Amisili ndi mtundu wa nsomba zomwe zimatha kukhala m'madzi abwino komanso amchere. Pazowerengera zachilengedwe, amatumizidwa ku dongosolo la nsomba zamankhwala am'mimba, zophatikizidwa ndi banja la nsomba za platyceae. M'chilengedwe chawo, amakhala ku Central America, m'mitsinje yotentha komanso mosungira mosiyanasiyana. Malo okhala malata ndi otakata, koma nsomba zambiri mwazi zimadziwika kuti ndizomwe zimakhala m'nyumba zam'madzi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Omasulira malupanga achilengedwe komanso amchere amatalika pang'ono. Kutalika kwamwamuna, kutengera mitundu, kumasiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 4 mpaka 10. Zazikazi ndizokulirapo - mpaka masentimita 12. Nsomba ndizoyenda mwachilengedwe, zipsepse zotsogola komanso mawonekedwe amthupi amalimbitsa izi.
Osoka malupanga amapindidwa kwambiri molingana. Mutu ndi 15-20% ya utali wonse. Caudal fin - pafupifupi 20%, kupatula lupanga mwa amuna. Mitundu ina, zokongoletserazi zimatha kufikira 50% ya kutalika kwa thupi. "Chida" chodabwitsa choterechi chitha kudzitama ndi mtundu wotchedwa "montesuma swordsman".
Akazi pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi akulu kuposa 12-17% kuposa amuna. Zipsepse zawo zozungulira sizingafanane ndimitundu ndi kukula kwake kwa ziwalo zamagalimoto zamphongo. Kuphatikiza apo, mchira wamphongo wamphongo wakula kukhala gonopodium, chiwalo choberekera chomwe chimapereka mahomoni achimuna mthupi la mkazi.
Mtundu wachikazi suli wowala, mithunzi imadalira malo okhalamo, imvi yotuwa, bulauni, mawu obiriwira amapambana. Mu mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe, akazi amakhala ndi mawanga amtundu wonse. Amuna amalipira kudzichepetsa kwa akazi. Mitundu ina idavala zovala momwe mtundu wina umakhazikika, monga wopanga lupanga wobiriwira. Ena ali ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe, kudzichepetsa, yosavuta kukonza malupanga, njira yodalirika yoberekera yabweretsa anthu okhala ndi malupanga kuzinyanja zam'madzi. Zinachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi. Omwe amaweta ndi oweta nthawi yomweyo amazindikira. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa nsomba za mtundu wa malupanga ndikukhala m'madzi am'nyumba ndizokwera kangapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa malupanga okhala m'malo osungira achilengedwe.
Mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 28 ya malupanga. Mitundu iwiri kapena itatu yabwera chifukwa chachilengedwe. Kusakanikirana uku ndikosowa ndipo ndi gawo lachilengedwe lachifundo. Ndiye kuti, kupezeka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya anthu okhala ndimitundumitundu yolumikizana. Pali mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yosaphunzira bwino mu mtundu wa ma sabbi. Pali mitundu yodziwika bwino.
- Chobiriwira wonyamula lupanga... Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Mtundu wake uli m'malo ochokera ku Mexico kupita ku Honduras.
- Wonyamula lupanga. Nthawi zina zimawoneka pansi pa dzina "chipas". Amapezeka m'mitsinje yachangu ku Mexico. Anatsegulidwa mu 1960.
- Wopanga lupanga wachikaso. Odwala ku Mtsinje wa Mexico Coatzacoalcos. Mitunduyi imakhulupirira kuti yatsala pang'ono kutha. Pali mawonekedwe opangidwa mozungulira - wachikaso wachikasu kapena mandimu. Zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo pang'ono.
- Wonyamula lupanga wa Alpine. Ali ndi dzina lapakati - malinche wa malupanga. Amapezeka mu beseni la Mtsinje wa Panuco, womwe ukuyenda kumwera kwa Mexico. Amatchulidwa pambuyo pa womasulira ndi mdzakazi wa wogonjetsa Cortes: Malinche Malineli Tenepatl.
- Swordsman waku Montezuma. Wokhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico. Ali ndi lupanga lalitali kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphako wokongola wamtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Nsombazo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri mwanjira yake yoyambirira. Amapezeka kawirikawiri mumadzi achilengedwe komanso m'madzi am'madzi.
- Wonyamula lupanga la Gordon. Amakhala pamalo amodzi: m'nyanja yamapiri ya Santa Tecla. Amawonetsa zozizwitsa zosinthika. Madzi osungira awa amatenthedwa pamwamba pa 30 ° C ndikukhala ndi hydrogen sulfide.
- Pecilia adawonekera. M'mabuku achingerezi amapezeka pansi pa dzina "variatus platyfish". Izi wonyamula lupanga — nsomba zachilendo, imakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, ndipo yamphongo imasowa lupanga. Wopanga malupanga wopanda zida amapezeka ku Central America.
