Catfish ndi okhala kosatha pansi pamadzi pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse kapena pagulu la anthu wamba. Makontinenti onse, kupatula Antarctica, atenga nawo gawo pakukulitsa mitundu yazosiyanasiyana za nsomba zam'madzi amchere za thermophilic. Pafupifupi mabanja asanu ndi awiri (5) omwe amapanga nsomba za mphamba ndi monga mphalapala, momwe epithet "aquarium" imakwanira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Izi ndi nsomba zodzichepetsa zokhala ndi mutu waukulu ndi mkamwa wapansi, wopangidwa ndi mapawiri 2-3 a tinyanga. Mbali yamkati mwa thupi ndiyofewa. Thupi limalowera chakumaso. Chilichonse chimaloza ku moyo wapansi wa nsombayo. Mitundu yachilengedwe ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Kudya zizolowezi ndizosiyana. Nsomba zambiri zamatchire zimadya nyama, ambiri amakonda kudya zamasamba.
Mitundu
Mabanja angapo amagawidwe ali ndi mitundu ya nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, kuchokera ku dongosolo la catfish. Kunena zowona, munthu amatha kupanga zinthu ndikuwathandiza ambiri kunyumba. Zolephera zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri am'madzi amadziwika kwambiri kuposa ena onse.
Cirrus catfish
Nsomba zonse zam'magulu amtunduwu zimachokera ku Africa. Kutengera dzina lachi Latin la banja - Mochokidae - nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mohawks kapena mohawks. Banja la nsomba zosangalatsazi lili ndi mitundu 9 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200. Cirrus Nsomba za m'nyanja ya aquarium pachithunzichi zikuwoneka zokongola komanso zosowa.
- Somik-lembani. Nsombayi imakonda kusambira pamwamba ndi m'mimba nthawi zambiri. Pomwe limatchedwa (Latin Synodontis nigriventris). Monga momwe zimakhalira nsomba zazing'onoting'ono, chosinthacho chimakhala ndi mapale atatu. Kukula kwake kumakupatsani mwayi wosunga mawonekedwewo m'nyanja iliyonse yamadzi: sichikula kupitirira masentimita 10. Mtunduwo umabisalira m'chilengedwe: maziko ofiira otuwa amakhala ndi mabala amdima.
Shifters modekha amasambira m'mimba
- Chophimba Sidontis. Mtundu uwu (Synodontis eupterus) umakonda kusambira mozondoka mozungulira momwe amasinthira mawonekedwe ake. Zipsepse za nsomba iyi sizokulira zokha, komanso ndizobowoleza. Zikakhala zoopsa, nsombazi zophimbidwa zimayamba kuziphulitsa, poganiza kuti pali osaka ochepa omwe amatafuna minga.
- Mphaka wa nkhanu. Catfish kuchokera ku genus Synodontis kapena Synodontis. Nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti synodontis. Maina wamba amalumikizidwa ndimitundu yambiri yakuda kosiyanako pang'ono komanso chizolowezi chokhazikitsira clutch yawo m'magulu a caviar ya wina. Nsomba yayikuluyi (mpaka 27 cm) imachokera ku Nyanja ya Tanganyika.
- Pimelodus Pictus. Dzina la nsombayi ndikutanthauzira dzina lake lachilatini la Pimelodus pictus. Nsombayi ili ndi mayina ena ambiri: mngelo wa pimelodus, mphaka wa pictus, pimelodus wopenta. Kuchuluka kwa mayina kumalimbikitsa kutchuka kwa nsomba iyi ya 11 sentimita kuchokera ku basin ya Amazon.
- Synodontis wokonda. Dzina la sayansi la nsombazi ndi Synodontis decorus. Muufulu, amakhala m'makope amtsinje wa Congo. Wamtendere komanso wamanyazi ngakhale anali wamkulu kukula. Imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 30. Imayenda pang'onopang'ono, koma zipsepsezo, kupindika kumbuyo ndi caudal, zimapangidwa bwino. Kuwala koyamba kwa dorsal kumapeto kumatalika kwambiri. Zomwe, limodzi ndi mtundu wamawangamawanga, zimapatsa nsombayo mawonekedwe achilendo.
- Sidontis Dominoes. Mawanga akulu amdima pathupi lowalapo apangitsa ma aquarist kuti aziyanjanitsa ndi fupa lamasewera, ndichifukwa chake Synodontis notatus adadziwika ndi dzina lake. Sidontis domino salola kukhala pafupi ndi mphamba wina. Itha kutambasula mpaka masentimita 27. Opanga nsomba amalimbikitsa kuti asunge nsomba imodzi yokha yam'madzi mu aquarium.
