiwo omwe amauluka pa "makalapeti" awo nthawi yabwinoyi ikayamba.
- Pa zofukula m'mabwinja ku Africa, ulusi wopangidwa ndi ulusi wazaka pafupifupi 100 miliyoni udapezeka mu amber wachisanu.
- Akangaude a Argiope amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo "onunkhira" kwa omwe awazunza. Lingaliro ili lidawonetsedwa ndi asayansi aku Australia pambuyo poyesa zingapo. Anagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala otchedwa putressin, amene kangaudeyu “amaundika” ulusiwo pamwamba pake kuti auone. "Kugwira" kawiri.