- Wonyamula lupanga lakummwera. Nthawi zina amatchedwa moonfish kapena platyfish wamba. Amuna amtunduwu nawonso alibe lupanga kumchira kwawo. Mtundu wa nsombayo umadutsa mosinthana ndi malupanga wobiriwira, chifukwa chake, mitundu yosakanizidwa yachilengedwe imawoneka.
- Swigman pgmy kapena pygmy. Amapezeka ku Mexico, Central America. Wopanga malupanga wocheperako, samakula kupitirira masentimita 3-5. Amayi achikazi amtunduwu ndi otuwa, amuna amakhala achikasu. Nsomba za amuna ndi akazi ndizofanana.
Ambiri mitundu ya malupanga zidapezeka mzaka zapitazi komanso zapano. Kulowa kwawo kosaloledwa m'gulu lachilengedwe kumalumikizidwa ndi anthu ochepa, okhala m'madzi akutali, osafufuzidwa.
Mitundu itatu yokha yachilengedwe yomwe yatchuka kwambiri m'madzi okhala m'madzi ndipo yatchuka pakampani. Ndiwoopanga wobiriwira, owoneka bwino komanso akumwera. Nthawi zambiri, sizamtundu weniweni womwe udachita bwino, koma mitundu yomwe imapezeka ndi hybridization.
Wopanga malupanga wobiriwira adakhazikitsa gulu lalikulu la nsomba zam'madzi. Ambiri a iwo adagawana ndimiyeso ya malachite ndikupeza miinjiro yachilendo komanso yokongola. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa. Mitundu ina yatsopanoyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso nyumba zam'madzi zofananira.
- Ofiira swordsman - nsomba ya aquarium... Amapezeka mwa kuphatikiza majini amphanga wobiriwira ndi mitundu ingapo yamapepala. Ntchito yosakanizidwa idachitika kwa zaka zambiri: sikunali kotheka kuchotsa mitundu yoyera ya nsomba. Ndi cholakwika ichi, vutoli lathetsedwa, utoto wayamba yunifolomu, wokhutira, wakuya. Nsombazo zinayamba kutchedwa ruby swordtails.
- Wakupanga wakuda wakuda. Kupeza nsomba zachisoni ndi ntchito yamuyaya ya oweta. Zotsatira zakuda zimakhala zabwino. Odyetsa akwaniritsa cholinga chawo, tsopano nsomba zakuda zokhala ndi lupanga kumchira kwawo ndizomwe zimakhala pamadzi.
- Malupanga amandimu. Amapezeka kuchokera ku mtundu wobiriwira. Amayamikiridwa makamaka ndi am'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa mtundu wa wopanga malupanga nthawi zambiri umaponderezedwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wapachiyambi.
- Calico wosoka malupanga. Nsombazo zidapeza dzina loteteralo chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kupepuka kwamitundu: madontho ofiira amabalalika pamiyala yoyera. Mtundu wa thupi lomwe oberekera amatenga sikuti umangopatsira mibadwo yamtsogolo nthawi zonse.
- Wonyamula lupanga loyera waku Bulgaria. Ichi ndi albino, chokhazikika m'mibadwo yambiri, chokhala ndi zizindikilo zonse zofunika: maso ofiira ndi thupi loyera. Zipsepse zosunthika zimasokoneza pang'ono kuyera konse kwa thupi.
- Rainbow Swordsman. Mikwingwirima ndi mawangamawanga ophatikizika amitundu yonse ya utawaleza amaonekera mosalala. Kuwoneka kokongola kumalimbikitsidwa ndi zipsepse za lalanje.
- Kambuku wosoka malupanga. Nsombayi ili ndi mawanga ngati zotupa za inki zomwazika kumbuyo kofiira. Caudal fin ndi pafupifupi yakuda kwathunthu.
- Wopanga malupanga wakuda. Thupi lofiira, lokhala ndi zipsepse zakuda, limapangitsa nsombayi kukhala yovuta komanso yokongola nthawi yomweyo.
- Swordsman pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake. Ndi mawonekedwe otchuka kwambiri pakati pamadzi am'madzi. Komanso, mtundu wa nsomba zoyimbidwa ndi lyre ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Zipsepse zomwe zimakhala ngati chophimba chochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimadulidwa ndi oyandikana ndi aquarium.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Opanga malupanga amasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi ochepa komanso apakatikati. Malo okhala ochepa angathe kuwerengedwa motere: Malita 30 ndiye gawo loyambira mapanga awiri oyamba, kuphatikiza malita 5 pa nsomba iliyonse yotsatira.