Catfish imakhazikika bwino pafupifupi m'madzi onse
- Sidontis nsangalabwi. Amakhala m'madzi akuchedwa a Congo ndi mitsinje yake. Asayansi amatcha kuti Synodontis schoutedeni. Kongoletsani ngati mawonekedwe amizere yamitundu yosiyanasiyana pachikaso, mwamtendere komanso kutalika pang'ono (mpaka masentimita 14) zimapangitsa nsomba iyi kukhala nzika yabwino yam'madzi. Chokhacho chomwe, ma marble sidontis amateteza madera ake kuti asazunzidwe ndi abale, amakonda kukhala okha.
- Sidontis ndi mngelo. Dzina la sayansi la nsombayi ndi Synodontis angelicus. Koma dzina lina lotchuka ndiloyenera kwambiri nsomba zamatchi: polka dot sidontis. Mawanga owala amabalalika pamtundu wakuda wakuda buluu. Wobadwira ku Africa yapakati, amakhala yekha kapena pagulu laling'ono m'madzi am'madzi. Sidontis iyi imakula mpaka masentimita 25, zomwe zimafunikira kuchuluka kwakunyumba kwake.
- Sidontis yowonongeka. Mayina a nsomba za m'nyanja ya Aquarium nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu, nsomba. Thupi lowala la Sidontis ili ndi malo akulu ozungulira. Nsombazo ndizodzichepetsa, koma ndizokwanira mokwanira: masentimita 30 si kukula pang'ono kwa aquarium yamtundu uliwonse. Koma sidontis wowoneka amakhala nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi zaka 20.
- Sidontis yamizere. Poyamba kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Kongo ya Molebo. Mafuta, bulauni, mikwingwirima yakutali amatengedwa motsatira chikasu cha nsombayi. Zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi mawanga amtundu womwewo. Nsombazi zazingwe zimakhala bwino pakati pawo, koma osatopa ndi kusungulumwa. Kutalika kwa catfish ndi 20 cm, izi zimalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa aquarium (pafupifupi 100 malita).
Bagruses banja kapena wakupha anangumi
Banja lalikulu (Lat. Bagridae) la mphalapala, lili ndi mitundu 20, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu 227. Nsombazi zimapezeka ku Africa ndi ku Asia. Kumpoto kwa Mtsinje wa Amur sikupezeka. Matupi awo obongoka alibe mamba, ntchofu imagwira ntchito zoteteza.
- Bagrus wakuda. Poyamba kuchokera ku Indochina, imakula mpaka 30 cm kapena kupitilira apo. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake kwakukulu, ili ndi vuto lina - nsomba iyi ndi yaukali. Amakonda kudumpha. Itha kusiya aquarium isavundikidwe ndi chivindikiro m'magulu awiri. Amadziwa kusambira komanso amakonda kusambira ali ndi msana. Imaphatikizidwanso m'gulu lachilengedwe lotchedwa Mystus leucophasis.
- Galasi la Bagrus kapena kapangidwe kake. Mosiyana ndi mnzake wakuda, iyi ndi nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri. Mpaka masentimita asanu ndi kumapeto kwa mchira. Pofuna kuti asawonekere, mphalapalayo idawonekera. Monga pazenera la makina a X-ray, mutha kuwona zamkati mwake, ndipo mwa akazi omwe akukonzekera kubala, mazira akukhwima.
- Somik ndi wotsogola. Dzinalo limachokera pamapangidwe amtundu wakumbuyo. Kuwala koyamba komwe kumakulitsidwa kwambiri. Mzere wosiyana pafupifupi woyera umayenda mthupi mwamdima. Ndizotheka kuti adayambitsa mayanjano ndi mkondo pakati pa asayansi. Odwala pachilumba cha Sumatra. Katemera ndi wocheperako, amakula mpaka 20 cm, koma amakhala ndi mtima wofulumira.
- Zinsinsi ziwiri. Poyamba kuchokera pachilumba cha Sumatra. Wamng'ono (mpaka 6.5 cm) catfish. Kutsogolo kwa thupi lowala, pafupi ndi mutu, malo amafuta, amdima amakoka. Kutsogolo kumadziwika ndi mzere wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Chiwerengero cha aquarium chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi nsomba imodzi kapena zingapo chifukwa cha bata.
Pafupifupi nsomba zonse zamatchire zimakhala ndi ndevu, kuyambira nthawi yayitali mpaka kuwonekera pang'ono
- Nsomba zamatchire. Poyamba kuchokera ku Thailand. Nsombazi sizidutsa masentimita 8. Mtundu wonyezimira umafanana ndi kukula kwake. Mnyamata, thupi limakhala la pinki, likatha zaka ziwiri, limayamba kukhala lofiirira. Chikhalidwe chonse chimadutsa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yakuda. Batasio ndi wamtendere komanso wopanda ulemu. Asayansi amatcha Batasio tigrinus.
- Nsomba zazingwe zoyera. Thupi lidajambulidwa mumiyala yakuda kwambiri, motsutsana ndi izi masharubu owoneka bwino amawonekera. Chifukwa cha zomwe Bagrichthys majusculus adalandira dzina lodziwika bwino "masharubu oyera". Wobadwira ku Thailand, amakula mpaka masentimita 15-16. Wopanda ulemu, monga nsomba zonse zaku Asia. Amuna amateteza madera awo mosamala. Akazi ndi ovomerezeka, amtendere kwambiri.
- Nsomba za Siamese. Dzinalo la nsomba limalumikizidwa ndi komwe adabadwira - Siam, Thailand wamakono. Pokumbukira kuyanjana ndi banja lake, akatswiri am'madzi nthawi zambiri amamutchula kuti Whale wakupha wa Siamese kapena whale whale. Nsomba za Siamese zili ndi maubwino angapo: zokongola, zosadzichepetsa, zotheka, zamitundu yayikulu (mpaka masentimita 12).
Banja lankhondo la nkhono
Mitundu ina ya banjali ndi anthu otchuka okhala pansi pamadzi am'madzi a aquarium. Ma Aquarists amadziwa bwino nkhanu za mtundu wa Koridoras. Thupi la nsombazi limakutidwa ndi mamba owopsa. Izi zidapatsa dzina Corydoras ndi banja lonse - carapace catfish kapena Callichthyidae.
- Nsomba zamatchire. Poyamba kuchokera ku South America. Mwachilengedwe chake, imakhala mumitsinje yomwe imadutsa mumtsinje wa Madera. Kutalika kwa mitundu yayikulu sikudutsa masentimita 3.5. Thupi la pygmy limakhala lalitali kwambiri kuposa la mphamba wina. Amabisala pang'ono, amayenda mosadukiza m'magawo onse a aquarium.
- Nsomba zazingwe. Wokhala m'mitsinje ndi madamu aku Colombian. Ifika ku Guyana ndi Suriname. Thupi la nsombali limakhala ndi mawanga, koma pali mikwingwirima itatu yammbali pambali. Chifukwa cha ichi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa katemera wanjira zitatu. Dzinalo la sayansi ndi Corydoras trilineatus. Nsombazi ndizochepa (zosaposa masentimita 6), zimagwirizana bwino ndi oyandikana nawo m'nyanja yamadzi.
- Somik Panda. Wokhala m'mapiri am'mapiri a Amazon. Ankazolowera madzi ofewa komanso ozizira. Kutentha kwa 19 ° C sikumuwopsa. Wowonetsedwa m'madzi am'madzi ndipo amakonda 20-25 ° C. Pamatupi owoneka bwino a nsombazi, pali madontho awiri akulu kumutu ndi kumchira. Nsombazo ndizamtendere, zimakonda kukhala limodzi ndi ma pandas 3-4 ofanana.
Makonde a Panda akuyenera kusungidwa mumchenga wamchenga kuti asawononge tinyanga tating'onoting'ono
- Brochis britski. Catfish iyi ili ndi dzina lomveka bwino - emerald catfish kapena corridor corridor. Dzina la sayansi la nsombayo ndi Corydoras britskii. Odwala kumtsinje wa Paraguay waku Brazil. Amakula mpaka masentimita 9. Amakhala omasuka m'gulu la abale 3-5. Imakongoletsa aquarium ndi mitundu ya thupi lake: kuyambira lalanje mpaka zobiriwira.
- Khonde linali ndi zida. Nsombazi zimachokera ku Peru. Dzina la sayansi ndi Corydoras armatus. Masikelo a Carapace apeza zida zankhondo. Magetsi oyamba azipsepse ndi olimba, ngati mitsempha. Mtundu wa thupi ndi loyera ndimadontho akuda. Chikhalidwe cha nsombacho ndi chamtendere. Makonde 5 ndi ena okhala ndi zida zambiri amatha kukhala m'madzi amodzi.