Zipangizo za Aquarium ndizofanana. Zomera ndi nsomba zimakonda kuwala. Chifukwa chake, nyali yowonjezera siyidzakhala panjira. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi vuto lotenthetsera, muyenera kusamalira chotenthetsera, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chophatikizika ndi thermometer. Kutentha kwapakati pa 25-26 ° C siyankho labwino chabe la malupanga.
Kutentha kukatsika pansi pa 22 ° C, munthu amatha kuwona kuti nsombayo ikufinya zipsepse zawo, "ikukanda" pansi. Izi zikuwonetsa matenda amachira ndi ichthyophthyriosis, omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma ciliates a parasitic. Kupezeka kwa ichthyophthyriosis ndikotheka, koma sikofunikira. Osoka akhoza kukhala mwamtendere ngakhale pa 20 ° C.
Nsomba zodwala izi zimakhala ndi malire, zimadza madzi akamazizira kuposa 15 ° C. Imfa yochokera ku hypothermia yabisala kumbuyo kwa izi. Kuuma ndi acidity sizimayambitsa nkhawa zambiri. Magawo awa ndiofala kwambiri. Acidity ndi pafupifupi pH 7, kuuma pamitundu ya dH 10-20.
Mchere wa mchere umatha kukhala wosiyana. Amisala nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo am'madzi amchere. Koma mchere pang'ono m'madzi suwononga nsombazo. Masiku ano, ambiri amasunga malo okhala m'matanthwe. Wosolola malupanga, kuti asinthe, amatha kudziwika m'madzi am'madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, nsomba imakonzedwa: mu chidebe momwe imakhalamo, mchere umawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka pamalire (32-35 ‰).
Zomera za Aquarium, pamaso pa kuwala, zimapanga mpweya, koma izi sizokwanira. Chifukwa chake, kukakamizidwa kwa aeration ndikofunikira pamadzi am'madzi ang'onoang'ono komanso akulu. Zomwe mpweya wabwino umayamba kuyambira 5 mg pa lita. Mutha kuwona izi pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ogulitsidwa pagulu lanyama. Zingwe zoyesera zimathandizira kudziwa osati mpweya wokha, komanso acidity ndi kuuma kwa madzi.
Zizolowezi zodyera pamapangawa zimagwirizana ndi zizolowezi za omwe amakhala nawo pafupi. Chakudya chamoyo chimabwera poyamba. Ziphuphu zamtundu wamagazi, tubifex, ndi nyongolotsi zimakhalabe zakudya zabwino kwambiri. Okonza lupanga nawonso samakana chakudya chouma cha mafakitale. Nsomba zimatha kusiyanitsa menyu posankha mbewu zam'madzi. Koma sizimavulaza kwambiri ndipo sizisokoneza mizu posaka chakudya.
Pakakhala kuti palibe chakudya chamoyo, chakudya chansomba chouma chimatha kupitilizidwa ndi chakudya chachilengedwe: dzira la nkhuku lodulidwa kapena nyama yang'ombe yodulidwa - mtima kapena chiwindi. Chilichonse chomwe sichidya nsomba chimayenera kuchotsedwa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito siphon.
Monga nsomba zambiri za pecilia, ma lupanga amatha kudya wina ndi ana awo. Achinyamata amabisala m'nkhalango zobiriwira. Zochita za aquarist pakuika mwachangu mwachangu nkhokwe ina ya achinyamata ndiyo njira yotsimikizika yopulumutsira akhanda.
Kusintha madzi mu aquarium ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kusamalira malupanga ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Madzi a Aquarium ndi chilengedwe chonse, chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kukwaniritsa mu chidebe chachikulu. Pachiyambi, madzi samakhudzidwa konse kwa miyezi itatu.
Pambuyo pake, pafupifupi kamodzi pamasabata awiri, 20% yokha yamadzi amasinthidwa. Aquarium yokhazikika komanso yayitali imafuna kusintha kwamadzi kamodzi pa sabata, pafupifupi 25%. Anthu ogwira lupanga amatenga njirayi bwino, chifukwa amakonda madzi oyera.
Chifukwa chosadziŵa zambiri za m'madzi, madzi abwino atha kukhala ndi ma chlorine, nitrate, nitrites owonjezera azinthu zina. Zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni wa nsomba ndi zizindikilo zake: ntchofu imawonekera pamiyala, kukangana kwa lupanga, kulumpha m'madzi, kapena, kukhala oopsa. Mlanduwo ungakonzedwe ndikusintha kwamadzi kwathunthu.
Kugwirizana kwa Aquarium
Opanga malupanga ndi nsomba zosangalatsa. Zimakhala bwino ndi mitundu yonse ya nsomba za pecilia. Nthawi zambiri anthu okhala ndi malupanga ndi anyamata ndiomwe amakhala pagulu lamsanja, makamaka kwa woweta nsomba. Kuphatikiza pa ma platyliid, zolengedwa zonse zosakhala zankhanza, zofananira zimatha kusambira pafupi ndi amisili.