Nsomba za Pimelodic
Banja ili (Pimelodidae) lili ndi dzina lina - nsombazi. Anthu okhala m'madzi ambiri. Matupi awo alibe mamba. Ndevu zimatha kukhala zazitali ngati thupi. Zinyama zamutu wapafupi ndizodya, koma osati zaukali. Imakhala ndi ofesi nthawi zambiri, malo ogulitsira matani amitani yambiri.
- Nsomba zam'madzi za Tiger... Imodzi mwamitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya pimelodic. Imakula mpaka masentimita 50. Mikwingwirima yakuda ya kambuku imakopedwa motsatira kuunika kwa mphamba. Nsombazi zimasungidwa m'madzi akuluakulu, pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo. Nsomba zazing'ono zimadyedwa ndi catfish, ngakhale sizingatchedwe zaukali.
- Nsomba zofiira. Nsomba zazikulu zokhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino. Ali mfulu, amakhala m'misewu ya Amazon. Kukhala mumchere wamchere wamchere, kumatha kuthana ndi mita kutalika. Ndiye kuti, sizingatheke kukhala ndizotengera zazikulu zazikulu zapakhomo.
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, catfish yofiira kwambiri imatha kukula mpaka 80 kg.
Catfish ina yayikulu - loto losangalatsa la eni ake am'madzi akulu kwambiri - ndi nsombazi. Aquarium okhalamo ndi wokongola chifukwa amawoneka ngati nsomba yotchuka yolanda. Mwa kudya, sizosiyana kwambiri ndi iye. Amayesetsa kudya aliyense amene angakwaniritse pakamwa pake.
Nsombazi
Banjali liri ndi dzina lachiwiri, Loricariidae catfish kapena Loricariidae. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamagulu akulu kwambiri a nsomba. Banja lili ndi mitundu 92 ndi mitundu yoposa 680. Mitundu ina yokha ya Loricaria ndi yomwe imamera m'madzi.
- Plecostomus kapena nsomba zam'madzi zokhala ndi aquarium... Mitunduyi inali nsomba yoyamba yomwe imapezeka m'madzi am'madzi. Dzina lake lakhala dzina la banja. Nsomba zonse za loricaria nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa plecostomuses kapena catfish yotsatira. Amadyetsa masamba obiriwira a aquarium, amadya chilichonse chomwe chimamera pamakoma a aquarium ndi miyala.
Masana, nsombazi zimakonda kubisala pansi pa malo obisalamo ndi malo ena obisalamo.
- Nsomba Ancistrus. Nsombazo zidabadwira mumtsinje wa Tocantins ku Brazil. Dzina la sayansi - Ancistrus ranunculus. Ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri: pakamwa pa catfish pamatuluka masamba omwe amafanana ndi mahema. Ndevu zovutazo ndi masensa okhudza zinthu. Anamupatsa dzina loti Soma ndipo adamupangitsa kukhala wokonda kukhala m'madzi okhala m'madzi. Catfish imakula mpaka masentimita 10. Imakhala yamtendere, ngakhale imakonda chakudya cha nyama.
- Ancistrus wamba. Dziko lakwawo la catfish ndi Patagonia, basin ya Rio Negro. Nsombazi ndizopatsa chidwi, zazikulu zokwanira m'madzi am'nyumba, zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 20. Mtunduwo ndi wokhwima komanso wokongola nthawi yomweyo: pamalo amdima pali madontho ang'onoang'ono oyera, zipsepse zimatsindika ndi malire oyera.
Timitengo timene sitimasowa kwenikweni, koma timasungidwa bwino m'madzi akuluakulu
- Chikwapu cha Catfish. Dzina lake lapakati mphaka woyamwa acestridium kapena Acestridium dichromum. Dziko lakwawo la chikwapu ndi Venezuela, mitsinje yaying'ono ya Orinoco. Nsomba, yaitali, ndi mutu lathyathyathya. Kutalika sikudutsa masentimita 6. Tsinde la caudal ndi chimbudzi limafanana ndi chikwapu, chikwapu. Amachotsa ndere zam'munsi m'makoma a aquarium ndi chikho chake chokoka. Koma izi sizokwanira kudyetsa nsombazo. Zowonjezera zobiriwira zowonjezera zimafunika.