Nthawi zina gulu la bata limasokonekera wamwamuna wamisalaamene adasankha kutsogolera gululo. Izi zimachitika pakakhala kuti palibe akazi okwanira. Kutsalira pambali, amuna omwe ali ndi nkhawa akathawira ku zomera zam'madzi. Kuchuluka kwawo ndikofunikira kwambiri m'malo okhala nsomba. Okonda lupanga ndi abwenzi abwino makamaka ndi kamomba, elodea ndi anthu ena ochepa omwe amakhala mumtsinje wa aquarium. Ndi malo obiriwirawa Kugwirizana kwa swordsman changwiro.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Amisala ali ndi gawo losangalatsa - amakonda kutenganso amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Izi zosowa - kusintha kwa mkazi kukhala wamwamuna - zimatchedwa protogyny. Nthawi zambiri, zifukwa zakusowa ndizachilengedwe - kusowa kwa nsomba zamphongo. Nthawi zina sipakhala zifukwa zomveka zofotokozera kusinthaku.
Amayi achimuna amalupanga nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zaka zoberekera osasintha mawonekedwe awo. Amapeza kulemera kokwanira ndikukula mpaka kukula kwake. Amakhala akazi athunthu. Amatha kubweretsa ana kangapo. Pansi pazovuta, amayamba kusintha, ndikusandulika amuna.
Nthawi zina kusintha kwamphamvu kumeneku kumachitika pakakhala amuna okwanira. Mwina chilengedwe chimayambitsa pulogalamu yopangidwa asanabadwe. Kuphatikiza apo, wosinthidwa, ndiye kuti, wakale wamkazi, nthawi zonse amakhala wokulirapo kuposa wamwamuna aliyense wosoka malupanga. Chifukwa chake ili ndi zabwino kuposa omenyera m'moyo ndi mawu oberekera.
Kaya ma metamorphoses azimayi amapezeka mgulu lopatsidwa kapena ayi, kuswana lupanga ikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Amuna nthawi zonse amazungulira akazi mosamala ndipo amakhala okonzeka kuberekana mwezi uliwonse. Njirayi imakonda nsomba za viviparous. Kuzindikira mkazi wokonzekera kubala kumakhala kosavuta.
Ngati wam'madzi akufuna kuti ana asamayende bwino, amamugoneka kuti azigwira ntchito m'malo osungira madzi. Pambuyo mwachangu kuwonekera, malaya achikazi anagwidwa ndikubwerera komwe amakhala. Mwachangu, nawonso, amasamutsidwa kupita ku thanki yaana. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zimakhala zotheka kudziwa za amuna omwe ali ndi malupanga. Pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, m'badwo watsopano uli wokonzeka kuberekana.
Opanga malupanga amawerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba za viviparous. Koma sizili choncho. Mazira a nsomba amayamba kukhalapo mu dzira. Koma malupanga achikazi samachita njira yoberekera. Caviar amakhalabe mkati mwawo. Izi zimapereka chitetezo chabwinoko kwa ana amtsogolo kuposa kubereka kwachikhalidwe.
Opanga malupanga safunika kutulutsa mazira mazana ambiri. Amangokhala ndi anthu zana okha amtsogolo a aquarium. Aliyense wa iwo, pokhala m'mimba, amadyetsa zomwe zili mu chipolopolo momwe amakuliramo. Kukhwima kwa mazira kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Pambuyo pake, mwachangu pachangu amasiya thupi la kholo lawo ndikukhala ndi mwayi wokhala zaka 3-5.
Chifukwa chake, ndizolondola kuyitanira anthu a lupanga ovoviviparous, osati nsomba za viviparous. Lingaliro lanzeru lachilengedwe limatsimikizira kuti zamoyo zimasungidwa m'malo achilengedwe okhala ndi nyama zolusa komanso pafupifupi kupulumuka kwa 100% kwa malupanga m'madzi, bola ngati achinyamata azikhalanso munthawi yake kukhala akasinja aunyamata.
Mtengo
Osoka malupanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso omaliza amatha kugula m'malo ogulitsira ziweto. Wotchuka kwambiri amakhalabe wosaka lupanga wofiira. Izi ndizopambana pamtundu wa aquarium. Kwa nsomba zoterezi, ogulitsa malo ogulitsa nyama amapempha ma ruble 50 mpaka 100. izo mtengo wa lupanga atakula kale.
M'mabizinesi osavuta kapena kwa anthu wamba, mtengo wamalupanga umayamba pa ruble 10. Chosankha chololeza onyamula lupanga ngati mphatso ndichotheka. Nsombazi zimaswana mofulumira ndikudzaza malo am'madzi. Mwiniwake wachidwi nthawi ndi nthawi amakumana ndi ntchito yosamutsira anthu ena malupanga modzichepetsa.