- Mbidzi pleco. Dzinalo ndi Hypancistrus zebra. Imodzi mwa nsomba zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'nyumba zam'madzi. Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanitsa yakuda ndi yopepuka. Poyamba adachokera ku Brazil, mitsinje ndi mitsinje ikutsikira ku Xingu, komwe kumadutsa Amazon. Nsombazo ndizopatsa chidwi, zimatha kudya, koma mwamtendere. Imakula mpaka 8 cm.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Nsomba zam'madzi za Aquarium kaya ndi mtundu wanji, ndi nsomba yodzichepetsa. Koma kuganizira zofunikira ndizofunikira. Choyambirira, uku ndiko kukula kwa aquarium. Nsomba zambiri sizipitilira masentimita 7 m'litali, koma pali zimphona za theka la mita, malinga ndi miyezo ya aquarium. Ndiye kuti, voliyumu yaying'ono yanyumba ndiyabwino kwa ena, pomwe ena adzafunika malo okhala ma cube angapo.
Zina zonse zofunika nsomba ndizofanana. Kwa nsomba zazikulu zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono, pogona ndikofunikira. Izi ndi nkhuni, miyala, miphika ya ceramic ndi zina zotero. Gawo lapansi ndi mchenga wolimba kapena miyala. Palibe tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, apo ayi nsombazi zokumba pansi zimasokoneza madzi. Kutentha kwamadzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 22-28 ° C.
M'magawo ena, palibe zopambanitsa: kuuma kotsika pang'ono komanso acidity. Catfish, monga okhala pansi, safuna kuwala kowala. Kutuluka kwamadzi, aeration komanso kuwonjezera madzi abwino ndikofunikira kwa onse okhala m'nyanjayi, kuphatikiza mphaka.
Nsomba zazing'ono, nsomba zazikulu zimatha kulakwitsa ngati chakudya
Kugwirizana kwa Aquarium
Musanakhazikitse nsomba mnyumba imodzi, m'pofunika kudziwa chikhalidwe chake. Catfish nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi anthu okhala pansi pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala zamtendere. Ambiri ndi odyetsa, choncho amayang'ana anansi awo ngati chakudya. Pali owasamalira achiwawa m'malo awo. Nsomba zotere sizigwirizana ndi anzawo. Ndiye kuti, pankhani zofananira, njira yokhayo ndiyofunika.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi za m'nyanja yam'madzi. Ambiri aiwo amatha kutulutsa mphamba wachikhalidwe pachikhalidwe. Chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuyambitsa njira yobereketsa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zina. Kukhalapo kwa zokutira ndichikhalidwe chonse. Kutentha koyenera komanso kuyenda kwamadzi abwino kumalimbikitsa nsomba kukonzekereratu.
Mkazi amaikira mazira osakwana theka miliyoni. Malo obalalika ndi gawo kapena tsamba la chomera cham'madzi. Catfish siziwonetsa chidwi ndi ana amtsogolo. Zochita za kudya anzawo ndizotheka. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku angapo. Ndiye mphutsi zimawonekera.
Pali mitundu yambiri yam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, iliyonse imakhala ndi machitidwe ake obereketsa. Amchere am'madzi samadziwa njira zopezera ana opitilira theka la mitundu ya catfish. Zinyama zazing'ono zimapangidwa m'minda ya nsomba, ndikupanga zochitika zapadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kawirikawiri, nsomba zamtchire zomwe zimagwidwa kuthengo zimabwera kukagula. Mosasamala kanthu komwe adachokera, kusamala komanso kusinthasintha kwapangitsa kuti nsomba zambiri zizikhala ndi moyo wautali. Kodi nsomba zam'madzi za aquarium zimakhala motalika bwanji, palibe nsomba ina yomwe idzakhale. Zitsanzo zazikulu ndizoposa zaka 30.
Mtengo
Kusiyanasiyana kwa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zimabweretsa mitengo yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yambiri idapangidwa kale munthawi ya mafakitale.Misonkhano yopangira nsomba ku Aquarium, yolumikizidwa ndi mazana ambiri am'madzi, imapereka mamiliyoni a mwachangu m'masitolo. choncho mtengo wa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zovomerezeka.
Nsomba zam'banja lamakhonde zimayamba ulendo wawo wamtengo wapatali kuchokera ma ruble 50. Ma Synodontise amawerengedwa pamtengo wopitilira 100 rubles. Ndipo nsomba yokongola ngati catfish yofiira ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa ma ruble 200. zovuta kupeza. Ndiye kuti, mutha kusankha nsomba yoyenerera mwini wake ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi mtengo wake.
